• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.367-378
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• 2020

This paper presents a new design concept for ocean nuclear power plants (ONPPs) using a tension leg platform (TLP). The system-integrated modular advanced reactor, which is one of the successful small modular reactors, is mounted for demonstration. The authors define the design requirements and parameters, modularize and rearrange the nuclear and other facilities, and propose a new total general arrangement. The most fundamental level of design results for the platform and tendon system are provided, and the construction procedure and safety features are discussed. The integrated passive safety system developed for the gravity based structure-type ONPP is also available in the TLP-type ONPP with minor modifications. The safety system fully utilizes the benefits of the ocean environment, and enhances the safety features of the proposed concept. For the verification of the design concept, hydrodynamic analyses are performed using the commercial software ANSYS AQWA with the Pierson-Moskowitz and JONSWAP wave spectra that represent various ocean environments and the results are discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1171-1180
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• 2009

The internal core baffle structure of a French Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) consists of a collection of baffles and formers that are attached to the barrel. The connections are done thanks to a large number of bolts (about 1500). After inspection, some of the bolts have been found cracked. This has been attributed to the Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking (IASCC). The $Electricit\acute{e}$ De France (EDF) has set up a research program to gain better knowledge of the temperature distribution, which may affect the bolts and the whole structure. The temperature distribution in the structure was calculated thanks to the thermal code SYRTHES that used a finite element approach. The heat transfer between the by-pass flow inside the cavities of the core baffle and the structure was accounted for thanks to a strong thermal coupling between the thermal code SYRTHES and the CFD code named Code_Saturne. The results for the CP0 plant design show that both the high temperature and strong temperature gradients could potentially induce mechanical stresses. The CPY design, where each bolt is individually cooled, had led to a reduction of temperatures inside the structures. A new parallel version of SYRTHES, for calculations on very large meshes and based on MPI, has been developed. A demonstration test on the complete structure that has led to about 1.1 billion linear tetraedra has been calculated on 2048 processors of the EDF Blue Gene computer.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.903-920
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• 2020

Since its first demonstration as a practical genome editing tool in the early 2010s, the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) along with the endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has become an essential choice for generating targeted mutations. Due to its relative simplicity and cost-effectiveness compared to other molecular scissors, i.e., zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been shown to have a massive influence on genetic studies regardless of the biological kingdom. Although the system is in the process of being established, numerous protocols have already been released for the system and there have been various topics of CRISPR related papers published each year in ever-increasing manner. Here, we will briefly introduce CRISPR/Cas9 system and discuss the variants of the CRISPR system. Also, their applications to crop improvement will be dealt with mainly ornamental crops among horticultural crops other than Arabidopsis as a model plant. Finally, some issues on the barriers restraining the use of CRISPR system on floricultural crops, the prospect of CRISPR system as a DNA-free genome editing tool with efficient facilitators and finally, the future perspectives on the CRISPR system will be described.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2024

In recent years, there have been an increasing number of experimental studies showing the need to include robustness criteria in the design process to develop complex active control designs for practical implementation. The paper investigates the crosswind aerodynamic parameters after the blocking phase of a two-dimensional square cross-section structure by measuring the response in wind tunnel tests under light wind flow conditions. To improve the accuracy of the results, the interpolation of the experimental curves in the time domain and the analytical responses were numerically optimized to finalize the results. Due to this combined effect, the three aerodynamic parameters decrease with increasing wind speed and asymptotically affect the upper branch constants. This means that the aerodynamic parameters along the density distribution are minimal. Taylor series are utilized to describe the fuzzy nonlinear plant and derive the stability analysis using polynomial function for analyzing the aerodynamic parameters and numerical simulations. Due to it will yield intricate terms to ensure stability criterion, therefore we aim to avoid kinds issues by proposing a polynomial homogeneous framework and utilizing Euler's functions for homogeneous systems. Finally, we solve the problem of stabilization under the consideration by SOS (sum of squares) and assign its fuzzy controller based on the feasibility of demonstration of a nonlinear system as an example.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

기후변화 완화를 위한 온실가스 감축 수단으로서 대량의 이산화탄소를 포집하여 저장하는 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS) 기술의 중요성이 날로 부각되고 있다. CCS 기술은 발전소등과 같은 대규모 배출원에서 배출되는 이산화탄소를 바로 감축 가능케 할 뿐 아니라 지속 가능한 성장을 통한 탄소 에너지 산업 구조를 활용 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 '국가 CCS 종합추진계획'에 근거 해양을 매개로 연간 300만톤급 CCS 실증을 위한 $CO_2$ 수송 및 저장기술의 국내 개발현황을 고찰하고자 한다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2017

Thermal hydraulic (TH) analysis of nuclear power reactors is utmost important. In this way, the numerical codes that preparing TH data in reactor core are essential. In this paper, a subchannel analysis of a Russian pressurized water reactor (WWER1000) core with enhanced numerical code is carried out. For this, in fluid domain, the mass, axial and lateral momentum and energy conservation equations for desired control volume are solved, numerically. In the solid domain, the cylindrical heat transfer equation for calculation of radial temperature profile in fuel, gap and clad with finite difference and finite element solvers are considered. The dependence of material properties to fuel burnup with Calza-Bini fuel-gap model is implemented. This model is coupled with Isotope Generation and Depletion Code (ORIGEN2.1). The possibility of central hole consideration in fuel pellet is another advantage of this work. In addition, subchannel to subchannel and subchannel to rod connection data in hexagonal fuel assembly geometry could be prepared, automatically. For a demonstration of code capability, the steady state TH analysis of a the WWER1000 core is compromised with Thermal-hydraulic analysis code (COBRA-EN). By thermal hydraulic parameters averaging Fuel Assembly-to-Fuel Assembly method, the one sixth (symmetry) of the Boushehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) core with regular subchannels are modeled. Comparison between the results of the work and COBRA-EN demonstrates some advantages of the presented code. Using the code the thermal modeling of the fuel rods with considering the fission gas generation would be possible. In addition, this code is compatible with neutronic codes for coupling. This method is faster and more accurate for symmetrical simulation of the core with acceptable results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.355-366
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• 1994

미국원자력규제위원회에서는 최근 안전해석에 최적전산코드의 사용을 허용하는 개정된 비상노심냉각계통 평가 규정을 제시하였다. 당 규정에서는 계통해석에 최적전산코드를 사용할 경우 불확실성 평가를 수행할 것을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 비상노심냉각계통의 규제요건을 만족하는 실제적인 최적평가방법론을 개발하여 대형냉각재상실사고에 적용하였다. 최적평가전산코드로는 RELAP5/MOD3.1을 개선한 RELAP5/MOD3/KAERI를 사용하였으며, 코드의 불확실성은 수개의 분리효과 및 총체효과 실험에 대한 평가를 수행함으로써 정량화 하였다. 적용대상 발전소로는 고리 3 & 4호기를 선정하였다. 민감도 분석을 통하여 응답방정식을 구성하였으며 각 응답방정식에 대하여 무작위 추출방식, Monte Carlo 방식으로 확률밀도함수를 구하였다. 최종 불확실성은 95%의 신뢰도로 정량화 하였으며 대형냉각재 상실사고시의 안전여유도에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.704-712
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• 2009

Advanced Phase Isolation Ditch (APID) process was studied to develop economic retrofitting technology, for the plants where retrofitting of common activated sludge process is required. In this study, to evaluate and monitor the effluent water quality ($BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P) and operating conditions (Influent, SVI, SRT, and HRT) as process capable and stable parameters for treating municipal wastewater, a demonstration plant was installed and operated in the existing sewage treatment plant of P city. During this study, the average effluent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations were 7.7, 5.6, 10.8, and 1.6 mg/L. Trend analysis of influent $BOD_5$, SS, T-N, and T-P in APID process were illustrated that APID process need for more strong APID process management on the winter session, such as developing new intermediated aeration mode, operating methods, and managements strategy. At the application of control chart, the signal of uncommon effects at APID process was determined much higher existing control chart tntr conventional control chart in this study. These results indicate that conventional control chart has been collected and determined cleary signal at only stable situation. Therefore, newly developed APID process of dynamic control chart can be one of the useful tool for monitoring and management process.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2002

A demonstration plant was carried out to investigate the removal efficiency of $NH_3-N$ and $KMnO_4$ consumption depending on the existence of pre-chlorination for the ozonation and activated carbon process in the S water treatment plant which is located at the middle of Keum River. The averge removal efficiency of $KMnO_4$ consumption for $O_3/GAC$ processes with pre-chlorination and $O_3/BAC$ processes without pre-chlorination were 48.6% and 50% respectively. It is similar to removal effect of $KMnO_4$ consumption for GAC and BAC process depending on the existence of pre-chlorination. Otherwise, the removal of THMFP for GAC and BAC process was 58% and 68% respectively. $NH_3-N$ was not almost removed by sand filter and ozonation, but the average removal efficiency in the BAC process was about 31%. Especially, $NH_3-N$ was not almost removed by $O_3/BAC$ processes at the low temperature (below $$10^{\circ}C$$) in the winter season, $O_3/BAC$ processes have the advantage of removal of organic substance when it is compared to pre -chlorination followed by $O_3/GAC$ processes. Pre-chlorination followed by $O_3/GAC$ processes were required to remove $NH_3-N$ in the winter season because the removal of $NH_3-N$ was almost ineffective by $O_3/BAC$ process.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2009

본 연구는 오 폐수 내에 존재하는 총질소 성분의 생물학적 처리공정의 실증께 관한 연구를 수행한 것으로써 M면의 마을하수처리장에 YPNR 고도처리 공법을 적용하여 25일의 처리기간 동안 마을하수 중의 총질소 성분의 제거에 관한 자료를 확보하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 마을하수처리현장에 적용한 결과, 첨가탄소원 없이도 현재 배출허용기준에 적합한 70% 정도의 질소처리 효율을 나타내었다. 특히 유입 총질소 성분 중 95%는 질산화공정을 통해 질산성 질소로 전환되어 탈질공정에서 제거되고 방류되는 총질소 성분 중 질산성 질소 성분이 약 77%로서 이는 향후 강화되는 총질소 규제시 외부탄소원을 소량 투여해 줌으로써 현재의 방류수질보다 약 70% 낮은 방류수질을 유지 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 본 실험에서 사용된 YPNR 고도처리 공정은 하수, 마을하수처리에 적용될 수 있다고 판단된다.