• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing severity of occupational fall injury. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 105 patients sustaining occupational fall injury between July 2010 and January 2013. The study instruments were developed by the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities and National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects (30 items), workplace characteristics (12 items) and disaster characteristic (13 items). Results: Demographic factors, except age, did not affect the severity of injury. Injured patients aged 50-59 years tended to have more severe injuries than those aged 39 years. Type of transport vehicles, conditions, and the circumstances of the fall influenced injury severity. Patients transported by 119 ambulance suffered more severe fall injuries than those who were not. Electrical workers did not receive safety education wihin a year. Critical height in severe injuries was > 6 meters. Conclusion: Occupational fall injuries were influenced by patient age, types of transport vehicles, fall height, size of workplace, and safety education experience.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.45-58
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify how to improve the quality of department store's sales associates for customer loyalty. This study examines the importance of sales associates' education, skills, and customer service towards customer loyalty. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from 220 clothing sales associates working in department stores. This survey was paper-based. The participants were asked about the questionnaires; sales associates' education, sales associates' ability, customer service, and customer loyalty. General demographic characteristic of participants in the study are as follows; females (72.27%) participated the survey more than males (27.73%). With the age ranging from early 20s to over 40s, most people who took the survey ranged from early 30's to mid 30's with 33.64%. The result indicated that sales associates' education, and customer service skills were significantly corelated to each other. Sales associates' education had no co relation to customer loyalty. In applying the research findings, department stores can design their training contents to offer better training quality. Education of sales associates can be focused by providing various training contents, exercise, effective options, along with the opportunity to improve the qualities of training.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging features of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jawbone. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 26 CBCT studies of histologically proven cases of CGCG during a period of 20 years, from 1999 to 2019. Patients' demographic data were recorded, and radiographic features were assessed (location, border, cortication, appearance of the internal structure, locularity, septation, expansion, cortical perforation, effects on surrounding tissue, whether the lesion crossed the midline, and lesion volume). Results: In this study, CGCGs were seen almost twice as often in the mandible than in the maxilla, and 64.7% of mandibular lesions involved the anterior region. Only 26.9% of lesions crossed the midline, a feature that was considered characteristic of CGCG. Furthermore, 65.4% of lesions were unilocular and 34.6% were multilocular. The correlation between a lesion's size and its locularity was statistically significant, and larger lesions showed a multilocular appearance. The mean volume of multilocular lesions was greater than that of unilocular lesions. Conclusion: CGCGs showed variable radiographic features on CBCT, and this imaging modality is highly effective at demonstrating the radiographic spectrum and lesional extent of CGCGs in the jawbone.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2022

High-rise buildings often can accommodate the population of small horizontal cities. The investment in high-rise buildings is considerable and therefore a rapid return on investment is necessary. The immediate availability of high-rise buildings can be achieved by automated prefabrication of highly finished modules and their instant on-site assembly by robotic and automated construction sites. A high-rise building as a vertical city can be considered as a sophisticated organism that can constantly change throughout its lifecycle in response to economic growth, demographic change, and environmental pressures. To date, many new urban high-rise developments claim to be "vertical cities", yet few represent this important characteristic. This article analyzed the technological readiness and innovations in the field of construction automation and robotics including single-task construction robots, automated on-site construction factories, and ambient assisted living. These technological advances enable the realization of future vertical cities that are able to continuously grow and transform in terms of form and function. Finally, the article proposes a visionary archetype of vertical city in the name of "dynamic vertical urbanism" that is easy to expand vertically and horizontally in order to achieve instant availability and full life cycle resilience thanks to advanced building technologies.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.233-250
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• 2014

Since 2000, people who lived in the city begin to see returning to farming in a new perspective. People returning to the farming became a trend and therefore, the number of people who are returning to farm are increasing. Because of the concept of take up farming is developing as an idea of establishing a new business, the government agency and the government-related organization are very supportive as the government is interested in the business. The conclusion is below regarding the analysis result In order to receive the analysis of actual proof, we conducted a survey targeting 300 people who returned to farming village in the whole country, excluding Jeju Island from Aug 1st 2013 to Aug 30th 2013. Except uncandidness answers, we used 252 survey results of our sample. Also we used SPSS Wim Ver. 18.0 to draw a conclusion regarding the collected sample. First, regarding of Hypothesis 1 "Personal characteristic will give positive effects in returning to farming village", was partially supportive Second, regarding of Hypothesis 2 "Reason of settling will give positive effects in returning to farming village", was partially supportive Third, regarding of Hypothesis 3 "Geographic characteristics will give positive effects in returning to farming village", was partially supportive Fourth, the effect of social support between the individual characteristic, reason of settling, and geographic characteristics, the result indicated that the social support was partially supportive in farm returners regarding reason of settlement. However, there were no social support effect in returning to farm satisfaction regarding of geographic characteristic. Fifth, after analysing the difference of personal characteristic regarding demographic characteristic, reason of settlement, and geographic characteristic, the result indicated that people who are age 40+, who graduated graduate school lived in metropolitan city, settling to Jeollabuk-do felt higher satisfaction of returning to village than people who are in their 30s, graduated university, lived in city/district, and now settling to Kyung-book and Choong-nam.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4258-4271
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the professional job perception and job satisfaction of medical recorders working at general hospitals. The study subjects were 314 medical recorders and health information technicians working at 42 general hospitals. The investigation was conducted using a standardized self-administered questionnaire during March 4-April 23, 2013. As a result, there was a significant correlation among gender, age, marital status, monthly salary, BMI, position, aptitude for one's duties, wish for a career transition, and perception of the prospects of the social status of medical recorders and health information technicians in the future and professional job perception. In particular, the demographic characteristics and work-related characteristics suggested a high correlation with the professional job perception. There was a significant correlation between age, monthly salary, BMI, position, work satisfaction, wish for a career transition, perception of the prospects of the respondent's social status, and professional job perception and work satisfaction. In particular, the work-related characteristic variables and professional job perception indicate a high correlation with the work satisfaction. The results indicated a high correlation between the demographic characteristics and job-related characteristics variables in terms of the professional job perception of medical recorders and health information technicians and between the work-related characteristics and professional job perception variables in terms of work satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 1997

Nowadays according to the complexity of our daily life due to the development of industry and transportation various kinds of injuries happen. Since 1993 the death rate among 5-14 age children by injuries amount to about 57%. Furthermore, the injury of children can give a direct damage to their own family and it can also bring a serious loss to the country as well as the community where they live in accord with degree of an injury. From this reason, the importance of safety education has been increasing. In this study, it is aimed to clarify the effect of injury preventive behaviors on injury incidence of the 6th grade students in the elementary school. This study is accomplished by the survey sampled from 9 elementary schools in seoul, each of which belong to different district. The survey took for 15 days from the date of september 10th 1996 to september 25th 1996 and the results were as follows; 1. For demographic characteristic, sexual distribution was 48.7% of male students and 47.1% of female students. The required time from home to school was 10-19 minutes(51.8%), and the most way of their going to school is to walk(89.7%). Mothers who graduated from high school were 46.6% and 49.4% of fathers were above university graduated level. The most vocation of mothers was housewife as 56.7%. 2. The results of analysis on the injury rates, 75.8% of children experienced more than one injury and the most was play injury. With regards to sites where injuries happened, the room, the kitchen, and the living room in the house ranked first(38.3%) and then injuries at school such as on the playground, in the classroom, and on the stairs was 34.1%. 3. Considering the rate of injury incidence in accordance with demographic characteristics, male students experienced more injuries than female students(p〈0.05). For the way from home to school, children who went to school by bicycle experienced the most injuries and then on foot, by bus in order of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.05). 4. From the comparison of parents' safety education practice and the injury incidence, the less often parents practice safety education, the more often children experience injuries(p〈0.05). 5. The results of analysis on the effect of injury preventive behaviors on accidents children who didn't act injury preventive behaviors experienced much more injuries than those who did injury preventive behaviors of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.01). 6. From the results of analysis of factors effecting on the elementary school children's injuries, children without injury preventive behaviors had more effect on accidents than those who had injury preventive behaviors as odds ratio 2.06(p〈0.01), and the odds ratio of male students compared with female students was 1.47(p〈0.05).

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

Within twenty years, Permanent Affordable Housing provided for people's security of housing in late 1980's yields the principles of equity with tenant's in new one supplied, thus being confronted by the requirements that existing welfare service for tenants should be improved. Reflecting on these, this study means to prepare the basic data for the welfare policy as applying welfare service types on basis of housing locational characteristics, tenants tier compared with welfare service needs of permanent affordable housing tenants. For achieving this aim, the range and mixed use mechanism of welfare service are investigated as reviewing the related research and findings. Based on this investigation, 7 types of welfare service(Independence, Half-support, Child care, Juvenile, Self-support, Social-mix, and Single household) are established. On the analysis of survey, the welfare service needs are investigated as grouping with locational characteristics and survey target. In addition, the welfare service types are reorganized by analysis of tenant's demographic and locational characteristic on each housing and are compared with tenants needs. Although, the demographic of permanent affordable housing generally shows that the tenants are constituted with aged people, the housing with high ratio of children and juvenile can be applied with Child Care type and Juvenile type. As a result of comparison, the ratio of independence type, juvenile type, and single household type are more on the large housing and housing on metropolitan area, and the ratio of half-support type and child care type are more on the small housing and housing on small city area.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.584-590
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• 2017

Objective : Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under age 24 months has characteristic features because the brain at this age is rapidly growing and sutures are opened. Moreover, children this age are completely dependent on their parents. We analyzed the demographic data and risk factors for outcomes in TBI patients in this age group to elucidate their clinical characteristics. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiological films of children under 24 months who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013 for TBI. Specifically, we analyzed age, cause of injury, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, radiological diagnosis, seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural hygroma, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score, and we divided outcomes into good (GOS 4-5) or poor (GOS 1-3). We identified the risk factors for post-traumatic seizure (PTS) and outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results : The total number of patients was 60, 39 males and 21 females. Most common age group was between 0 to 5 months, and the median age was 6 months. Falls were the most common cause of injury (n=29, 48.3%); among them, 15 were falls from household furniture such as beds and chairs. Ten patients (16.7%) developed PTS, nine in one week; thirty-seven patients (61.7%) had skull fractures. Forty-eight patients had initial GCS scores of 13-15, 8 had scores of 12-8, and 4 had scored 3-7. The diagnoses were as follows : 26 acute subdural hematomas, 8 acute epidural hematomas, 7 focal contusional hemorrhages, 13 subdural hygromas, and 4 traumatic intracerebral hematomas larger than 2 cm in diameter. Among them, two patients underwent craniotomy for hematoma removal. Four patients were victims of child abuse, and all of them had PTS. Fifty-five patients improved to good-to-moderate disability. Child abuse, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis found that the salient risk factor for a poor outcome was initial GCS on admission. Conclusion : The most common cause of traumatic head injury in individuals aged less than 24 months was falls, especially from household furniture. Child abuse, moderate to severe TBI, acute subdural hematoma, and subdural hygroma were risk factors for PTS. Most of the patients recovered with good outcomes, and the risk factor for a poor outcome was initial mental status.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.584-591
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine the levels of cognitive impairment (MMSE-K) among centenarians, and to reveal their association with related variables. The study subjects were 268 centenarians who received medical check-ups from the National Health Insurance Corporation during the period of 2016-2017. The levels of cognitive impairment were significantly reduced among females as well as those living with spouses and children, lower monthly income, lower BMI and individuals who engaged in smoking and alcohol consumption without regular exercise relative to their respective counterparts. The risk of definitive cognitive impairment in study subjects was significantly higher among women (ORs=9.85, 95% CI=2.88-33.59) than men and was lower in obese group (ORs=0.25, 95% CI=0.07-0.86) than in low weight groups, as well as in non-smoking (ORs=0.30, 95% CI=0.10-0.83) than smoking groups. The factors influencing the cognitive impairment of study subjects were sex, living status, monthly income, BMI and smoking status. Taken together, these results suggest that the levels of cognitive impairments among centenarians differed significantly in response to socio-demographic characteristics and health related variables. Especially, the levels of cognitive impairments decreased among those with poor health related variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption and regular exercise.