• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 2016

The present paper describes the two off-surface visualization techniques and their application examples to vortex flows. One of the two visualization techniques is the classical smoke-wire technique, and the other is the visualization technique using the micro water-droplets generated by the home-style ultrasonic humidifier. The smoke-wire technique has the limit of air flow speed (about 5 m/sec for 0.07 mm-diameter wire) and the pollution problem, but it produces very fine and clear streak line sheet. It is applied to visualize the wing-tip vortices of a 3-dimensional wing. The micro water-droplet technique has the larger limit of air flow speed (above 10 m/sec) and is free from pollution and toxic problems compared to the smoke-wire technique. It is successfully applied to visualize the complex vortex system of a double-delta wing with an apex strake.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2020

One of the most important steps to consider in utilizing micro-satellites for surveillance or reconnaissance operations is the design of the satellite constellation. The Walker-Delta constellation which is commonly used in designing satellite constellations is not ideal for this operation in which military satellites are required to monitor specific regions continuously in a stable manner. This study aims to discuss the methodology for designing a satellite constellation that is capable of monitoring the fixed region at the fixed time each day by using the Sun synchronous Orbit. The BB(Beach Ball) constellation that we propose outperforms the Walker-Delta constellation in terms of robustness and it holds the merit of being simple in its design, thereby making future expansions more convenient. We expect the BB constellation will have a high applicability as the operational concept of military surveillance satellites is established in the near future.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-157
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• 2006

This paper represents a numerical study of the flow field due to the interactions between a pair of vortices produced by vortex generators in a rectangular channel flow. In order to analyze longitudinal vortices induced by the vortex generators, the pseudo-compressibility method is introduced into the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Strokes equations of a 3-dimensional unsteady, incompressible viscous flow. A two-layer $k-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model is applied to a flat plate 3-dimensional turbulence boundary to predict the flow structure and turbulence characteristics of the vortices. The computational results predict accurately the vortex characteristics related to the flow field, the Reynolds shear stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. Also, in the prediction of skin friction characteristics the computational results are reasonably close to those of the experiment obtained from other researchers.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

For Aerodynamic analysis of vehicle at altitude, 100km, the validity of governing equations based on continuum model, was reviewed. Also, as the preliminary study for the sub-orbital space plane development, a candidate geometry was suggested and computational fluid dynamic(CFD) analysis was performed for various angles of attack in subsonic and supersonic flow regimes to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics and performance. The inviscid flow analyses showed that the stall starts at angle of attack above $20^{\circ}$, the maximum drag is generated at angle of attack, $87^{\circ}$ and the maximum lift to drag ratio is about 8 in subsonic flow. In supersonic, the stall angle is about $40^{\circ}$ and the maximum drag is generated at angle of attack, $90^{\circ}$. Also, mach number distribution of re-entry vehicle was computed versus altitudes.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.799-807
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• 2005

The flow characteristics and the heat transfer rate on a surface by the interaction of a pair of vortices are studied numerically. To analyze the common flow up produced by vortex generators in a rectangular channel flow, the pseudo-compressibility viscous method is introduced into the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation for 3-dimensional unsteady, incompressible viscous flows. To predict turbulence characteristics, a two-layer $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model is used on the flat plate 3-dimensional turbulence boundary The computational results predict accurately Reynolds stress, turbulent kinetic energy and flow field generated by the vortex generators. The numerical results, such as thermal boundary layers, skin friction characteristics and heat transfers, are also reasonably close to the experimental data.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.227-246
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to understand the flow above the front edge of low-rise building roofs. The greatest suction on the building is known to occur at this location as a result of the formation of conical vortices in the separated flow zone. It is expected that the relationship between this suction and upstream flow conditions can be better understood through the analysis of the vortex flow mechanism. Experimental measurements were used, along with predictions from numerical simulations of delta wing vortex flows, to develop a model of the pressure field within and beneath the conical vortex. The model accounts for the change in vortex suction with wind angle, and includes a parameter indicating the strength of the vortex. The model can be applied to both mean and time dependent surface pressures, and is validated in a companion paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.288-297
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• 2000

This paper describes the results of an experimental investigation of the flow characteristics and the heat transfer rate on a surface by interaction of a pair of vortices. The test facility consists of a boundary-layer wind tunnel with a vortex introduced into the flow by half-delta wings(vortex generators) protruding from the surface. In order to control the strength of the two longitudinal vortices, the angles of attack of the vortex generators are varied from 20 degree to 45 degree, but spacings between the vortex generators are fixed to 4 cm. The 3-dimensional mean velocity downstream of the vortex generators is measured by a five-hole pressure probe, and the hue-capturing method using the thermochromatic liquid crystals has been used to provide the local distribution of the heat transfer coefficient. By using the method mentioned above, the following conclusions are obtained from the present experiment. The boundary layer is thinned in the regions where the secondary flow is directed toward the wall and thickened where it is directed away from the wall. The peak augmentation of the local heat transfer coefficient occurs in the downwash region near the point of minimum boundary-layer thickness. Streamwise distributions of averaged Stanton number on the measurement planes show very similar trends for all the cases(${\beta}=20^{circ},\;30^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.298-305
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• 2000

The flow characteristics and the heat transfer rate on a surface by interaction of a pair of vortices were studied experimentally. The test facility consisted of a boundary-layer wind tunnel with a vortex introduced into the flow by half-delta wings protruding from the surface. In order to control the strength of the longitudinal vortices, the angles of attack of the vortex generators were varied from - 20 degree to - 45 degree, but spacings between the vortex generators were fixed to 4 cm. The 3-dimensional mean velocity measurements were made using a five-hole pressure probe. Heat transfer measurements were made using the thermochromatic liquid to provide the local distribution of the heat transfer coefficient. Unlike common flow down, common flow up vortices moved toward the centerline as they developed and interacted strongly with each other but not with the boundary layer. Spanwise profiles of Stanton number were similar for ${\beta}=-20^{\circ}\;and\;-35^{\circ}$, but not similar for ${\beta}=-45^{\circ}$. The case of ${\beta}=-20^{\circ}\;and\;-35^{\circ}$ showed the two peak Stanton number, but the case of ${\beta}=-45^{\circ}$ showed the only one peak Stanton number.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.385-394
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• 2012

A computer program that can estimate static, dynamic stability and control derivatives using a subsonic-supersonic panel method is developed. The panel method uses subsonic-supersonic source and elementary horse shoe vortex distributions, and their strengths are determined by solving the boundary condition approximated with a thin body assumption. In addition, quasi-steady analysis on the body fixed coordinate system allows the estimation of damping coefficients of aircraft 3 axes. The code is validated by comparing the neutral point, roll and pitch damping of delta wings with published analysis results. Finally, the static, dynamic stability and control derivatives of F-18 are compared with experimental data as well as other numerical results to show the accuracy and the usefulness of the code.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2015

A numerical simulation for a nonslender BWB UCAV configuration with a rounded leading edge and span of 1.0 m was performed to analyze its aerodynamic characteristics. Numerical results were compared with experimental data obtained at a free stream velocity of 50 m/s and at angles of attack from -4 to $26^{\circ}$. The Reynolds number, based on the mean chord length, is $1.25{\times}106$. 3D multi-block hexahedral grids are used to guarantee good grid quality and to efficiently resolve the boundary layer. Menter's shear stress transport model and two transition models (${\gamma}-Re_{\theta}$ model and ${\gamma}$ model) were used to assess the effect of the laminar/turbulent transition on the flow characteristics. Aerodynamic coefficients, such as drag, lift, and the pitching moment, were compared with experimental data. Drag and lift coefficients of the UCAV were predicted well while the pitching moment coefficient was underpredicted at high angles of attack and influenced strongly by the selected turbulent models. After assessing the pressure distribution, skin friction lines and velocity field around UCAV configuration, it was found that the transition effect should be considered in the prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of vortical flow fields.