• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2012

The paper proposes a non-parametric methodology, data envelopment analysis, for measuring efficiency and productivity in service delivery systems with capacity constraints. The methodology provides allocation approaches for studying behaviors of firm and customers in service delivery strategy. The experimental study is carried out to investigate allocation behaviors and conduct an objective tradeoff between efficiency approach and productivity approach. The experimental result indicates that the efficiency approach allocates resource via maximizing customer efficiency rather than firm productivity as in the productivity approach. Moreover, the experiment reveals that there exists an objective tradeoff between the efficiency approach and the productivity approach. These findings provide strategic options for allocation policy in service delivery systems.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2021

Scars can cause great psychological stress among patients. Currently, there are numerous topical agents, laser and surgical treatments available for skin rejuvenation and scar minimization. Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is a treatment method that increases drug delivery by stimulating the skin physically and chemically to enhance the penetration of topical agents. This is one of the areas of great interest in the treatment of various skin diseases in addition to its use for cosmetic purposes. In particular, LADD is relatively non-invasive and has advantages in terms of accessibility and stability. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a collagen stimulator known to gradually restore skin volume by inducing inflammation and fibroplasia. Herein, we report a case of treatment of an atrophic scar with fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted PLLA delivery.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2016

Objective:This study is on the characteristics of motorcycle accidents occurring in the mail delivery process by skill level. Background: The tendency of delivery postmen's driving in a hurry may become the cause of accidents since there is a constraint that delivery should be completed within a limited time. Method: This study analyzed the traffic accident data of 259 delivery postmen, who had been approved as occupation-related industrial accident victims from 2009 to 2012, by their work experience in view of season, day of the week of an accident occurrence, accident occurrence time, accident cause, collision type, and driving situation. Results: Accident characteristics of delivery postmen show that the ratio of accidents occurring to those who had less than 10 years of work experience was high. There were many motorcycle collisions in winter and summer by season and an unexpected object, along with road condition, took up 70.7% of the accident sources. There were no differences in accident occurrence time, the day of the week, season, accident source, and collision type between the group of delivery postmen with less than 10 years of work experience and those with 10 years or more of work experience. However, there was a difference in distribution of driving condition. Conclusion and Applications: The results of this study can be used to present the policies or guidelines for the accident prevention of delivery postmen since the results show the characteristics of the injured and accident occurrence characteristics in relation with the delivery postmen's motorcycle collisions.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of interaction between product category (fresh vs. indulgent product) and shopping options (shipping charge and delivery time) on customer satisfaction and purchase intent in an e-commerce context. When ordering groceries online, consumers begin to allocate a larger share of their grocery budget toward product categories that generally contain healthier items at the expense of product categories that generally contain more indulgent products. Moreover, customers are extremely sensitive to shipping options such as shipping charges and delivery time. Therefore, this research investigates the issue at a more segmented level to focus on the impact that one dimension of logistics service quality - product category, shipping charge, and delivery time have on customer satisfaction and purchase intent. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the theoretically derived priori hypotheses concerning product category, shipping charges, delivery time, satisfaction, and purchase intent, this research presented a scenario-based experiment. Eight treatment groups were assigned by the method of product category (fresh produce vs. indulgent product), shipping charge (free vs. paid), and delivery time (one-day vs. two to three days). A total of 240 subjects were divided into groups and exposed to one of the eight scenarios. Participant's purchase intention was the dependent variable, and ANOVA and L-matrix were used to analyze for main and interactive effects between factors. Conclusions: Results indicated that in tests 1 and 2, free shipping and fast delivery time increased consumer satisfaction as well as purchase intent, and fast delivery moderated the impact of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Test 3 showed that the effect of free shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent moderated by fast delivery for indulgent products. In contrast, fast delivery for fresh products moderated the effect of paid shipping on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent. Consistent with this proposed mechanism, the relative importance of fresh produce versus indulgent products highlights the effect of shipping options on consumer satisfaction and purchase intent when ordering the target product in an e-commerce context. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2000

This study to study and analyze the current state of infancy breast-feeding ＆ practice and related factors and to provide basic data for the effective practice of breast-feeding and breast-feeding percentage improvement. For the object, 474 mothers of the infants who were born between Jan. 1, 1998 and Dec. 31, 1998 were selected, and the survey period ＆ method were from Oct. 15, 1999 through Nov. 14, 1999 (1 month period) and telephone interview, respectively. To examine by month breast-feeding type, the average breast-feeding percentage in 1 month after a child's birth was 42.4%, but after 6 month it decreased to 23.0%. To see breast-feeding percentage by academic background, the breast-feeding of elementary school graduated mothers was 33.3%, which was highest, and it decreased as the academic background of mothers went better (p〈0.01). By employment state, the percentage for the mothers who were not employed was higher (24.6%) than that of those who were employed at the time, which was 8.0% (p〈0.001). There was no meaningful difference found in breast-feeding percentage by infant mothers age, delivery place, infant sex, child order in family, weight at the time of birth. To examine breast-feeding percentage by delivery method, natural delivery was 27.0% which was higher than 13.1% of Caesarean section (p〈0.01), and by breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital, 35.6% of those who have breast-fed were breast-feeding while it was 16.4% for those who never did it while in the hospital (p〈0.001). After conducting logistics multi return analysis having breast-feeding percentage as a variable at the time of 6 months after babys birth, I found that infant mothers employment state, delivery method, and breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital become meaningful variables. As unemployed mothers (p〈0.05), as chose natural delivery (p〈0.05), as experienced breast-feeding before leaving the hospital (p〈0.001), there was more tendency to do breast-feeding. Summing the above results, I would like to suggest the following to raise breast-feeding percentage. Firstly, systematic education about the importance and advantages of breast-feeding and correct breast-feeding method should be practised for women. Secondly, vacation before and after childbirth for working women should be practised and the support of systems for working womens breast-feeding such as installation of nursery in work place are needed. Thirdly, continuous publicity and education for natural delivery inducement is necessary, and for the ones who chose Caesarean section, recommendation of breast-feeding is also needed. Fourth, for breast-feeding within fastest time after delivery, rooming-in required and legal and systematic support is also needed. Lastly, in the governmental level, publicity for breast-feeding and breast-feeding recommending programs that promotes 10 rules for successful breast-feeding bringing-up, provided by UNISEF and WHO, are to be provided.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.253-256
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• 1995

Polymers have been one of the emerging biomedical materials in the area of biomedical research which are applicable to the human body. For human applications, noninvasive characterization of the biomedical polymers has been one of the important topics, and is valuable information. Among others, the swelling rate is one of the important measurements needed for the hydrophilic polymers. NMR imaging has been a suitable method for the noninvasive study of such a material since it is sensitive to many physical and biochemical changes of the specimens. In addition, NMR techniques possess many useful intrinsic properties such as the relaxation and diffusion effects. The present study has provided a noble and noninvasive method of measuring the process of swelling as well as volumetric changes occurred in polymers and drug delivery processes in a drug delivery system (DDS) together with changes of released drug. This gives information, relating with both water ingress process, volumetric changes of polymer specimens and the visualization of sequential drug delivery process. Also, this study provides more reliable method to ascertain the time dependent swelling process compared to the conventional method. The important aspects is that the proposed method is truly noninvasive and is able to ascertain time dependent processes.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2010

S plastic injection molding factory located at Namdong Industrial Complex in Incheon produces plastic parts for semiconductor, vacuum cleaners, office furniture, etc. It produces the parts to customers' order and delivers them directly to customers at due dates using the trucks of freight company. In recent years, it has been suffered from the excessive production cost, high lost sales rate, rigid response to customers' order, and high delivery cost, which affect negatively on its profit. This paper introduces a case study on the profit increase through a newly proposed production and distribution method which applies a make-to-stock and multi-visit delivery strategy at S plastic injection molding factory. The proposed method is evaluated by comparing with the current method with respect to sales profit using the historical data of customer demand. It is confirmed through the computational experiments that the proposed production and distribution method yields almost double increase in profit resulted from the increased production, reduced lost sales, reduced production cost, and reduced delivery cost.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.465-469
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• 2004

Colloidal gold nanoparticles might be of use as nano scale delivery systems of various therapeutic materials in the future. Recent studies have reported the feasibility of colloidal gold nanoparticles as gene delivery systems or protein delivery systems. In this study, we aimed to develop a short-step method useful for screening the optimal coating conditions of colloidal gold nanoparticles with proteins. We observed that colloidal gold nanoparticles have properties of changing its unique color when they were exposed to NaCl solution. Taking advantage of the color changing properties of colloidal gold nanoparticles, we applied the color testing method of colloidal gold nanoparticles solutions for evaluating the protein coating nature. Using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, we tested the protein coating of colloidal gold nanoparticles via the color change upon NaCl addition. The optimal coating concentration and coating conditions of colloidal gold nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin were fixed using the color testing methods. We suggest that the color testing method might be applied to optimize the coating condition of colloidal gold nanoparticles with other therapeutic proteins.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2022

Purpose: This study presents the analysis on space usage of delivery departments in regional public hospitals. The results intention is to achieve improvement of the delivery environment for the mothers and newborns regarding exposure prevention and efficient infection control. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for architectural plans and guidelines for the delivery department. Method: The investigation and analysis were based on research papers, legal systems, public medical statistical data, and the architectural floor plan drawing. For research, 20 regional public hospitals with an operating delivery room were excluded. Regarding data accessibility, 15 regional public hospitals were selected. Results: To overcome the increased vulnerability of the delivery department, the research results of basic data is provided for the establishment to address urgent needs and rapid response. Thus, the research results are as follows: Firstly, the delivery department needs to respond promptly according to the type of patients. For example, in a case of emergency surgery, a connected circulation plan with the related departments is needed. Secondly, for the environment of the delivery area, alleviating anxiety is imperative for pregnant patients and guardians, labor, childbirth, and recovery. Therefore, these needs must be addressed for treatment space and circulation. Lastly, the delivery department is classified into three areas for analysis: access area, treatment area, and support area. In most of the delivery departments of the 15 selected hospitals, there is no space for the access and support area except for the labor and delivery rooms in the treatment area. For the access area, a waiting area, changing room for pregnant women and guardians, and a storage space for contaminated linens are required for infection prevention, safety, and efficiency. For the treatment area, childbirth processes and circulation should have space reserved for labor, delivery, recovery, examination, and treatment. In preparation for an emergency during childbirth, emergency response measures and supporting space needs to be established. For the support area, circulation and rooms are to be designed for medical staff support, activity space, storage and transportation of equipment, and urgent medical treatment. Implications: Along with the low fertility rate and the decrease of medical institutions that operate delivery departments, for the purpose of establishing a public medical service system and a healthy medical environment for mothers and newborns, the researched information demonstrates basic data on space plan of delivery departments in regional public hospitals.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2022

Traditionally, postal services that produce and deliver paper-based notices have been the mainstream. The reason is that it has the function of distribution and proof of delivery in the postal delivery system as well as the advantage of information delivery through postal delivery. After all, for the purpose of distribution and proof of delivery, many organizations use paper-based postal notices. However, in recent years, it has been in the spotlight to produce a paper-based postal notice as an electronic notice and deliver information to a mobile device through the Internet. In this paper, we propose a safe interworking method for user identification information required for private institutions to transmit mobile electronic notices. In order for a private institution to accurately deliver an electronic notice to a mobile service subscriber, a means to confirm whether the private institution and the mobile device subscriber are the same person is required. In the mobile electronic notification service, the connecting information provided by the personal identity proofing agency is used as a means of user identification. Connecting information is called a resident registration number on the Internet and is one-way hash information that can only be created by the personal identity proofing agency designated by the government. In order to transmit a mobile electronic notice, it is necessary to share connecting information for the same user identification between the institution that requests the sending of the electronic notice and the institution that processes the sending of the electronic notice. Connecting information is personal information that can uniquely identify a user, and if it is disclosed, damage such as personal information infringement may occur. As such, it is necessary to prevent problems that may arise from misuse and abuse of connecting information as well as increase in the benefits of sending the mobile electronic notice. In this paper, a safe and effective mobile electronic notification service can be performed by suggesting a method for safe interworking of information related to the mobile electronic notification service.