• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.598-606
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of time interval between index event and stenting on the periprocedural risk of stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis and to determine the optimal timing of stenting. Methods : This retrospective study included 491 (322 symptomatic [65.6%] and 169 asymptomatic [34.4%]) patients undergoing carotid stenting. The symptomatic patients were categorized into Day 0-3, 4-7, 8-10, 11-14, 15-21, and >21 groups according to the time interval between index event and stenting. Periprocedural (≤30 days) risk for clinical (any neurological deterioration) and radiological (new infarction on postprocedural diffusion-weighted imaging) events of stenting in each time interval versus asymptomatic stenosis was calculated with logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders, and provided as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results : Overall clinical event rate (4.3%) of stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis was higher than that for asymptomatic stenosis (1.2%; OR, 3.979 [95% CI, 1.093-14.489]; p=0.036). Stenting in Day 0-3 (13.2%; OR, 10.997 [95% CI, 2.333-51.826]; p=0.002) and Day 4-7 (8.3%; OR, 6.775 [95% CI, 1.382-33.227]; p=0.018) was associated with high risk for clinical events. However, the clinical event rates in stenting after 7 days from index event (Day 8-10, 1.8%; Day 11-14, 2.5%; Day 15-21, 0%; Day >21, 2.9%) were not different from that in stenting for asymptomatic stenosis. Overall radiological event rate (55.6%) in symptomatic stenosis was also higher than that in asymptomatic stenosis (35.5%; OR, 2.274 [95% CI, 1.553-3.352]; p<0.001). The high risk for radiological events was maintained in all time intervals (Day 0-3 : 55.3%; OR, 2.224 [95% CI, 1.103-4.627]; p=0.026; Day 4-7 : 58.3%; OR, 2.543 [95% CI, 1.329-4.949]; p=0.005; Day 8-10 : 53.6%; OR, 2.096 [95% CI, 1.138-3.889]; p=0.018; Day 11-14 : 57.5%; OR, 2.458 [95% CI, 1.225-5.021]; p=0.012; Day 15-21 : 55.6%; OR, 2.271 [95% CI, 1.099-4.764]; p=0.028; Day >21 : 54.8%; OR, 2.203 [95% CI, 1.342-3.641]; p=0.002). Conclusion : This study showed that as stenting was delayed, the periprocedural risk for clinical events decreased. The clinical event risk was high only in stenting within 7 days and comparable with that for asymptomatic stenosis in stenting after 7 days from index event, although the radiological event risk was not affected by stenting timing. Therefore, our results suggest that delayed stenting after 7 days from symptom onset is a safe strategy for symptomatic stenosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2007

Purpose: Purpura fulminans is a rare but rapidly progressive, serious, often life-threatening disorder in childhood, which is complicated with septic shock or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy during acute infection. It occurs first as acute-onset petechial rash, and spreads rapidly into full thickness skin and soft tissue necrosis. In the past, it had high mortality rate, up to 80%, but recently, survival rate has increased due to early diagnosis, and rapid advancement of critical care and antibiotics. From our experiences of PF management, we would like to review the pathophysiology and suggest the surgical treatment guideline about meningococcal induced purpura fulminans. Methods: Two cases of purpura fulminans over the last 3 years were reviewed retrospectively about reconstructive management. After they were treated resuscitative management initially by the critical intensive care, reconstructive surgery was performed by plastic surgeon as soon as the patients were vitally and mentally stable. Results: There were 6 procedures in case 1, and 3 procedures in case 2. The mean delayed period from admission with sepsis to the first surgical debridement was 24 days and 42 days, respectively. Total hospitalization period was 103 days and 69 days, respectively. All of them were treated with debridement and split thickness skin graft, but delayed debridement was superior to early one in the point of preserving much more tissues. Conclusion: From our experience, we suggest that conservative therapy to the wounds appears to be the best tool in the initial vitally unstable period in order to preserve as much tissues and functions as possible if no active inflammation and compartment syndrome are detective.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2021

Background: Korean Red ginseng extract (KRGE) has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system by improving endothelial cell function. However, its pharmacological effect on endothelial cell senescence has not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we examined the effect and molecular mechanism of KRGE on the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: HUVECs were grown in normal or KRGE-supplemented medium. Furthermore, they were transfected with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene or treated with its inhibitor, a NF-κB inhibitor, and a miR-155-5p mimic or inhibitor. Senescence-associated characteristics of endothelial cells were determined by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Treatment of HUVECs with KRGE resulted in delayed onset and progression of senescence-associated characteristics, such as increased lysosomal acidic β-galactosidase and decreased telomerase activity, angiogenic dysfunction, and abnormal cell morphology. KRGE preserved the levels of anti-senescent factors, such as eNOS-derived NO, MnSOD, and cyclins D and A: however, it decreased the levels of senescence-promoting factors, such as ROS, activated NF-κB, endothelial cell inflammation, and p21 expression. The beneficial effects of KRGE were due to the induction of HO-1 and the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent biogenesis of miR-155-5p that led to the downregulation of eNOS. Moreover, treatment with inhibitors of HO-1, NF-κB, and miR-155-5p abolished the anti-senescence effects of KRGE. Conclusion: KRGE delayed or prevented HUVEC senescence through a signaling cascade involving the induction of HO-1, the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent miR-155-5p biogenesis, and the maintenance of the eNOS/NO axis activity, suggesting that it may protect against vascular diseases associated with endothelial senescence.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.258-269
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• 2018

2018년 6월 12일 충청북도 옥천군 소재 A고등학교에서 노로바이러스의 유행을 지연신고하는 사례가 발생하였고, 이에 대한 원인과 전파양식 등을 규명하고 예방 및 관리대책을 마련 하기 위하여 역학조사를 수행하였다. A고등학교 학생 183명을 대상으로 설문조사, 환례자 60명, 조리종사자 10명을 대상으로 세균 10종 및 바이러스 5종에 대한 검체검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사는 최초환자 발생일 6월 5일을 기준으로 3일 전인 6월 2일부터 12일까지의 식단을 이용하여 환자-대조군 조사를 시행하였다. 학생, 교직원, 조리종사자 785명 중 환례는 61명으로 노로바이러스의 발병률은 7.8% 이었다. 위험요인 분석에서 정수기 음용수가 유의한 변수이었다. 검체검사에서 학생 2명, 정수기 음용수, 환경검체에서 동일 유형의Norovirus GI-8이 검출되었다. 이번 유행의 원인으로 본관, 기숙사, 급식실 정수기 음용수가 오염되고 그로 인해 원인병원체 노로바이러스의 전파가 이루어졌다고 판단하였다. 이번 연구는 6월 5일 첫 환례자가 발생했음에도 신고가 7일이 경과한 6월 12일 지연신고 되어 장관감염증 확산 조기차단이 이루어지지 않아 환례자가 더 많이 발생한 것으로 추정된다. 향후 학교급식 시 발생하는 수인성 및 식품매개성질병으로부터 학생을 보호하고 집단발생을 예방하기 위하여 학생의 증상을 가장 우선적으로 파악이 가능한 담임선생님과 보건교사의 공조체제 개선, 보건교사 부재 시 대응방안, 보건교사의 학교 감염병 집단발생에 대한 인식제고를 위한 시스템 보완이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 또한 질병관리본부의 기본 역학조사서 서식에 지연신고에 대한 사유를 기록하는 항목을 추가하여 지연신고에 대한 원인에 대한 규명과 그에 따른 대책을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 1973

This paper presents the effect of chronic administration of psychotropic drugs on rats. The experimental animals were litter mates (average initial body weight $47{\pm}1.1g$) whose mother were bred at our laboratory. Each litter mate was treated as one group. Control animals were treated with tap water and each experimental group was treated with caffeine citrate 0.1%, nialamide 0.1%, ethyl alcohol 2.5%, phenobarbital sod. 0.1%, diphenylhydantoin 0.1%, chlorpromazine 0.1%, reserpine 0.005%, diazepam 0.01%, chlorpheniramine 0.01% solutions respectively in drinking water over a period of ten weeks. All rats were allowed food and drinking water ad libitum. The mortality rate and the per cent increase of body weight were recorded weekly throughout the course of the experiment. The effects of above agents on the pentobarbital sleeping time, gastric secretion, and brain and liver weights were studied at the end of ten weeks treatment. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Mortality rate was highest in the groups treated with phenobarbital and chlorpromazine respectively. Through the experimental period (ten weeks), the mortality rate was higher in earlier stage than in the later period. 2. During the period of prolonged administration of psychotropic drugs, only diazepam treated group showed remarkable difference in per cent increase of body weight from the control group of rats. 3. Acute treatment with psychotropic drugs delayed the onset of pentobarbital sleeping time. In contrast, the sleeping time was significantly shortened (p<0.001) when the rats were treated chronically with those agents. 4. The effects of chronic treatment with phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin on the gastric secretion are as follows: the total acidity was remarkably decreased while the pH was increased. 5. The brain weight was significantly decreased in the ethyl alchol and in the chlorpheniramine treated groups, in the mean time, there was no change in liver weight treated with any psychotropic drugs.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.105.3-106
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• 2003

Bacillus subtilis strain BAC02-4 was tested for its ability induced systemic resistance(ISR) in rice against Magnaporthe grisea We extend these studies to investigate the biological induction of systemic resistance in rice following treatment with the inducer isolate BAC02-4 and naturally infested with Pyricularia oryzae. We also determine levels of ISR activity during the period between disease development and the onset of systemic resistance. Comparition of lesion number according to applied concentration of BAC02-4 to 'Nagdongbyeo' when naturally infested with the conidia of P. grisea. Results from the blast nusery trial using the 'Nagdongbyeo' showed very low rice blast severity with the inducer concentration of 10$\^$8/ cfu level. Considering the low level of treatment and untreated control were observed to have developed typical susceptible lesion type. Highest protection against the rice blast pathogen when applied three times with 5 days interval as root drench at 5 to 6 leaf stage before pathogen challenge. But higher dose of bacterial inducer produced a little stunted plants with less number lesions and delayed disease development. Diseased leaf area of treated with suspension of the isolate which gave about 80％ of control efficacy at 20 days later comparable to that in noninfested, inducer-free soil.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.895-901
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• 2004

Single-phase convection and nucleate boiling heat transfer were locally investigated for confined planar water jets. The detailed distributions of the wall temperature and the convection coefficient as well as the typical boiling curves were discussed. The curve for the single-phase convection indicated the developing laminar boundary layer, accompanied by monotonic increase of the wall temperature in the stream direction. Boiling was initiated from the furthest downstream as heat flux increased. Heat transfer variation according to the streamwise location was reduced as heat flux increased enough to create the vigorous nucleate boiling. Velocity effects were considered for the confined free-surface jet. Higher velocity of the jet caused the boiling incipient to be delayed more. The transition to turbulence precipitated by the bubble-induced disturbance was obvious only for the highest velocity, which enabled the boiling incipient to start in the middle of the heated surface, rather than the furthest downstream as was the case of the moderate and low velocities. The temperature at offset line were somewhat tower than those at the centerline for single-phase convection and partial boiling, and these differences were reduced as the nucleate boiling developed. For the region prior to transition, the convection coefficient distributions were similar in both cases while the temperatures were somewhat lower in the submerged jet. For single-phase convection, transition was initiated at $x/W{\cong}2.5$ and completed soon for the submerged jet, but the onset of transition was retarded to the distance at $x/W{\cong}6$ for the fee-surface jet.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제8권1_2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1974

The patterns of renogram in patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever were evaluated with clinical course and renal hemodynamic changes in various clinical stages. The renal plasma flow was measured by hippuran blood clearance using $^{131}I$-ortho-iodohippurate and hippuran renogram was analysed by means of quantitative and qualitative methods in 26 patients of Korean hemorr hagic fever. The results obtained with this study were as follows; 1. During the oliguric phase of Korean hemorrhagic fever, the renogram showed non-functioning (flat) or obstructive pattern. The group of patients with non-functioning pattern of renogram had more severe impairement of renal function and grave prognosis than the group with obstructive pattern of renogram. 2. During the diuretic phase, the renogram showed obstructive or dysfunction or normal pattern, which was related with the recovery of renal function. Obstruction pattern of renogram was observed till the 2nd week of diuretic phase. Normal pattern of renogram began to appear by the 2nd week of diuretic phase. 3. During the convalescent phase of Korean hemorrhagic fever, 40% of patients showed dysfunnction pattern of renogram, and the recovery of abnormal renogram in Korean hemorrhagic fever was more delayed than the recovery of clinical features and laboratory findings. 4. The renogram showed normal pattern 6 months after onset of Korean hemorrhagic fever in all cases. 5. There was significant correlationship between the pattern of renogram and the decreace of renal plasma flow in the patients with Korean hemorrhagic fever. The decreace of renal plasma flow was maked in the patients with non-functioning pattern of renogram and was least in the patients with dysfunction pattern of renogram. All above results suggested that the renogram reflects the effective renal plasma flow and degree of renal impairement, and the renogram may be one of the important indexes which could give us a more precise prognosis in Korean hemorrhagic fever.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.293-303
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any beneficial effects of massage or microwave diathermy regarding delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and indices of muscle damage. Twenty-one adult women, randomly divided in two treatment groups and a control group, performed eccentric stepping exercise with the quadriceps until exhaustion. The treatment groups additionally performed massage or microwave diathermy after the stepping exercise. Pressure pain threshold measure for DOMS and muscle enzymes in the blood were obtained before, and 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. The results were as follows; 1. Eccentric exercise caused DOMS and elevations of muscle enzymes in the blood, with peak values exercise levels by 24 hours after exercise and GOT and CRP by 72 hours after exercise. DOMS and CK activity remained elevated 72 hours after exercise. 2. DOMS and blood muscle enzymes response to eccentric exercise were reduces by massage or micro diathermy therapy. DOMS was significantly decreased at 72 hours after exercise by massage and microwave diathermy. CK activity was significantly decreased at 72 hours after exercise by microwave diathermy. There was the significant reduction in LDH at 48 hours, GOT at 24, 48, 72 hours. and CRP at 24, 48 hours after exercise by massage and microwave diathermy. These results indicate that massage or microwave diathermy is had effect on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. In our's suggestion. microwave diathermy is particularly more appropriate therapeutic modality because it is more simple and economic than massage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2015

Purpose: Diencephalic syndrome is an uncommon cause of failure to thrive in early childhood that is associated with central nervous system neoplasms in the hypothalamic-optic chiasmatic region. It is characterized by complex signs and symptoms related to hypothalamic dysfunction; such nonspecific clinical features may delay diagnosis of the brain tumor. In this study, we analyzed a series of cases in order to define characteristic features of diencephalic syndrome. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 8 patients with diencephalic syndrome (age, 5-38 months). All cases had presented to Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1995 and 2013, with the chief complaint of poor weight gain. Results: Diencephalic syndrome with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm was identified in 8 patients. The mean age at which symptoms were noted was $18{\pm}10.5$ months, and diagnosis after symptom onset was made at the mean age of $11{\pm}9.7$ months. The mean z score was $-3.15{\pm}1.14$ for weight, $-0.12{\pm}1.05$ for height, $1.01{\pm}1.58$ for head circumference, and $-1.76{\pm}1.97$ for weight-for-height. Clinical features included failure to thrive (n=8), hydrocephalus (n=5), recurrent vomiting (n=5), strabismus (n=2), developmental delay (n=2), hyperactivity (n=1), nystagmus (n=1), and diarrhea (n=1). On follow-up evaluation, 3 patients showed improvement and remained in stable remission, 2 patients were still receiving chemotherapy, and 3 patients were discharged for palliative care. Conclusion: Diencephalic syndrome is a rare cause of failure to thrive, and diagnosis is frequently delayed. Thus, it is important to consider the possibility of a CNS neoplasm as a cause of failure to thrive and to ensure early diagnosis.