• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.338-342
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• 1998

Postural headache due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs without any diagnostic lumbar puncture, myelography, cranial or spinal injury, or spinal anesthesia. The clinical characteristics of the syndrome are disappearance of the headache or a notable decrease in its severity with recumbency, the finding of meningeal enhancement and subdural fluid collection on brain MRI, the pleocytosis and the increased CSF protein concentration. We report a case of a 40-year-old woman who exhibited the signs and symptoms of postural headache due to low CSF pressure. Her headache started suddenly at the occiput and radiated to frontal head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her brain showed enhancement of the meninges and subdural fluid collection. Intrathecal radionuclide cisternography showed the delayed appearance of the isotope in the cranium and the minimal CSF leak at the left upper thoracic region. Her headache was relieved completely after a lumbar (L2-L3) epidural injection of 12 ml of autologous blood and remained asymptomatic.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.4805-4811
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• 2016

Background: Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) less than 2 cm in diameter generally demonstrate a good outcome after curative therapy. However, the diagnosis of small HCC can be problematic and requires one or more dynamic imaging modalities. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity and agreement between CT and MRI for the diagnosis of small HCCs. Methods: CT and/or MRI scans of HCCs (1-2 cm) diagnosed by histopathology or typical vascular pattern according to the 2005 AASLD criteria were blindly reviewed by an abdominal radiologist. The reports were defined as conclusive/typical when arterial enhancement and washout during the portal/delayed phases were observed and as inconclusive when typical vascular patterns were not observed. The sensitivity and Cohen's kappa (k) for agreement were calculated. Results: In 27 patients, 27 HCC nodules (1-2 cm) were included. Diagnosis with a single-imaging modality (CT or MRI) was 81 % versus 48 % (p = 0.01). The CT sensitivity was significantly higher than MRI (78 % versus 52 %, p = 0.04). Among 27 nodules that underwent both CT and MRI, a discordance in typical enhancement patterns was found (k = 0.319, p = 0.05). In cases with inconclusive CT results, MRI gave only an additional 3.7 % sensitivity to reach a diagnosis. In contrast, further CT imaging following inconclusive MRI results gave an additional 29.6 % sensitivity.Conclusions: A single typical imaging modality is sufficient to diagnose small HCCs. Compared with MRI, multiphasic CT has a higher sensitivity. The limitations of MRI could be explained by the greater need for patient cooperation and the types of MRI contrast agent.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2012

최근, 이종 단말 및 네트워크간의 통신 환경에서도 one source, multi-user 서비스를 지원하기 위한 H.264 SE(scalable extension)가 차세대 멀티미디어 서비스를 위한 표준으로 자리매김 하고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 DRM 기법들은 네트워크 전송 환경 및 단말의 성능에 따라 전송 데이터 량을 가변하는 H.264 SE 시스템에는 합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 H.264 SE에 적합한 비디오 워터마킹과 암호화 기법을 결합한 정보보호 기법을 제안한다. 제안 논문에서 워터마크 삽입량 및 삽입 위치는 네트워크 및 단말의 상태에 따라 결정되는 enhancement layer들이 포함하는 프레임 수를 이용해 계산된다. 또한 비디오 워터마킹과 데이터 암호화로 인해 발생하는 비디오 부호화 과정에서의 시간지연을 최소화하기 위해 두 과정을 비디오 압축 시 동시에 수행한다. 실험 결과, 본 제안 기법은 비디오 압축 및 일반 신호 처리, 기하학적 처리에 강인함을 확인하였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

심장의 영상화에 장애가 되는 요인은 심장 운동, 호흡, 심장 내 혈류 등에 의한 인공물(artifact) 과 심장 조직의 용적이 작음으로 인한 낮은 신호 대 잡음비 등이 있다. 심장 운동에 의한 화질 저하를 막기 위해 신속영상기법(fast imaging technique) 을 이용하여 심장 운동의 특정 위상(phase) 에서만 영상을 얻는 심장동기(cardiac gating) 방법을 이용하고 있다. MRI를 이용한 심장의 검사는 심장의 형태, 심실 기능, 심근 관류, 심근 대사, 관상동맥 영상 등을 대상으로 한다. 심장의 형태적 진단에 있어서 심근내 수분의 정도와 지방조직을 보기 위해 이중(double) 혹은 삼중역전회복기법(triple inversion recovery technique) 을 사용한다. 심근관류검사를 위해서는 조영증강신속경사에코법(contrast-enhanced fast gradient echo technique)을 사용하여 일차통과조영증강(first-pass enhancement) 을 검사한다. 또한 10-15분 지연영상을 얻어 심근내 조영제의 재분포를 검사하여 만성심근경색 등의 심근파괴부위를 확인한다. 심실기능 평가를 위해서는 신속경사에 코법을 이용한 영화영상(cine image) 이 사용되며 심실의 국소적 운동이상 및 심실기능의 정량적 검사가 가능하다. MRI는 관상동맥영상을 제외한 포괄적 심장검사에 실용성이 있다. 특히 지연영상은 다른 검사장비에선 얻을수 없는 유용한 정보이다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1978

Modulating effects of Candida albicans on the immune responses of mice immunized with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) were assessed both by footpad tests for anaphylactic, Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity rections against homologous and heterologous antigenic challenges and by serum antibody titrations for hemagglutinin and hemolysin against SRBC. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the mice simultaneously immunzed with C. albicans and SRBC, anaphylactic type and Arthus type footpad reactions to C. albicans challenge were enhanced, and extents of the enhancements were proportional to the concentration of SRBC administered for immunization, reaching peak in mice immunized with 0.2ml($10^8$) of 5% SRBC suspension. Although a little enhancement of delayed type hypersensitivity to C. albicans was observed in those mice, there was no significant difference between the mice groups immunized either with SRBC alone or SRBC and C. albicans simultaneously. 2. Simultaneous immunization of mice with C. albicans and SRBC resulted in the suppression of both anaphylactic type and Arthus type footpad reactions to SRBC, and the extent of such suppressions was inversly proportional to the numbers of C. albicans administered for immunization. Delayed type reaction of the mice to SRBC varied little in regards to the different numbers of C. albicans injected. 3. Hemagglutinin titers differed little between the mice groups immunized with SRBC alone or with SRBC and C. albicans simultaneously. Hewever, hemolysin titers were lower in the mice immunized simultaneously with SRBC and C. albicans. 4. In the peripheral blood of mice immunized simultaneously with SRBC and C. albicnas. there observed increases in the percents of monocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and decrease in the numbers of lymphocytes and pyroninophilic lymphocytes. These results indicated that C. albicans is an immunosuppressant of the mice to SRBC when both anteigns were administered simultaneously for immunization, and that SRBC acted as an enhancer of anaphylactic type and Arthus type reaction of mice to C. albicans when administered simultaneously.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2006

Extracerebral cavernous hemangiomas are rare vascular tumors that are very difficult to remove because of severe intraoperative bleeding. We report a case of 57-year-old male with extracerebral cavernous hemangioma with review of 126 cases in the literature. Patient presented with blurred vision, diplopia, numbness on the left side of his face. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well defined mass of $3{\times}4{\times}3cm$ size with heterogenous iso-or hypointensity on T1-weighted image showing strong homogenous contrast enhancement and marked hyperintensity on T2-weighted image. Digital subtraction angiography[DSA] revealed a faint tumor blush by feeders from the left internal carotid artery[ICA] and left external carotid artery[ECA] in the delayed phase. Even with profuse intratumoral bleeding, near total removal was achieved. In addition to preoperative neurologic deficits such as ophthalmoplegia, facial numbness in the V1-2 dermatomes, ptosis appeared postoperatively.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.98-141
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• 2003

Lip chapping is a serious cosmetics problem, though remedies other than moisturizing have not been proposed. We investigated changes in the surface configurations of lip corneocytes and increased CD activity and improved chapping severity. Our results suggest that lip chapping can be activities of desquamation-regulating proteinases associated with lip chapping. Using scanning electron microscopy, villus-like projections were observed on the inner surfaces of most corneocytes from normal lips, whereas those with flatter surface were predominant in chapped lips. Further, cell surface area increased with the severity of lip chapping. Cathepsin D (CD)-like and chymotrypsin-like proteinase, which are also present in skin as desquamation-regulating proteinases, were detected in lip corneocytes, though only CD activity was found to decrease in severely chapped lips. Hydration was also lower in areas of lip chapping. Sequential topical application of apricot extract essence characterized as similar to senile xerosis rather than dry skin such as winter xerosis, as it shows a delayed transition of corneocytes through the stratum corneum, and the reduced CD activity may be one of the mechanisms that is further decreased by low hydration. We propose that an enhancement of both CD activity and lip moisture may be effective to improve lip chapping.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.863-879
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze task commitment types of science learning in high school students' biology classification. Thirty students were selected as the representatives of five task commitment types according to task commitment type inventory scores. They participated in think-aloud biology classification task. To analyze the procedural characteristics of task commitment, a coding scheme and think-aloud task were developed. Characteristics of respective task commitment types were identified from the result of the think-aloud protocol coding analysis. They are TGC(task goal commitment) type, LGC(low goal commitment) type, CC(conditional commitment) type, SC(suspended commitment) type, and DC(delayed commitment) type. Findings gained from this study are expected to serve as the foundation of task commitment enhancement strategies and as the information on the characteristics of each task commitment type. Also, future studies are required to investigate the commitment-related properties not only in biology classification but also in other science learning situations.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.215-218
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• 2015

Occasionally, unexpected neurological deficits occur after lumbar spinal surgery. We report a case of monoparesis after lumbar decompressive surgery. A 63-year-old man, who had undergone decompression of L4-5 for spinal stenosis 4 days previously in the other hospital, visted the emergency department with progressive weakness in the left leg and hypoesthesia below sensory level T7 on the right side. He had been cured of lung cancer with chemotherapy and radiation therapy 10 years previously, but detailed information of radiotherapy was not available. Whole spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed fatty marrow change from T1 to T8, most likely due to previous irradiation. The T2-weighted MR image showed a high-signal T4-5 spinal cord lesion surrounded by a low signal rim, and the T1-weighted MR image showed focal high signal intensity with focal enhancement. The radiological diagnosis was vascular disorders with suspicious bleeding. Surgical removal was refused by the patient. With rehabilitation, the patient could walk independently without assistance 2 months later. Considering radiation induced change at thoracic vertebrae, vascular disorders may be induced by irradiation. If the spinal cord was previously irradiated, radiation induced vascular disorders needs to be considered.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권12A호
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2007

IEEE 802.11b 무선 네트워크에서 스테이션들이 저전력 모드로 동작할 때, 스테이션들은 액세스 포인트 (AP)가 주기적으로 전송하는 비콘(beacon)을 수신하여 동기를 맞춘다. 예정된 시각에 무선채널이 사용 중인 경우 AP에서 비콘 전송이 지연되므로, 스테이션은 비콘을 수신하기 위해 충분한 시간 동안 깨어있어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 수신된 비콘의 지연시간을 측정하여 다음 비콘을 수신하기 위해 스테이션이 깨어있어야 할 시간을 결정하는 방법을 제안한다. AP에서 비콘의 전송지연에 대해 분석하였다. 제안된 방법에 대해 모의실험이 수행되었고 분석을 통해 제안된 방법의 특성을 설명하였다. 스테이션이 깨어있는 시간으로 측정된 결과는 에너지 소모가 개선될 수 있음을 보여준다.