• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.584-588
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• 2011

In this work, effects of limestone powder on hydration of $C_3A-CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ system was discussed based on the XRD Quantitative analysis, and the possibility of Delayed Ettringite Formation was also discussed. The early hydration of $C_3A$ was delayed by addition of $CaCO_3$ powder. The delay effect was enhanced by increasing of $CaCO_3$ content and finer powder of $CaCO_3$ addition. After consumption of $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$, the reaction of $CaCO_3$ is started. Delayed Ettringite Formation would take place because monosulfoaluminate is not stable in presence of $CaCO_3$. In order to prevent the delayed ettringite formation in $C_3A-CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O-CaCO_3$ system, the reduction of monosulfoaluminate formation is important. Therefore, by increasing the amount of $CaCO_3$ addition and finer $CaCO_3$ powder addition, the delayed ettringite formation can be prevented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.389-400
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• 1997

This study examined the effects of group social support on the reduction of burden and increase in well-being of mothers of developmentally delayed children. The research used a one group pre-pose experimental design. The independent variable in the experiment was group social support. Two series of 4-weekly meetings for group social support were conducted by the researcher with the intention of developing a self-help group. The dependent variables were burden and well-being. Well-being was operationalized as physical symptoms and quality of life. Thirty mothers of developmentally delayed infants from the rehabilitation center of a medical center participated in the study. Data were collected by interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the subjects was 29.9 years. Changes of the dependent variables between pre and post tests were compared using the t-test. Even though there was a slight improvement in the scores for the dependent variables, they were not statistically significant. The items, "I resent my baby". "I feel angry about my interactions with my baby", "I feel guilty in my relationship with my baby" showed a significant decrease in burden score and were statistically significant. Symptoms of loneliness, constipation, anxiety, restlessness were less and feeling of happiness was greater after participation in the group social support, than on the pretest. The mothers showed emotional instability and frustrations during the group sessions but their reactions in general were positive. Emotional support, stress management and information provided were identified as the most valuable content of the sessions. However, participation was not active due to the mother's denial, delayed acceptance and /or avoidance of their infants' problems. It can be seen that group social support for the mothers with developmentally delayed children should be provided after infancy when the mothers have time to accept their children's conditions and are ready to receive support. The use of comprehensive instruments which measure burden in both families and mothers needs to be developed for future research.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.744-749
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• 1986

Even in the hands of the expert endoscopists, an occasional instrumental perforation of the esophagus occurs. But instrumental perforation of the esophagus should not be difficult to diagnose if the possibility is borne in mind. Occasionally patient with esophageal perforations show little reaction at first, but usually they develop systemic manifestation if surgical management is delayed. Early surgical drainage of esophageal perforation is very important & effective therapeutic method. The delayed surgical treatment of esophageal perforation would have increased the morbidity & mortality by allowing mediastinitis & empyema thoracis. We have experienced 6 cases of delayed surgical management of instrumental perforation of esophagus from May 1974 to April 1986 in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Yonsei University, college of the medicine. The ages ranged from 4 years to 57 years. The underlying esophageal diseases consisted of esophageal stricture in 3 cases, foreign bodies in the esophagus in 2 cases and esophageal ca. in one case. Most clinical manifestations on admission were high fever, chest discomfort, chest pain, dysphagia and subcutaneous emphysema. Most complications due to esophageal rupture were acute mediastinitis with or without empyema thoracis. Failure to diagnose promptly and failure to promptly institute adequate treatment undoubtedly were largely responsible for this patients death. All 6 patients had been taken delayed surgical drainage more than 24 hours following esophageal perforation. One patient had been in the open drainage state for long time and the another patient has been in the tracheostomy with postintubation vocal cord ulceration. The third patient died due to respiratory failure and sepsis due to fulminant mediastinitis & empyema thoracis. Even if the patients with esophageal perforation have been taken delayed surgical management, the patients should be survived with aggressive & effective surgical drainage with intensive post-operative care.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1994

This experiment was canied out to study -the effects of different seeding date on the yields and nutritional value of Pearl millet. Seeding dates were $S_1$,$S_2$,$S_3$,$S_4$, and $S_5$, and harvest dates were $S_1$, (7 July) and $S_2$, (18Augst), respectively. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Plant length was not influenced by seeding date at each harvest. The seeding date at $S_4$,showed the longest plant length of 90.4 an on average per year, which was longer by 17 cm compared to 73.3 cm harvested at $S_5$. 2. Total dry matter yield was not significantly different among seeding dates. Total dry matter yield in 1993 increased according to delayed seeding date from $S_1$ to $S_4$. Dry matter yield of 17.3 tonha was obtained in $S_4$. 3. The relative yield of leaf tended to increase with delayed seeding date, and varied from 60% to 69%. 4. Dry matter ratio decreased with delayed seeding date from $S_1$,(20 April) to $S_5$ (30 May), and varied from 15.6% to 12.3%. 5. Crude protein content of leaf at 1st and 2nd harvest and stem at 1st harvest were significantly different among various seeding dates. Avenge crude protein content increased with delayed seeding date from 9.0% at $S_1$ (20April) to 12.8% at (30 May) $S_5$ (30 May). 6. NDF and ADF of leaf at the 1st harvested were significantly different among seeding dates. NDF content decreased with delayed seeding date from 61.9% to 57.8%, and ADF content decreased with delayed seeding date from 34.8% to 32.2%.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of both general hold-relax techniques and hold-relax techniques using pumping on pain due to delayed muscle pain and on the range of motion (ROM) of joints. Methods: Thirty-nine young adult males and females were randomly assigned either to a hold-relax technique application group of 20 subjects or to a group of 19 subjects with hold-relax techniques applied using a pumping application. Tenderness thresholds, the ROM of joints, and pain intensities were measured on the biceps of the nondominant arm of the subjects in both groups before exercises were performed to induce delayed muscle pain. Tenderness thresholds were again measured 24hours, 48hours, and 72 hours after inducing delayed muscle pain. The relevant intervention methods were applied to the two groups after conducting the measurement at 48hours. As a statistical analysis method, repeated measure ANOVAs were conducted to examine the tenderness thresholds, ROMs of elbow joints, and pain intensities in the individual groups at the time points. Results: At 48 hours and 72 hours after application of the interventions, the general hold-relax technique application group showed greater changes in the tenderness thresholds, the ROMs of elbow joints, and the pain intensities than did the group applying hold-relax techniques using a pumping application (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the application of hold-relax techniques is thought to have beneficial effects on pain resulting from delayed muscle pain and on limited ROMs of joints.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to report the effect in treating a patient with delayed union of 4th toe distal phalanx fracture with a combination of Korean Medicine treatment. We treated the patient with acupuncture, cupping, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine, from March 3, 2018 to June 25, 2018 (total 33 times). The numeric rating scale (NRS), X-ray were applied as outcome measures. After complex Korean medicine treatment was carried out, delayed union of 4th toe distal phalanx fracture was improved and pain was reduced. This result shows that Korean medicine treatment may be an effective option for delayed union. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify the effect of Korean medicine treatment on delayed union.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.957-966
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• 2019

Carbon monoxide intoxication leads to hypoxia, which eventually leads to tissue ischemia. Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS) can be a consequence and appears in the form of cognitive impairment and movement disorders after a lucid interval. A 58-year-old Korean male was admitted to our hospital with delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after an 11-day lucid interval following recovery from acute carbon monoxide intoxication. We treated him with herbal medication, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and moxibustion. The effects were assessed by the activity index and Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K) scores, and by changes in gait disturbance. In this case, the clinical symptoms, including gait disturbance, and the activity index and MMSE-K scores, improved after traditional Korean treatment. The findings of this case report suggest that traditional Korean medicine treatment can be effective for treatment of symptoms of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae due to CO intoxication.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.190-194
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• 2019

Background: The duration of immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and the optimal time to commence rehabilitation are still the subject of ongoing debates. This study was undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome and rotator cuff healing status after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by comparing early and delayed rehabilitation. Methods: Totally, 76 patients with small, medium, and large sized rotator cuff tears underwent arthroscopic repair using the suturebridge technique. In early rehabilitation group, 38 patients commenced passive range of motion at postoperative day 2 whereas 38 patients assigned to the delayed rehabilitation group commenced passive range of motion at postoperative week 3. At the end of the study period, clinical and functional evaluations (Constant score, the University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] shoulder score) were carried out, subsequent to measuring the range of motion, visual analogue scale for pain, and isokinetic dynamometer test. Rotator cuff healing was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging at least 6 months after surgery. Results: No significant difference was obtained in range of motion and visual analogue scale between both groups. Functional outcomes showed similar improvements in the Constant score (early: 67.0-88.0; delayed: 66.9-91.0; p<0.001) and the UCLA shoulder score (early: 20.3-32.3; delayed: 20.4-32.4; p<0.001). Furthermore, rotator cuff healing showed no significant differences between the groups (range, 6-15 months; average, 10.4 months). Conclusions: Delayed passive rehabilitation does not bring about superior outcomes. Therefore, early rehabilitation would be useful to help patients resume their daily lives.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined whether the infant feeding type and duration are related to the introduction of complementary feeding, and whether the appropriate introduction of complementary feeding in infancy is related to tooth decay in toddlers. Methods: The subjects were 1,521 toddlers among 2~3 year old children in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015. The toddlers were divided into the appropriate group (4~6 months) and delayed group (>6 months) according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction. Results: The delayed group were 26.5% of subjects and the formula feeding period in the appropriate group and delayed group was 8.4 and 10.3 months, respectively (P=0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in the breastfeeding period between the appropriate group and delayed group (P=0.6955). Early childhood caries was more common in the delayed group (P=0.0065). The delayed introduction of complementary feeding was associated with a risk of early childhood caries according to the logistic models (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27-2.57). Conclusions: The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with early childhood caries. Therefore, the importance of the proper introduction of complementary feeding in infancy should be emphasized, and public relations and education for maternal care and breastfeeding should be provided through health care institutions.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2024

Purpose: Ankle fracture fixation is the gold standard of treatment but it does have its own complications. There is inadequate data regarding the comparative effectiveness of early vs. delayed fixation for open ankle fracture outcomes. This study compares the clinical and functional outcomes of open ankle fractures treated by early or delayed definitive fixation and identifies the limitations of both methods. Materials and Methods: All 73 patients enrolled in the study underwent surgical intervention within 24 hours of injury. The early fixation group (group A) consisting of 39 patients underwent definitive fixation as an index procedure, while the delayed fixation group (group B) consisted of 34 patients who underwent debridement and external fixator application as an index procedure and definitive fixation when soft tissue condition was conducive. All patients were evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively and then three monthly for a year. Results: Enneking and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were markedly higher in the early fixation group at 6 months postoperatively (p-values <0.001 and 0.011, respectively). However, no discernible intergroup difference was evident at 12 months postoperatively. Between 6 and 12 months, group functional outcome scores were significantly different. At 6 months, there was a substantial difference in dorsiflexion between the two groups (p-values 0.001 and <0.001, respectively), but no difference was observed at 12 months postoperatively. At 6 and 12 months, group average plantar flexions were non-significantly different. Conclusion: Early definitive fixation of complex ankle fractures using a targeted approach produced promising results for lower grade open fractures (grades 1 and 2), and delayed definitive fixation, after initial external fixation to allow for soft tissue stabilization, produced promising results for higher grade open fractures (grades 3A and 3B). At 12-month follow-ups, clinical and functional outcomes achieved using these strategies were equivalent.