• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제10권10호
• /
• pp.715-720
• /
• 2000

MCFC 작동온도인 $650^{\circ}C$에서 음극의 creep과 소결에 의한 구조적 변형을 막기 위해 기계적 합금법에 의한 Ni-WC분말을 합금화하여 변형에 대한 저항성을 증대시키고자 하였다. 80시간동안 어트리션 밀링을 실시한 분말은 XRD 분석결과 결정규칙이 파괴된 비정질 상을 보였다. 제조된 분말은 적당한 점도의 슬러리로 제조후 테이프 캐스팅법에 의해 green sheet를 제조하였다. 제조된 박판의 두께는 0.9mm였고, 평균 기공 크기는 $3~5{\mu\textrm{m}}$, 기공율은 55%였다. 소결체의 XRD 분석결과 2차성은 생성되지 않았으며, SEM 및 dot-Mapping image를 통해 Ni matrix 안에 W 입자가 미세하고 균일하게 분포되어 있어 고용강화 및 분산강화를 통해 Ni 음극의 기계적 특성을 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.552-561
• /
• 2012

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been widely used in many industrial applications because of their outstanding mechanical and chemical properties like hardness, wear resistance, lubricous property, chemical stability, and uniformity of deposition. Also, DLC films coated on paper, polymer, and metal substrates have been extensively used. In this work, in order to improve the printing quality and plate wear of polymer printing plates, different deposition conditions were used for depositing DLC on the polymer printing plates using the Pulsed DC PECVD method. The deposition temperature of the DLC films was under $100^{\circ}C$, in order to prevent the deformation of the polymer plates. The properties of each DLC coating on the polymer concave printing plate were analyzed by measuring properties such as the roughness, surface morphology, chemical bonding, hardness, plate wear resistance, contact angle, and printing quality of DLC films. From the results of the analysis of the properties of each of the different DLC deposition conditions, the deposition conditions of DLC + F and DLC + Si + F were found to have been successful at improving the printing quality and plate wear of polymer printing plates because the properties were improved compared to those of polymer concave printing plates.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.589-592
• /
• 2005

Micro-forming is a suited technology to manufacture very small metallic parts(several $mm{\sim}{\mu}m$). Micro-forming of $Zr_{62}Cu_{17}Ni_{13}Al_8$ bulk metallic glass(BMG) as a candidate material for this developing process are feasible at a relatively low stress in the supercooled liquid state without any crystallization during hot deformation. In this study, micro-formability of a representative bulk metallic glass, $Zr_{62}Cu_{17}Ni_{13}Al_8$, was investigated for micro-forging of U-shape pattern. Micro-formability was estimated by comparing $R_f$ values $(=A_f/A_g)$, where Ag is cross-sectional area of U groove, and $A_f$ the filled area by material. Microforging process was simulated and analyzed by applying finite element method. FEM simulation results should reasonable agreement with the experimental results when the material properties and simulation conditions such as top die speed, remeshing criteria and boundary conditions tightly controlled. The micro-formability of $Zr_{62}Cu_{17}Ni_{13}Al_8$ was increased with increasing load and time in the temperature range of the supercooled liquid state. Also, FEM Simulation using DEFORM was confirmed to be applicable for the micro-forming process simulation.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1229-1242
• /
• 2005

When natural rubber is used for a long period of time, it becomes aged; it usually becomes hardened and loses its damping capability. This aging process affects not only the material property but also the (fatigue) life of natural rubber. In this paper the aging effects on the material property and the fatigue life were experimentally investigated. In addition, several fatigue life prediction equations for natural rubber were proposed. In order to investigate the aging effects on the material property, the load-stretch ratio curves were plotted from the results of the tensile test, the compression test and the simple shear test for virgin and heat-aged rubber specimens. Rubber specimens were heat-aged in an oven at a temperature ranging from $50^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ for a period ranging from 2 days to 16 days. In order to investigate the aging effects on the fatigue life, fatigue tests were conducted for differently heat-aged hourglass-shaped and simple shear specimens. Moreover, finite element simulations were conducted for the specimens to calculate physical quantities occurring in the specimens such as the maximum value of the effective stress, the strain energy density, the first invariant of the Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and the maximum principal nominal strain. Then, four fatigue life prediction equations based on one of the physical quantities could be obtained by fitting the equations to the test data. Finally, the fatigue life of a rubber bush used in an automobile was predicted by using the prediction equations, and it was compared with the test data of the bush to evaluate the reliability of those equations.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.68-72
• /
• 1977

충격방법(衝擊方法)에 의(依)하여 고추씨를 분리(分離)할 수 있으나 그 수율(收率)을 45%이상(以上) 올릴 수는 없었다. 따라서 보다 높은 씨분리수율(分離收率)을 이룩하기 위하여 고추 조직(組織)에 대(對)한 가열효과(加熱效果)를 시도(試圖)한 결과(結果) 씨의 분리(分離)가 용이(容易)하게 이룩될 수 있는 고추 내(內)의 공격(空隔)이 증가(增加)되었다. 이와같은 가열효과(加熱效果)를 씨의 분리(分離)에 이용(利用)키 위하여 회전사식원통형(回轉篩式圓筒型) 씨분리기(機)에 $65^{\circ}C$, 0.61m/sec의 열풍(熱風)을 송입(送入)하면서 씨를 분리(分離)할 경우 93%까지 분리수율(分離收率)을 높일수 있었다. 열풍하(熱風下)에서의 씨의 분리(分離)는 고추의 절단부위(切斷部位)에 따라 차이(差異)는 있었으나 고추 건조(乾燥)가 완료(完了)되기 이전(以前)에 씨의 분리(分離)를 완료(完了)할 수 있었으므로, 동시탈종(同時脫種) 건조방법(乾燥方法)이라는 새로운 고추의 가공방법(加功方法)을 개발(開發)하게 되었다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제47권10호
• /
• pp.695-704
• /
• 2019

극초음속 비행체의 경우 고속으로 이동하는 유체와 구조물 표면사이의 마찰에 의해 공력 가열현상이 발생하며, 이로 인해 구조물의 강성이 저하되고 열 변형이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 물리적인 현상들은 비행체의 열공탄성학적인 불안정성을 초래할 수 있으며, 이와 더불어 구조물의 열적 안전성 감소시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 비행고도/비행시간/마하수를 변화시켜가며 공력열탄성학적 연계해석을 수행하고, 해석된 결과를 이용하여 구조물의 열적 안전성과 동적 안정성에 대해 고찰을 하였다. 구조물의 동적 안전성을 판별하기 위해 계산된 변위와 자동회귀이동평균 기법을 이용하였으며, 내열 안전성은 계산된 온도와 구조물의 녹는점을 비교를 통해 판별을 하였다. 이를 통해 극초음속 비행체의 구조 건전성을 확보하기 위한 설계 방향을 제시하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.99-117
• /
• 2015

The Stonecutters Bridge (SCB) in Hong Kong is the third-longest cable-stayed bridge in the world with a main span stretching 1,018 m between two 298 m high single-leg tapering composite towers. A Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) is being implemented on SCB by the Highways Department of The Hong Kong SAR Government, and the SCB-WASHMS is composed of more than 1,300 sensors in 15 types. In order to establish a linkage between structural health monitoring and maintenance management, a Structural Health Rating System (SHRS) with relevant rating tools and indices is devised. On the basis of a 3D space frame finite element model (FEM) of SCB and model updating, this paper presents the development of an SHR-oriented 3D multi-scale FEM for the purpose of load-resistance analysis and damage evaluation in structural element level, including modeling, refinement and validation of the multi-scale FEM. The refined 3D structural segments at deck and towers are established in critical segment positions corresponding to maximum cable forces. The components in the critical segment region are modeled as a full 3D FEM and fitted into the 3D space frame FEM. The boundary conditions between beam and shell elements are performed conforming to equivalent stiffness, effective mass and compatibility of deformation. The 3D multi-scale FEM is verified by the in-situ measured dynamic characteristics and static response. A good agreement between the FEM and measurement results indicates that the 3D multi-scale FEM is precise and efficient for WASHMS and SHRS of SCB. In addition, stress distribution and concentration of the critical segments in the 3D multi-scale FEM under temperature loads, static wind loads and equivalent seismic loads are investigated. Stress concentration elements under equivalent seismic loads exist in the anchor zone in steel/concrete beam and the anchor plate edge in steel anchor box of the towers.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.505-534
• /
• 2012

The present work deals with second order statistics of post buckling response of piezoelectric laminated composite cylindrical shell panel subjected to hygro-thermo-electro-mechanical loading with random system properties. System parameters such as the material properties, thermal expansion coefficients and lamina plate thickness are assumed to be independent of the temperature and electric field and modeled as random variables. The piezoelectric material is used in the forms of layers surface bonded on the layers of laminated composite shell panel. The mathematical formulation is based on higher order shear deformation shell theory (HSDT) with von-Karman nonlinear kinematics. A efficient $C^0$ nonlinear finite element method based on direct iterative procedure in conjunction with a first order perturbation approach (FOPT) is developed for the implementation of the proposed problems in random environment and is employed to evaluate the second order statistics (mean and variance) of the post buckling load of piezoelectric laminated cylindrical shell panel. Typical numerical results are presented to examine the effect of various environmental conditions, amplitude ratios, electrical voltages, panel side to thickness ratios, aspect ratios, boundary conditions, curvature to side ratios, lamination schemes and types of loadings with random system properties. It is observed that the piezoelectric effect has a significant influence on the stochastic post buckling response of composite shell panel under various loading conditions and some new results are presented to demonstrate the applications of present work. The results obtained using the present solution approach is validated with those results available in the literature and also with independent Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS).

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2019

한국형 달 궤도선(Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter, KPLO)에 탑재되는 달 표면지형 광학관측기(Lunar Terrian Imager, LUTI)의 열설계를 수행하고, 열해석을 통하여 열설계의 건전성을 검증하였다. 달 임무궤도의 열환경은 지구궤도와 달리 달 표면의 IR 복사가 중요하므로 이를 열설계에 반영하여야 한다. 위성 외부에 노출되는 부품이나 모듈은 가능한 MLI로 단열시키지만 경통이나 방열판은 기능상 노출되므로 복사형상계수의 개념을 이용한 thermal shield를 전면에 장착함으로써 IR 복사를 완화시킨다. 태양복사를 거의 받지 않는 방열판의 전면부는 IR 방사율이 중요하며, 경통과 같이 열변형에 취약한 부품은 복사히터를 사용하여 온도구배를 최소화시킨다. 열해석 결과분석을 통하여 LUTI의 열설계는 다양한 상황에서 안정적임을 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.392-397
• /
• 2019

A cold roll-bonding process is applied to fabricate an AA6061/AA5052/AA6061 three-layer clad sheet. Two AA6061 and one AA5052 sheets of 2 mm thickness, 40 mm width, and 300 mm length are stacked, with the AA5052 sheet located in the center. After surface treatment such as degreasing and wire brushing, sample is reduced to a thickness of 1.5 mm by multi-pass cold rolling. The rolling is performed at ambient temperature without lubricant using a 2-high mill with a roll diameter of 400 mm at rolling speed of 6.0 m/sec. The roll bonded AA6061/AA5052/AA6061 complex sheet is then hardened by natural aging(T4) and artificial aging(T6) treatments. The microstructures of the as-roll bonded and age-hardened Al complex sheets are revealed by optical microscopy; the mechanical properties are investigated by tensile testing and hardness testing. After rolling, the roll-bonded AA6061/AA5052/AA6061 sheets show a typical deformation structure in which grains are elongated in the rolling direction. However, after T4 and T6 aging treatment, there is a recrystallization structure consisting of coarse equiaxed grains in both AA5052 and AA6061 sheets. The as roll-bonded specimen shows a sandwich structure in which an AA5052 sheet is inserted into two AA6061 sheets with higher hardness. However, after T4 and T6 aging treatment, there is a different sandwich structure in which the hardness of the upper and lower layers of the AA6061 sheets is higher than that of the center of the AA5052 sheet. The strength values of the T4 and T6 age-treated specimens are found to increase by 1.3 and 1.4 times, respectively, compared to that value of the starting material.