• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2020

High-temperature mechanical behaviors of Type 316L stainless steel (SS), which is considered as one of the major structural materials of Generation-IV nuclear reactors, were investigated through the tension and creep tests at elevated temperatures. The tension tests were performed under the strain rate of 6.67×10^-4 (1/s) from room temperature to 650℃, and the creep tests were conducted under different applied stresses at 550℃, 600℃, 650℃, and 700℃. The tensile behavior was investigated, and the modeling equations for tensile strengths and elongation were proposed as a function of temperature. The creep behavior was analyzed in terms of various creep equations: Norton's power law, modified Monkman-Grant relation, damage tolerance factor(λ), and Z-parameter, and the creep constants were proposed. In addition, the tested tensile and creep strengths were compared with those of RCC-MRx. Results showed that creep exponent value decreased from n=13.55 to n=7.58 with increasing temperature, λ = 6.3, and Z-parameter obeyed well a power-law form of Z=5.79E52(σ/E)^9.12. RCC-MRx showed lower creep strength and marginally different in creep strain rate, compared to the tested results. Same creep deformation was operative for dislocation movement regardless of the temperatures.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2005

The apparent activation energy Qc, the applied stress exponent n, and rupture life have been determined from creep test results of AZ31 Mg alloy over the temperature range of 200$^{\circ}C$ to 300$^{\circ}C$ and the stress range of 23.42 MPa to 93.59 MPa, respectively, in order to investigate the creep behavior. Constant load creep tests were carried out in the equipment including automatic temperature controller with data acquisition computer. At the temperature of $200^{\circ}C{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ and under the stress level of 62.43~93.59 MPa, and at around the temperature of $280^{\circ}C{\sim}300^{\circ}C$ and under the stress level of 23.42~39.00 MPa, the creep behavior obeyed a simple power-law relating steady state creep rate to applied stress and the activation energy fur the creep deformation was nearly equal to that of the self diffusion of Mg alloy including aluminum From the above results, at the temperature of $200^{\circ}C{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ the creep deformation for AZ31 Mg alloy seemed to be controlled by dislocation climb but controlled by dislocation glide at $280^{\circ}C{\sim}300^{\circ}C$ .And relationship beween rupture time and stress at around the temperature of $200^{\circ}C{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ and under the stress level of 62.43~93.59 MPa, and again at around the temperature of $280^{\circ}C{\sim}300^{\circ}C$ and under the stress level of 23.42~39.00 MPa, respectively, appeard as fullow; log$\sigma$=-0.18(T+460)(logtr+21)+5.92, log$\sigma$ = -0.25(T+460)(logtr+21)+8.02 Also relationship beween rupture time and steady state creep rate appears as follow; ln$\dot$ =-0.881ntr-2.45

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

목적: 각종 기계 부품에 주로 사용되는 9% Ni 합금강의 고온 크리프 시험과 그 시편들의 파단면을 관찰하고 Larson-Miller 변수를 적용하여 상수 C값을 결정하여 합금강의 수명을 예측하는데 있다. 방법: 본 시험의 장치는 Andrade와 F. Garofalo 등이 고안한 레버-빔 형으로 제작되었고, 크리프시험 설정조건은 시험편에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 4가지의 온도조건과 4가지 응력조건을 설정하여 16가지의 조건 하에서 시험을 실시하였다. 결과: 크리프 시험온도가 증가함에 따라 크리프 변형에 따른 응력의 멱지수(n)는 3.97에서 3.55로 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 크리프 변형의 활성화에너지는 응력이 증가함에 따라 90.39에서 83.64 kcal/mol로 점진적으로 감소하였다. Larson-Miller 변수의 계산에 의한 상수 C값은 약 22로 계산되었으며, 사용온도가 제시되면 그 수명을 예측할 수 있다. 파단면의 SEM 측정결과 저온과 고온의 경우는 입내파단에 의한 취성파괴 현상이 나타났으며, 중간정도 온도영역에서는 입계파단에 의한 연성파괴현상이 나타났으며, 일부에서는 딤풀현상도 나타났다. 결론: 9% Ni 합금강에 대한 고온 크리프시험과 그 시편들의 파단면을 관찰한 결과를 제시하여 그 파괴현상을 분석함으로써 설비분야의 부품활용에 대한 기초설계 자료를 구축하여 장비의 수명예측에 유용하게 응용될 수 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

아스팔트 바인더 Stiffness와 혼합물의 변형강도 및 동적크리프 특성과의 상관성 분석을 토대로 혼합물의 소성변형 저항성 (내변형성) 추정을 위한 Kim test의 적용성을 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 골재 2종류, AC 60-80 및 이를 개질한 총 8종류의 바인더로 총 16가지 혼합물을 제조하였다. DSR로 각 바인더의 $G^*/sine\delta$를 측정하였으며 Kim test의 변형강도와 동적크리프 시험의 최종변위(FD)와 동적안정도(DS)를 각 혼합물로부터 측정하였다. 바인더의 $G^*/sine\delta$와 소성변형 관련 3가지 특성($S_D$. FD, DS)과의 상관성 분석 결과 $G^*/sine\delta$와 $S_D$와 상관성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다 $(R^2=0.88)$ 이는 혼합물에 내재해 있는 내변형성의 차이를 Kim test가 더 잘 구분해 낼 수 있음을 의미한다. 또한 DS와 $S_D$의 회귀분석 결과, $R^2$이 약 0.84 이상을 보여 변형강도는 동적크리프 시험의 동적안정도와 좋은 상관성을 가짐을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 아스팔트 혼합물의 내변형성 평가시 Kim test의 활용 가능성이 매우 높음을 확인하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.605-606
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• 2008

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.262-262
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• 1990

In order to check the effect of dislocation behavior on creep rate in 12% Chromium steel, 14 samples of different compositions were examined by creep rupture test, and subgrain sizes, distribution of dislocations and precipitates were checked. And, authors reviewed the behaviors of dislocations, the formation and growth of subgrains and precipitates during creep. The results are as the following: 1) Creep rates calculated by .epsilon. over dot = .rho.bv show 10-15% higher values than actual data measured. However, authors conclude that the density and velocity of dislocations together with subgrain size are important factors governing deformation during creep in 12% chromium steel. 2) The values of the strength of obstacles in the mobility of dislocations are more clearly depended on the effective stress in the range of $10{\pm}5kgf/mm^{2}$ and increase with the increase of temperature. 3) Creep rates decrease with the smaller sizes of subgrains formed and can result in the longer creep rupture lives(hours). The smaller subgrains can be made by forming shorter free gliding distances of dislocations with very fine precipitates formed in the matrix during creep by applying proper alloy design. 4) Dislocation mobility gets hindered by precipitates occurring, which are coarsened by the softening process governed by diffusion during long time creep.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 1990

In order to check the effect of dislocation behavior on creep rate in 12% Chromium steel, 14 samples of different compositions were examined by creep rupture test, and subgrain sizes, distribution of dislocations and precipitates were checked. And, authors reviewed the behaviors of dislocations, the formation and growth of subgrains and precipitates during creep. The results are as the following: 1) Creep rates calculated by .epsilon. over dot = .rho.bv show 10-15% higher values than actual data measured. However, authors conclude that the density and velocity of dislocations together with subgrain size are important factors governing deformation during creep in 12% chromium steel. 2) The values of the strength of obstacles in the mobility of dislocations are more clearly depended on the effective stress in the range of $10{\pm}5kgf/mm^{2}$ and increase with the increase of temperature. 3) Creep rates decrease with the smaller sizes of subgrains formed and can result in the longer creep rupture lives(hours). The smaller subgrains can be made by forming shorter free gliding distances of dislocations with very fine precipitates formed in the matrix during creep by applying proper alloy design. 4) Dislocation mobility gets hindered by precipitates occurring, which are coarsened by the softening process governed by diffusion during long time creep.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2003

Tension mask assembly is positioned right behind the glass-made front panels of CRT type display devices. The frame-supported thin metal sheet contains numerous slits, through which electron beams are focused to enhance definition. Pretension is imposed on the masks, especially for enlarged flat screens, in order to avoid vibration due to acoustic or mechanical impact. High temperature assembly process subsequent to pretensioning, however, degenerates the creep resistance of common mask materials, and if tensile stress is high enough, tension on the mask may be loosened substantially due to creep deformation. In this study, the assembly is modeled as a combined structure of beams and wire array, and a numerical simulation is attempted for pretensioning followed by high temperature process. According to a model study, small amount of creep strain is likely to be generated, but its adverse influence is not negligible. Some structural modification measures to reduce the creep-induced tension loosening are proposed and evaluated. Also, optimal configuration of frame structure is sought for, which maintains high tension of masks and minimizes the possible creep of frame simultaneously.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.499-511
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• 2015

The creep property of salt rock significantly influences the long-term stability of the salt rock underground storage. Triaxial creep tests were performed to investigate the creep behavior of salt rock. The test results indicate that the creep of salt rock has a nonlinear characteristic, which is related to stress level and creep time. The higher the stress level, the longer the creep time, the more obvious the nonlinear characteristic will be. The elastic modulus of salt rock decreases with the prolonged creep time, which shows that the creep damage is produced for the gradual expansion of internal cracks, defects, etc., causing degradation of mechanical properties; meanwhile, the creep rate of salt rock also decreases with the prolonged creep time in the primary creep stage, which indicates that the mechanical properties of salt rock are hardened and strengthened. That is to say, damage and hardening exist simultaneously during the creep of salt rock. Both the damage effect and the hardening effect are considered, an improved Maxwell creep model is proposed by connecting an elastic body softened over time with a viscosity body hardened over time in series, and the creep equation of which is deduced. Creep test data of salt rock are used to evaluate the reasonability and applicability of the improved Maxwell model. The fitting curves are in excellent agreement with the creep test data, and compared with the classical Burgers model, the improved Maxwell model is able to precisely predict the long-term creep deformation of salt rock, illustrating our model can perfectly describe the creep property of salt rock.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

폐기물 매립지 관련 특성을 조사하기 위하여 PVA 지오텍스타일/HDPE 지오멤브레인 복합재료를 제조하였다. PVA 지오텍스타일의 인장특성, 인열 및 파열강도, 유효구멍크기와 투수성 등을 각각 측정하였다. 또한 침출수에 대한 화학저항성과 자외선 안정성도 측정하였으며, 하중조건에 따른 크리프 변형거동과 마찰특성도 측정하였다. 이들 결과로부터 PVA 지오텍스타일/HDPE 지오멤브레인 복합재료는 일반적으로 폐기물 매립지에 적용되는 폴리프로필렌이나 폴리에스테르 지오텍스타일에 비해 우수한 특성을 나타내었다. 끝으로, 감소인자 분석으로부터 PVA 지오텍스타일/HDPE 지오멤브레인 복합재료의 크리프 변형거동도 폴리프로필렌이나 폴리에스테르 지오텍스타일에 비해 안정함을 알 수 있었다.