• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 1985

품종간 엽중수분변화에 대한 광합성과 호흡에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 온실에서 자란 잎담배 5품종의 엽중수분함량을 변화시켜서 광일광합성속도, 호흡속도, 기공저항 및 엽육저항을 각각 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 품종간 광합성속도는 N. longiflora가 20.7mg $CO_2$/dm$^2$/hr로 제일 컸고 Burley종이 제일 적었다. 2. 광합성속도와 단위엽면적당 건물중과는 정의 상관을 보였다. 3. 안동엽은 WSD 53%에서 광합성속도가 50%정도 감소되었으나 Burley 21은 외관상으로 위조상태 이전인 WSD 43%에서 광합성능력을 상실하여 재배품종은 N. longiflora와 안동엽보다 수분결핍에 의해 광합성 작용이 크게 억제되었다. 4. 품종간 호흡속도의 변화는 수분결핍 초기에 약간 증가하다가 광합성속도와 같은 경향으로 감소하였다. 5. 수분결핍에 따라 기공저항과 엽육저항은 증가되었으며 수분결핍에 의한 광합성속도의 감소는 주로 기공이 닫혀지기 때문으로 본다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2017

Purpose: As application-specific wireless sensor networks are gaining popularity, this paper discusses the development and field performance of the GHAN, a greenhouse area network system to monitor, control, and access greenhouse microenvironments. GHAN, which is an upgraded system, has many new functions. It is an intelligent wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) system for next-generation greenhouses, which enhances the state of the art of greenhouse automation systems and helps growers by providing them valuable information not available otherwise. Apart from providing online spatial and temporal monitoring of the greenhouse microclimate, GHAN has a modified vapor pressure deficit (VPD) fuzzy controller with an adaptive-selective mechanism that provides better control of the greenhouse crop VPD with energy optimization. Using the latest soil-matrix potential sensors, the GHAN system also ascertains when, where, and how much to irrigate and spatially manages the irrigation schedule within the greenhouse grids. Further, given the need to understand the microclimate control dynamics of a greenhouse during the crop season or a specific time, a statistical assessment tool to estimate the degree of optimality and spatial variability is proposed and implemented. Methods: Apart from the development work, the system was field-tested in a commercial greenhouse situated in the region of Punjab, India, under different outside weather conditions for a long period of time. Conclusions: Day results of the greenhouse microclimate control dynamics were recorded and analyzed, and they proved the successful operation of the system in keeping the greenhouse climate optimal and uniform most of the time, with high control performance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.923-931
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• 2022

An increasing global population requires a greater food supply, and accordingly there is demand for enhanced production of rice, as a major crop plant that covers half of the world's population. Rice production in arid area is extremely difficult due to poor soil fertility, salinity, deficit of irrigation water, and weather conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether various fertilization recipes could provide a countermeasure to allow rice production while also providing soil amendment such as soil pH adjustment. The study was conducted at an experimental field of the United Arab-Emirates (UAE) from January to April, 2022. Rice seedlings (cv. Asemi, alkaline-resistant) were transplanted in plastic containers, and different types of water and nutrient managements were employed as follows: water management (flooding and aerobic for NPKs treatment group) and nutrient management (NPKs, slow release fertilizers [SRFs] and SRFs + NPK-1 treatment groups with flooding). Water and nutrient management did not show any effect on soil pH adjustment. Rice growth was significantly enhanced in the flooding compared to the aerobic condition, whereas the effect of nutrient management clearly differed among the treatment groups, with SRFs + NPK-1 showing the best results followed by SRFs and NPKs. Most of the fertilization groups markedly accumulated soluble sugars in the shoots and grains of rice plants, but concomitantly a decrease in the roots. Overall, the level of starch showed a tendency of relatively slight perturbation by fertilization. Taken together, the results indicate that soil physical structure should be preferentially amended to find the key for suitable rice production.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 온실 재배 토마토 군락의 열수지에 근거한 증산모델을 구성하고 실험을 통하여 모텔에 필요한 계수의 추정과 모질의 검증을 수행하였다. 온실의 일사략과 엽-대기수증기압차(LVPD)를 매개변수로 하는 기공확산저항 추정식을 구성하여 기공작산저항 실측 자료를 이용하여 추정식의 계수를 추정하였다. 이 추정식으로 기공확산저항 변이의 80％ 이상을 설명할 수 있었으며 추정식에 이용하지 않았던 독립 자료를 이용하여 검정한 결과 추정정도가 높아 증산예측 모델의 구성식으로 이용될 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 반투과성 매질의 복사 흡수이론을 적용한 Stanghellini의 식을 다소 변형하여 모델의 군락 순복사 추정식으로 사용하였으며 이 추정식에 의하여 계산된 순복사량은 실측치와 잘 일치하였다. 계수 추정에 사용하지 않았던 독립 자료를 이용하여 순복사 및 기공확산저항 추정식으로 구성된 증산예측 모델의 군락온도 및 증산예측 정도를 검증하였다. 모델에 의하여 계산된 군락 온도, 순간 증산속도 및 일 총 증산량은 실측치와 잘 일치하여 본 연구에서 작성된 증산 예측 모델은 온실 재배 토마토의 환경제어, 관개제어 등에 실용적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2017

광도, 포차와 같은 환경요인과 엽면적 지수와 같은 생육요인은 증산 속도를 변화시키는 중요한 변수이다. 본 연구에서는 Penman-Monteith의 증산 모델과 인공신경망(ANN)에 학습에 의한 증산속도 추정값을 비교하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 파프리카(Capsicum annuum L. cv. Fiesta)의 증산속도 추정은 로드셀을 이용한 배지의 중량변화를 통해 계산하였다. 온도, 상대습도, 배지 중량 데이터는 1분 단위로 2개월간 수집하였다. 증산량은 일차식으로는 정확한 추정이 어렵기 때문에, 기존의 Penman-Monteith식에 보정 광도를 사용한 수정식 Shin 등(2014)을 사용하였다. 이와는 별개로 ANN을 사용하여 증산량을 추정 비교하였다. 이를 위하여 광도, 온도, 습도, 엽면적지수, 시간을 사용한 입력층과 5개의 은닉층으로 구성된 ANN을 구축하였다. 각 은닉층의 퍼셉트론 개수는 가장 정확성이 높은 512개로 하였다. 검증 결과, 보정된 Penman-Monteith 모델식의 $R^2=0.82$이었고, ANN의 $R^2=0.94$로 나타났다. 따라서 ANN은 일반적인 모델식에 비해 정확한 증산량 추정이 가능한 것으로 나타났고, 추후 수경재배의 효율적인 관수전략 수립에 있어 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

상토에 함유된 Na이온이 과채류의 육묘에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 온도조건에 따른 상토의 수분변화, Na이온 및 EC의 경시적 변화, 광합성율, 증산율, 잎의 수분상태, 묘소질, 생육 및 수량성에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 육묘온도가 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 상토의 수분감소는 적어 3일이 경과하더라도 관수개시점에 도달하지 않았다. 관수 1시간 후 부터 상토로부터 Na 이온이 유리되어 22시간이 지날 때 까지 Na의 농도가 계속 증가하였으며 Na 함량의 증가에 따라 EC의 상승이 있었다. 또한 관수회수가 증가함에 따라 Na의 세탈에 따른 Na 농도가 감소되었고 Na 농도감소에 비해 EC의 감소폭은 적은 편이었다. 양이온 비율중 Na 함량이 60% 이상일 경우 저온에서는 광합성율, 증산율의 감소가 큰 편이었고 포화수분부족도 또한 저온에서 큰 폭으로 높아졌다. Na 함량이 높은 상토에서 육묘된 오이묘는 초장, 세근수 등이 대조상토에 비해 낮은 편이었고 본포 정식후에도 생육이 불량하여 48%정도의 수량감소를 초래하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2013

한발에 대한 식물체의 내성은 수분이 부족한 환경에서도 안정적으로 작물의 생산성을 유지하기 위해 필요한 유용한 특성 중 하나이다. 우리는 애기장대의 $H^+$-pyrophosphatase (AVP1)를 발현하도록 형질전환된 배추가 내건성과 관련되어 있는 몇몇 생리적 척도에 있어 향상됨을 검증하였다. 관수중단 처리로 조성된 토양수분 결핍 조건에서 AVP1 발현 식물체는 비형질전환체와 비교하여 비록 외형적 위조의 정도로는 그 차이를 구별할 수 없었지만 형질전환체가 재식된 토양의 수분포텐셜이 비형질전환체 재식 토양에 비해 더 빠르게 낮아졌다. 이는 형질전환체 잎의 상대적 수분함량이 비형질전환체에 비해 더 높은 것과 연관되어 있는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 건조스트레스 환경에서 비형질전환체에 비해 형질전환체는 광계II 양자수율이 높은 반면 전해질누출과 활성산소족의 하나인 $H_2O_2$와 3,3'-diaminobenzidine의 반응산물이 적었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.232-232
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• 2019

The persistence of drought periods and water scarcity is a growing public concern, as climate change projections indicate a more critical scenario in the future. The sustainability of water resources for the increasing population, and to ensuring crop production will unarguably be a daunting task for the water resources managers, with a projected 9.8 billion people by 2050 as well as the need to increase food production by 70 to 100%. Consequently, there is a need for significant irrigation water use for more crop production in the face of stiff competition among water users. However, the available natural resources are already over-constrained, and the allocation of more resources for food production is not feasible. Currently, about two-thirds of global water withdrawer is used by the agricultural sector while 48% of water resources in Korea is used for agricultural production. Despite the apparent ecological deficit and unfavorable conditions of resources utilization, a staggering amount of food waste occurs in the country. Moreover, wastage of food translates to waste of all the resources involved in the food production including water resources. Food waste can also be considered a serious potential for economic and environmental problems. Hence, exploring an alternative approach to efficient resources utilization in a more sustainable way can ensure considerable resources conservation. We hypothesized that reducing food waste will decline the demand for food production and consequently reduce the pressure on water resources. We investigated the food wastage across the food supply chain using the top-down datasets based on the FAO mass balance model. Furthermore, the water footprint of the estimated food wastage was assessed using the representative of selected food crops. The study revealed that the average annual food wastage across the food supply chain is 9.05 million tonnes, signifying 0.51 kg/capita/day and 48% of domestic food production. Similarly, an average of 6.29 Gm3 per annum of water resources was lost to food wastage, which translates to 40% of the total allotted water resources for agriculture in the country. These considerable resources could have been conserved or efficiently used for other purposes. This study demonstrated that zero food waste generation would significantly reduce the impact on freshwater resources and ensure its conservation. There is a need for further investigation on the food waste study using the bottom-up approach, specifically at the consumer food waste, since the top-down approach is based on estimations and many assumptions were made.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.408-408
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• 2019

The persistence of drought periods and water scarcity is a growing public concern, as climate change projections indicate a more critical scenario in the future. The sustainability of water resources for the increasing population, and to ensuring crop production will unarguably be a daunting task for the water resources managers, with a projected 9.8 billion people by 2050 as well as the need to increase food production by 70 to 100%. Consequently, there is a need for significant irrigation water use for more crop production in the face of stiff competition among water users. However, the available natural resources are already over-constrained, and the allocation of more resources for food production is not feasible. Currently, about two-thirds of global water withdrawer is used by the agricultural sector while 48% of water resources in Korea is used for agricultural production. Despite the apparent ecological deficit and unfavorable conditions of resources utilization, a staggering amount of food waste occurs in the country. Moreover, wastage of food translates to waste of all the resources involved in the food production including water resources. Food waste can also be considered a serious potential for economic and environmental problems. Hence, exploring an alternative approach to efficient resources utilization in a more sustainable way can ensure considerable resources conservation. We hypothesized that reducing food waste will decline the demand for food production and consequently reduce the pressure on water resources. We investigated the food wastage across the food supply chain using the top-down datasets based on the FAO mass balance model. Furthermore, the water footprint of the estimated food wastage was assessed using the representative of selected food crops. The study revealed that the average annual food wastage across the food supply chain is 9.05 million tonnes, signifying 0.51 kg/capita/day and 48% of domestic food production. Similarly, an average of $6.29Gm^3$ per annum of water resources was lost to food wastage, which translates to 40% of the total allotted water resources for agriculture in the country. These considerable resources could have been conserved or efficiently used for other purposes. This study demonstrated that zero food waste generation would significantly reduce the impact on freshwater resources and ensure its conservation. There is a need for further investigation on the food waste study using the bottom-up approach, specifically at the consumer food waste, since the top-down approach is based on estimations and many assumptions were made.