• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.970-980
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• 2011

As a type of intimate architecture, fashion has always mediated the dialogue between clothes and the body, or fashion and figure. This study seeks to inquire the current aesthetic consciousness of the body and dress in Japanese avant-garde fashion and intends to research the features and meanings in the pastiche of Western sartorial convention in Japanese avant-garde fashion in order to examine the changing aesthetic attitude in postmodern fashion. The study investigates subjects of the fashion collections of the turn of the twenty-first century, when pastiche strategies frequently appeared in Japanese avant-garde fashion, through the methodology of literature research and case analysis. The results of the study are as follows: by developing the strategy of pastiche, Japanese avant-garde fashion exposes the defectiveness of the Western idea of the idealized and standardized body for mass productions, thus freeing design from its traditional confinement to the human body. Drawing on the re-conceptualization of the sartorial convention of Western tradition, Japanese avant-garde fashion designers tend to experiment with extreme exaggeration in form, refusing to subscribe to the traditional Western values built on the balance and symmetry of the body. Through the combination of the past and the present as well as the inner-wear as outerwear strategy, the historical pastiche challenges convention and symbolism, which results in the discord between signifiant and signifi$\acute{e}$ of clothing.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.s1
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• pp.160-166
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• 1998

The field emission characteristics of defective diamond films grown by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) have been studied. X-ray diffraction, the poor crystal quality and/or small grain sizes of the diamond phase and the inclusion of the non-diamond carbon phases in these films have been condirmed by raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and the reflectance measurements. The degrees of the film defectiveness and the emission characteristics were dependent on the methane concentration. Current-versus-voltage measurements have demonstrated that the defective diamond films have good electron emission characteristics. characteristics strongly suggests the defect-related electron-emission mechanism. The defective diamond films deposited on Si substrates show the field emission current density of 1$\mu\textrm{A}/\textrm{cm}^2$ and 1mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$ have been measured at electric fields as low as 4.5V/$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 7.6V/$\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. We also observed the similar emission characteristics from the defective diamond film deposited on Cr/Si substrate and could decrease the deposition temperature to $600^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2000

To clarify the effect of chuna treatment reached at neck pain, the faculties of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine in Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center had carried out chuna treatment for 72 patients who had neither structural defectiveness of cervical spine nor neural injury but simple soft tissue damage among people who visited the hospital with the neck pain since Jun. 11, 1997 to Dec. 31 in the year. The way of study: 32 out of 72 patients were treated by acupuncture treatment going with chuna treatment (calling 'Group A') and the other 40 patients were cured by only acupuncture (calling 'Group B'). The treatment in both Group A and B were performed 6 times totally at intervals of a time for 2 days. To judge the effect of treatment, both method-visual analog scale(VAS) and ,check of ROM-were performed each time. The results of study 1. Each one in Group A itself, according to the number of the treatment in progress, showed the note worthy decrease of pain and improvement of range of motion(ROM) in the cervical(P <0.001). 2. Each one in Group B itself, according to the number of the treatment in progress, showed the note worthy decrease of pain and improvement of range of motion(ROM) in the cervical(P <0.001). 3. In the degree of improvement in pain, the Group A who had been treated by both acupuncture and chuna treatment at the same lime showed some meaningful decrease in pain compared to the Group B with acupuncture treatment alone(P <0.001). 4. In the degree of improvement in ROM, the Group A who were treated by both chuna and acupuncture treatment had meaningful improvement compared to Group B who got the only acupuncture treatment(P <0.001).

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.74-102
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• 1999

The integrated global economic system have intensed Liberalization, dereguration, privatization. National states were subordinated in global economic system. To save social costs and to encourage the national competition power, the globalized market tends to reduce the domestic social expention. Truely anxious things are not the defectiveness of capitalism itself but neo-liberal measures of each national states. So neo-liberal globalization beat welfare states. Welfare and growth, accumulation and justice are inter-conflict elements, and these confliction is well explained in context of globalization. Stratigies of growth pursuing economic benefits subordinate social policy in economic policy. Globalization did not always reduce the power of national state, but each national states purposely reduce the power of state and state participations. Thus Globalization can be overcome and must be overcome, eventually, the history of social welfare in korea differ frome that of European states. Their's social welfare retrenchment have based on the excessly expeneded welfare provision, but the frame of social welfare in korea is not yet established in history. Fundamentally historic experiences between European and korean social welfare are different. So "the third way" in korea must be in carefull approaches and the social welfare policy in korea must purchase "anti-market policy" and the equal distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the kinds and the frequency of incorrect outcomes occurring depending examiners' skills, in testing osteoporosis by using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) and improve frequently occurring errors by educating them. The results of an analysis show that the outcomes from the test of hips in patients with wrong postures or some regions with pressure fracture and degenerative changes were often included, even though they should be excluded, and that surgical instruments were also included in the analysis, though they should be excluded from resulting values. Of them, the errors most often found were those about patients' postures (n=56, 6 cases for spines and 50 cases for hips), followed by those about analytical processes (n=37, 35 cases for spines and 2 cases for hips), and then those about regions of interest (n=33, 28 cases for spines and 5 cases for hips). There were, however, no errors caused by the defectiveness of quality control.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.8A no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2001

With the general use of network, cyber terror rages throughout the world. However, IP Fragmentation isn\`t free from its security problem yet, even though it guarantees effective transmission of the IP package in its network environment. Illegal invasion could happen or disturb operation of the system by using attack mechanism such as IP Spoofing, Ping of Death, or ICMP taking advantage of defectiveness, if any, which IP Fragmentation needs improving. Recently, apart from service refusal attack using IP Fragmentation, there arises a problem that it is possible to detour packet filtering equipment or network-based attack detection system using IP Fragmentation. In the paper, we generate the real time access log file to make the system manager help decision support and to make the system manage itself in case that some routers or network-based attack detection systems without packet reassembling function could not detect or suspend illegal invasion with divided datagrams of the packet. Through the implementation of the self-managing system we verify its validity and show its future effect.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2007

There have been research and studies on rumble strip effectiveness in terms of accident reduction since rumble strips were first installed in 1950's. Research has shown that rumble strips reduce accidents from drowsy and inattentive driving. The present research statistically analyze the accident reduction effect of rumble strips based on accident reports obtained from rumble strip installed 377 places of nation wide freeway lines. Based on the results, rumble strips are effective in reducing accident frequencies 32.3%. The probable various factors inducing accidents are identified. These include drowsiness, speeding, inattentiveness, vehicle defectiveness, and short headways. It was found that rumble strips are effective in reducing A, B, C leveled accidents, and in reducing clear, cloudy, and rainy weather accidents. The results may make clear and expand probable types of accidents that rumble strips would reduce, then reduce the total accidents on freeway lines.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1986

The Calorimetric experiment was made firstly to measure the difference in energy metabolisms of laying hens among their three different laying periods, secondly to estimate the energy requirements of the layers on their respective laying periods. The laying period was divided into three chronological periods of 25-40, 41-55, and 56-69 weeks old of laying hens, which are refered to as period I, II, and III respectively. 1) The fasting heat production (FHP) of laying hen on the three laying periods were 81.5 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ for period I, 72.3 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ for perod II, and 97.5 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ for perod III. The marked increase in FHP was found in period m, while there was a small difference in FHP between period I and II. The present study have observed among the birds in period in the high degree of plumage defectiveness, and this condition of bird might have accounted for the increase in FHP. 2) The regression equation between ME intake and energy retention (ER) were calculated, and the equations indicated that, for the period I, II, and III, the ME requirements for maintenance (MEm) were 123, 111, and 131 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ respectively, and that the Net Availabilities of Metabolizable energy (NAME) were 76, 79, and 74 percent respectively. For the whole laying period measured, MEm was 119 Kcal/kg$\^$0.75/ and NAME was 79 percent. There was a tendancy of higher MEm, and lower NAME during Period III, comparing with period I and II.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2011

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the early maladaptive schemas in patients with panic disorder. Methods : Patients (n=35) included people who had met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for panic disorder. The normal control group (n=35) were those people who had no psychiatric disorder and had never experienced panic attack. The early maladaptive schemas and the severity of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Young Schema Questionnaire Short-form (YSQ-SF), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results : The scores on the STAI-S, STAI-T, and BDI were significantly higher in the patient group. Compared to the control group, the scores of vulnerability to harm and illness, and abandonment/instability schemas were significantly higher in the patient group. In the patient group, defectiveness/shame and subjugation schemas were found to predict BDI, dependent/incompetence, abandonment/instability schemas were found to predict STAI-S, and vulnerability to harm and illness, and abandonment/instability schemas were found to predict STAI-T. In normal controls, failure and insufficient self-control/self-discipline, failure, and emotion inhibition schemas were found to predict BDI, STAI-T, and STAI-S. Conclusions : Vulnerability to harm and illness and abandonment/instability schemas may be characteristic schema in patients with panic disorder.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.3 s.87
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• pp.119-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of digital stress that people experience and to investigate the effects of socio-economic variables on that. To collect data, structured questionnaire was developed and 1,200 questionnaires were distributed through internet. There were 2 dimensions in this study to examine digital stress. First dimension was about the devices themselves: computers and the other digital goods. Second dimension was about the time digital stress occurring in consumers' decision-making process: purchasing and using. Based on Yeo&Kim(2004), sub-dimensions of purchasing and using aspects were chosen. 5 sub-dimensions in purchasing side were new technology, cost, variety of alternatives, warranty service, and informational problem 6 sub-dimensions in using field were mal(or impaired)-functioning. physical aspects, immaturity in use, pressure to use, addiction to use, and informational problem. As independent variables, sex, age, educational level, digitalization acceptability and computer usability were used. The overall level of digital stress was around the average point which was not as high as expected. Digital stress of purchasing was higher than that of using. First, in purchasing aspects, the level of digital stress was relatively high in cost, variety of alternatives and warranty service. Hence, clear communications with consumers about the distinctive aspects and cost of digital devices in market are needed. Secondly, in using side, mal-functioning and physical aspects were relatively more powerful stressors. In the other words, the more serious problems were not from the characteristics of individual consumers but from those of products. Producers should put their best efforts to reduce imperfection (defectiveness) and develop user-friendly digital devices. Also, users' individual efforts to overcome the problems that can be solved privately are necessary. Finally, it was discovered that sex and computer usability were very important variables on digital stress. To extend computer usability of consumers and get over digital illiteracy, it is essential to expand the paths to give chances for people to contact with computers and other digital goods. Still there are lots of people whore computer-illiterate or low-skilled at computers. In policies or educational programs made by government, communities, or schools, more attention should be paid to the digitally vulnerable groups.