• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.182-186
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• 2012

human tyrosinase (hTyr) catalyzes first and the rate limiting step in the synthesis of polymerized pigment, melanin which determines skin, hair and eye colors. Mutation of hTyr often brings about decrease of melanin production and further albinism. Meanwhile, a number of cosmetic companies providing skincare products for woman in Asia-Pacific region have tried to develop inhibitors to bright skin color for several decades. In this study, we built a 3D structure by comparative modeling technique based on the crystal structure of tyrosinase from bacillus megaterium as a template to serve structural information of hTyr. According to our model and sequence analysis of type 3 copper protein family proteins, two copper atoms of active site located deep inside are coordinated with six strictly conserved histidine residues coming from four-helix-bundle. Cavity which accommodates substrates was like funnel shape of which entrance was wide and expose to solvent. In addition, protein-substrate and protein-inhibitor complex were modeled with the guide of van der waals surface generated by in house software. Our model suggested that only phenol group or its analogs can fill the binding site near nuclear copper center because inside of binding site has narrow shape relatively. In conclusion, the results of this study may provide helpful information for designing and screening new anti-melanogensis agents.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2021

The attractiveness of the gingiva is determined by its color, shape, and the shape and location of the boundary between the teeth and the gingival tissue. The standards beauty, balance, and health of the gingiva are all different, but the general public would agree that a coral pink gingiva is more beautiful than black or brown gingiva. Hence, one would be able to smile more confidently in public if he or she receives a gingival pigmentation removal surgery that changes the color of black or brown gums to a beautiful pink color with relative simplicity. The color of one's gingiva varies from pale pink to deep bluish purple, depending on many health components. The most prominent among these include the vascular supply, epithelial thickness, the degree of keratinization, and the presence of pigment in the epithelium. Melanin, carotene, reduced hemoglobulin, and oxyhemoglobulin are the main pigments contributing to the normal color of the oral mucosa. The health of one's gingival tissue are essential for an attractive smile. Excessive melanin deposits in the basal and early basal layers of the epithelium stored in the form of melanosomes frequently cause pigmentation. Although there are many different procedures to remove this pigmentation, the it was removed using the Er;YSGG laser. It is my wish that, through this case study, many people

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.612-620
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• 2019

A woolen tapestry curtain, owned by the Seoul Museum of Craft Art, is composed of tabby by cotton-warp and wool-weft threads and its patterned part is shown as a tapestry; paint with pigment has been added to it. The chromaticity of this curtain was measured and the substances in the deep red color were confirmed as Hg by an analysis of the ingredients through X-ray fluorescence. This is presumed to be cinnabar or vermilion. Analyses were performed on a total of seven fabric samples, including the warp & weft of the fabric, its trimming, and its back fabric. As a result, the warp of the woolen tapestry curtain was determined to be a cotton fiber with a middle hole or lumen in the cross-section. Furthermore, an infrared peak likewise showed O-H and C-O binding. Wool fibers as wefts were identified with circular and oval cross-sections and IR peaks showed N-H/O-H stretching and amide(-CONH-). The animal hair samples used in the wool fiber are believed to have come from long-tailed goral or goats and the possibility of using easy-to-spin sapsal dog hair is also not to be overlooked. This was determined through a contrast analysis by the Cultural Heritage Administration to identify the animal species used in the tapestry.