• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2017

Frey's syndrome and infra-auricular depressed deformities are the ones of the most common complications that can occur after total parotidectomy. We report 1 case of pleomorphic adenoma occurred in the deep lobe that obtained good results from using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) after total parotidectomy. A 24-year-old man visited the hospital with oval shape mass in right mandibular angle which of 4 cm in size was found in the deep lobe of right parotid gland from Magnetic resonance imaging scanning and a pleomorphic adenoma was suspected. A total parotidectomy was performed while preserving the facial nerve. The material known as ADM were placed in the depressed part from where the mass was removed, and the site was sutured. The surgery site was healed well without any complications such as Frey's syndrome or infra-auricular depressed deformities. The pathological result was confirmed as pleomorphic adenoma. In addition to these advantages, it does not have little potential of deformation by the gravity after the surgery, and there is no restraint on circulation, which makes fabrication free and each deformation into various shapes can be described as another advantage of the reconstruction using the ADM.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.86-92
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• 2012

An exploration well is drilled where oil or gas potential is shown by a seismic survey and interpretation. With the advance of drilling technology, most of the easily accessible oil had been developed by the end of the 20th century. To satisfy the ever increasing demand for oil, and bolstered by high oil prices, the major oil companies started to drill in deep water, which requires a deep offshore drilling unit. Offshore drilling units are generally classified by their maximum operating water depth. Many semi-submersible rigs have been purpose-designed for the drilling industry as the allowable drilling water depth has become deeper by the developed technics since the first semi-submersible was launched in 1963. Semi-submersible rigs are commonly used for shallow to deep water up to 3,000 m. Drilling equipment such as a top drive, blowout preventer, drawworks and power system, mud circulation system, and subsea wellhead system are explained to help with an understanding of offshore drilling procedures in the oil and gas fields. The objective of this paper is to introduce the main components of a semi-submersible rig and, by doing so, to raise the awareness of offshore drilling, which accounts for over 30% of the total oil production and will continue to increase.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.162-177
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• 2003

It has been known that the color of skin reflects the blood flow within. In lips, the capillaries close to the skin surface are numerous; hence lips are redder than the rest of face. However, dermatological research on lips is not as advanced as research on facial or body skin, and little was known about the relationship between relatively dull-colored lips and skin blood flow. The physiological differences between colorful and dull-colored lips were studied by a two-dimensional laser Doppler blood flow analyzer, a spectrometer for the measurement of the degree of oxygen saturation, and a confocal microscope for observing inside lips non-invasively. Dull-colored lips and the corner of lips (dull-colored compared to the center) showed relatively poor blood flow and lower oxygenated hemoglobin. It was found that colorful lips (generally the young) had a blood flow that tended to run straight in parallel with the skin surface. This unique blood-capillary structure can express clear red blood. Those with dull-colored lips had lost this unique structure. Their blood ran perpendicularly from the deep of the skin and down back again into the deep part as like the blood circulation patterns of facial skin. Therefore, the lips of the latter group had fewer blood capillaries near skin surface in the lips than that of the colorful-lips group. A lipstick containing a-glucosyl-hesperidin, which is derived from certain citrus fruits and can enhance blood circulation, was applied for evaluating its effects. Blood flow was increased 30 min after the application. After two weeks of daily application, the lips' condition became noticeably less dull. These findings suggest that the decrease of blood flow in dull-colored lips is caused by the loss of the unique capillary structure and the use of the lipstick to increase blood flow can give a vivid color to lips.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.275-284
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• 1992

A generated problem in treated highly concentrated organic wastewater by activated sludge process is the limitation of biomass concentration and oxygen transfer capability in aeration tank. To overcome the limitation, the deep shaft activated sludge process which has high oxygen transfer capability was applied to the wastewater treatment process. This paper investigated the characteristics of liquid circulation, oxygen transfer and biological treatment of paper mill wastewater by the deep shaft activated sludge process. From the obtained results, it was found that the oxygen transfer capability in the deep shaft system was much greater than those in the conventional aeration systems and almost tantamount to the pure oxygen system. The deep shaft system could treat highly concentrated organic wastewater by higher biomass concentration and organic loading rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.87-90
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• 2000

The hydrogeochemical and isotopic studies on deep groundwater in the Munkyeong area, Kyeongbuk province were carried out. $CO_2$-rich groundwater (Ca-HC $O_3$ type) is characterized by low pH (5.8~6.5) and high TDS (up to 2,682 mg/L), while alkali groundwater (Na-HC $O_3$ type) shows a high pH (9.I~10.4) and relatively low TBS (72~116 mg/L). $CO_2$-rich water may have evolved by $CO_2$ added at depth during groundwater circulation. This process leads to the dissolution of surrounding rocks and Ca, Na, Mg, K and HC $O_3$ concentrations are enriched. The low Pc $o_2$ (10$^{-6.4}$atm) of alkali groundwaters seems to result from the dissolution of silicate minerals without a supply of $CO_2$. The $\delta$$^{18}$ O and $\delta$D values and tritium data indicate that two types of deep groundwater were both derived from pre-thermonuclear meteoric water. The carbon Isotope data show that dissolved carbon in the $CO_2$-rich water was possibly derived from deep-seated $CO_2$ gas. The $\delta$$^{18}$ S values of dissolved sulfate show that sulfate reduction occurred at great depths. The application of various chemical geothermometers on $CO_2$-rich groundwater shows that the calculated deep reservoir temperature is about 130~175$^{\circ}C$. Based on the geological setting, water chemistry and environmental isotope data, each of the two types of deep groundwater represent distinct hydrologic and hydrogeochemical evolution at depth and their movement is controlled by the local fracture system.m.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1996

I followed the results of Lee and Min(1996) for classification of the months of cold and warm winter. The winter of 1992 and 1984 recorded extraordinary cold and warm. Study of the Synoptic Climatology on the January's cold and warm winter is below: (1) Climatology's characteristic. Temperature of extremely high temperature month is higher compared with extremely low temperature month. Also precipitation is more than over low temperature month compared with extremely high temperature month. (2) In circulation of 500hPa surface. (1) Extremely high temperature month At 500hPa, negative geopotential height anomalies in high latitude, three trough developed over eastern Canada. In midlatitude, a deep trough persisted in the central North Pacific and conspicuous positive height anomalies showed over northwestern Europe, Where a blocking anticyclone developed. It had been warmer than normal since last year in Korea due mainly to positive height anomalies stretched from central Siberia (2) Extremely low temperature month Appeared the strong meridional circulation and negative height anomalies showed from Far East to the Mid-Pacific and appeared ridge in the west of the North America and Atlantic. Alutien Low shows negative deviation during 1984. In northern hemisphere shows negative deviation. Therefore, we can show that the surface pressure distribution and height distribution of 500hPa level are closely connected with each other as parts of general circulation. (3) The characteristics of the general circulation pattern of the 500hPa (1) Extremely high temperature month is high than extremely low temperature month1984 in Zonal index (2) The majority type is S type in 500hPa level circulation of extremely high temperature month but extremely high temperature month is M type (3) The wave number in 500hPa all shows 3 wave. So can not distinguished by only predominant wave number pattern.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2015

During flap elevation, most perforators are cut except one or more perforators that are essential to flap survival. However these cutout perforators can cause deterioration of the blood circulation of the flap. To salvage the jeopardized flaps, rebuilding the perforator system is essential for flap survival. In the first case, after flap elevation, the upper abdominal flap margin was severely ischemic. To supply blood to the upper abdominal flaps, we found and used a major perforator underneath the upper abdominal flap which was cut earlier during the elevation, and we performed reanastomosis with ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric artery. Upper abdominal flap ischemic area was limited to a narrow suture area. In the second case, we performed free superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap reconstruction. After successful anastomosis of the SIEA and superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) with internal mammary artery and vein, serious venous congestion occurred immediately because of SIEV malfunction. We found the largest perforator vein under the flap, as an alternate way to drain, then connected it with the thoracoacromial vein with a vein graft harvested in the contralateral SIEV. Circulation has improved. In conclusion, perforator system reconstruction is essential in a jeopardized flap salvage.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 1996

CREAMS (Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas) is an international research program, which began in 1993 in order to understand the water mass structure and circulation in the East Sea. Since the beginning of CREAMS, there have been four cruises in the summer and two in the winter, covering most parts of the East Sea for the first time in more than 60 years since the historical survey reported by Uda (1934). CREAMS investigations have provided many new insights into the various aspects of oceanographic problems in the East Sea such as water masses, deep sea currents and circulation, eddies, particle fluxes and so on. In this paper, we briefly review understandings before CREAMS and summarize initial new findings from CREAMS expeditions in terms of water masses and currents.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

Fossil energy is needed for a whole year greenhouse cropping due to climate in South Korea. Because the most of the fossil energy resources is imported, it is necessary to develop technology to be able to reduce the energy cost in order to manage greenhouse profitably. The greenhouse commonly consume less amount of energy as compared to other industrial sectors. Replacement of fossil fuel with solar thermal storage, therefore, can be an economical as well as environmentally sustainable option for greenhouse heating. The fluid flow, heat storage and radiation characteristic of the gravel bed model were analyzed to provide basic data for design of the experimental solar heated greenhouse with underground thermal storage using gravel. The air flow velocity in the gravel storage bed was proven to be affected from the capacity of circulation fan and the circulation method and the positive pressure method was proven to be the best among the different air circulation methods. The initial air temperature of the thermal storage bed of 1.2 m $wide{\times}9$ m $long{\times}0.9$ m deep was $10^{\circ}C$. After the thermal storage bed is heated by air of the mean temperature $4^{\circ}C$ during 9 hours, the temperature has increased about $20.3^{\circ}C$ and the storage of heat was about 33,000 kcal. The important factors should be taken into consideration for design of the solar heated greenhouse with underground thermal storage using gravel are insulation of rock storage, amount of storing heat, inflow rate and direction of inlet and outlet duct.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1984

Water masses and circulation in the yellow Sea (Hwanghae) were briefly reviewed and synthesized. Water masses were classified into four types: Hwanghae Cold Water, Hwanghae Warm Current Water, Coastal Waters and Changjiang River Diluted Water. The Hwanghae Cold Water can be defined to have a salinity of 32.0∼33.0% and a temperature below 10$^{\circ}C$, based on long-term hydrographic data and recent CTD casts (KORI, 1984). Concerning circulation, there exists a cyclonic gyre throughout the year in the southern part. In winter, the coastal current along the Chinese coast is very strong due to northerly or northwesterly winds and the Hwanghae Warm Current becomes weak as can be expected from a surface to bottom thermohaline front west of Cheju-do. Meanwhile in summer, the Changjiang River Diluted Water flows northeastward toward Cheju-do and the coastal current in the western part is greatly reduced. The northward current during summer in the southeastern Hwanghae has been accepted to be the Hwanghae Warm Current until now, coastal waters and the Hwanghae Cold Water in the central deep area, not a continuation of the Hwanghae Warm Current.