• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to identify the characteristics of shallow groundwater from the oil-contaminated site for a long period and to evaluate the applicability of biopile technology to treat the soil excavated from it. The eight monitoring wells were installed in the contaminated site and pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Temperature and the concentrations of major ions and pollutants were measured. The VOCs in soil gas were monitored during biopile operation and TPH concentration was analyzed at the termination of the experiment. The pH was 6.62 considered subacid and EC was 886.19 ${\mu}S/cm$. DO was measured to be 2.06 mg/L showing the similar characteristic of deep groundwater. ORP was 119.02 mV indicating oxidation state. The temperature of groundwater was measured to be $16.97^{\circ}C$. The piper diagram showed that groundwater was classified as Ca-$HCO_3$ type considered deep groundwater. The ground water concentration for TPH, Benzene, Toluene, Xylene of the first round was slightly higher than that of the second round. The concentration of carbon dioxide of soil gas was increased to 1.3% and the concentration of VOCs was completely eliminated after the 40 days. The TPH concentration showed 98% remediation efficiency after the 90 days biopile operation.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 기존의 심층혼합처리공법용 안정재의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 탈황분진을 이용하여 개발한 친환경 지반안정재(CMD-SOIL)의 적용성을 평가하기 위해 실내배합시험 및 현장시험시공을 실시하였다. 실내배합시험 결과 함수비, 투입비 및 W/B 변화에 따른 CMD-SOIL의 일축압축강도가 기존의 고로슬래그 시멘트와 비교하여 최대 1.136배 큰 것으로 나타났고, 패각이 함유된 흙 재료에서는 최대 1.222배, 부상토가 혼합된 시료에서는 최대 1.363배 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 현장시험시공 결과, 실내배합강도와 현장강도의 비(${\lambda}$)가 0.77로 나타나 기존의 연구결과(${\lambda}=2/3$)와 유사한 경향을 보이고 있어 기존의 안정재와 비교하여 동등 이상의 성능을 발휘할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2019

The shear behavior of soil-concrete interface is mainly affected by the surface roughness of the two contact surfaces. The present research emphasizes on investigating the effect of roughness of soil-concrete interface on the interface shear behavior in two-layered laboratory testing samples. In these specially prepared samples, clay silt layer with density of $2027kg/m^3$ was selected to be in contact a concrete layer for simplifying the laboratory testing. The particle size testing and direct shear tests are performed to determine the appropriate particles sizes and their shear strength properties such as cohesion and friction angle. Then, the surface undulations in form of teeth are provided on the surfaces of both concrete and soil layers in different testing carried out on these mixed specimens. The soil-concrete samples are prepared in form of cubes of 10*10*30 cm. in dimension. The undulations (inter-surface roughness) are provided in form of one tooth or two teeth having angles $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. Several direct shear tests were carried out under four different normal loads of 80, 150, 300 and 500 KPa with a constant displacement rate of 0.02 mm/min. These testing results show that the shear failure mechanism is affected by the tooth number, the roughness angle and the applied normal stress on the sample. The teeth are sheared from the base under low normal load while the oblique cracks may lead to a failure under a higher normal load. As the number of teeth increase the shear strength of the sample also increases. When the tooth roughness angle increases a wider portion of the tooth base will be failed which means the shear strength of the sample is increased.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3216-3223
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• 2012

심층혼합처리(deep cement mixing, DCM)공법은 두꺼운 연약지반을 개량하는 공법 중 하나이다. 이 공법은 저소음, 저진동으로 공해가 적고 단시간에 큰 강도를 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있다. DCM공법과 같이 연약지반 개량 후 복합지반이 형성되는 지반의 침하량 산정을 위해서는 응력분담비의 결정이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 DCM공법으로 개량된 복합지반 거동특성을 이해하기 위하여 모형재하시험을 실시하였다. 모형시험에서 측정한 토압과 침하량, 그리고 기존 제안도표를 이용하여 응력분담비를 산정하였는데 응력분담비는 각각 35.4, 28.6, 27.02로 DCM 개량체에 큰 응력집중이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 기존 연구결과에 의한 응력분담비(26.52, 32.5)와 비교할 때 유사한 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.87-90
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• 2000

The hydrogeochemical and isotopic studies on deep groundwater in the Munkyeong area, Kyeongbuk province were carried out. $CO_2$-rich groundwater (Ca-HC $O_3$ type) is characterized by low pH (5.8~6.5) and high TDS (up to 2,682 mg/L), while alkali groundwater (Na-HC $O_3$ type) shows a high pH (9.I~10.4) and relatively low TBS (72~116 mg/L). $CO_2$-rich water may have evolved by $CO_2$ added at depth during groundwater circulation. This process leads to the dissolution of surrounding rocks and Ca, Na, Mg, K and HC $O_3$ concentrations are enriched. The low Pc $o_2$ (10$^{-6.4}$atm) of alkali groundwaters seems to result from the dissolution of silicate minerals without a supply of $CO_2$. The $\delta$$^{18}$ O and $\delta$D values and tritium data indicate that two types of deep groundwater were both derived from pre-thermonuclear meteoric water. The carbon Isotope data show that dissolved carbon in the $CO_2$-rich water was possibly derived from deep-seated $CO_2$ gas. The $\delta$$^{18}$ S values of dissolved sulfate show that sulfate reduction occurred at great depths. The application of various chemical geothermometers on $CO_2$-rich groundwater shows that the calculated deep reservoir temperature is about 130~175$^{\circ}C$. Based on the geological setting, water chemistry and environmental isotope data, each of the two types of deep groundwater represent distinct hydrologic and hydrogeochemical evolution at depth and their movement is controlled by the local fracture system.m.

• 지질공학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 1993

환원은 심층 지하처분되는 Cr(VI)의 양을 줄이는데 중요한 수단의 하나이다. 이 반응은 pH와 온도에 따라 민감하게 작용하며, 지하심층 처분장의 낮은 pH와 높은 온도는 토양 유기질, 높은 염소이온 농도와 더불어 Cr(VI)의 환원에 좋은 환경을 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 환경 조건에 따른 토양 유기질과 염소이온에 의한 Cr(VI)의 환원이 조사 되었다. aquifer와 aquitard 샘플은 각각 미국 루이지애나주 세인트 촬스군의 심층 처분장에서 채취되었다. 본 연구에서는 심층처분장을 대표하는 pH(-0.81~2.0), 온도($50^{\circ}C와{\;}70^{\circ}C$), 염소이온 농도(0, 0.26, 0.52 몰)를 이용하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.239-262
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• 2010

Tube Lines has carried out a "knowledge and investigation programme" on the deep tube tunnels comprising the Jubilee, Northern and Piccadilly lines, as required by the PPP contract with London Underground. Many of the tunnels have been in use for over 100 years, so this assessment was considered essential to the future safe functioning of the system. This programme has involved a number of generic investigations which guide the assessment methodology and the analysis of some 5,000 individual structures. A significant amount of investigation has been carried out, including ultrasonic thickness measurement, detection of brickwork laminations using radar, stress measurement using magnetic techniques, determination of soil parameters using CPT, pressuremeter and laboratory testing, installation of piezometers, material and tunnel segment testing, and trialling of remote photographic techniques for inspection of large tunnels and shafts. Vibrating wire, potentiometer, electro level, optical and fibre-optic monitoring has been used, and laser measurement and laser scanning has been employed to measure tunnel circularity. It is considered that there is scope for considerable improvements in non-destructive testing technology for structural assessment in particular, and some ideas are offered as a "wish-list". Assessment reports have now been produced for all assets forming Tube Lines' deep tube tunnel network. For assets which are non-compliant with London Underground standards, the risk to the operating railway has to be maintained as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) using enhanced inspection and monitoring, or repair where required. Monitoring techniques have developed greatly during recent years and further advances will continue to support the economic whole life asset management of infrastructure networks.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Strain-rate and temperature have significant effects on the one-dimensional (1D) compression behavior of soils. This paper focuses on the bonding degradation effect of soil structure on the time and temperature dependent behavior of soft structured clay. The strain-rate and temperature dependency of preconsolidation pressure are investigated in double logarithm plane and a thermal viscoplastic model considering the combined effect of strain-rate and temperature is developed to describe the mechanical behavior of unstructured clay. By incorporating the bonding degradation, the model is extended that can be suitable for structured clay. The extended model is used to simulate CRS (Constant Rate of Strain) tests conducted on structural Berthierville clay with different strain-rates and temperatures. The comparisons between predicted and experimental results show that the extended model can reasonably describe the effect of bonding degradation on the stain-rate and temperature dependent behavior of soft structural clay under 1D condition. Although the model is proposed for 1D analysis, it can be a good base for developing a more general 3D model.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.382-386
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• 2001

Presently, typical maximum probe spacing of soil resistivity survey(Wenners 4 pin method) is 20 m in case of 154 K substation grounding design of KEPCO. This paper examined the effects of maximum probe spacing of wenner method on the equivalent soil modeling and the accuracy of grounding resistance measurement by comparing the calculated FOP(Fall-of-Potential) curves of various soil models with the measured one at 154kV H substation. The comparison results showed that the inaccurate estimation of deep soil resistivity, which is caused from the short probe spacing of soil resistivity survey, can produce large errors on measurement of grounding resistance. In this paper a quantitative analysis of FOP at H substation has been presented.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.74-77
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• 2000

Infiltration and water flow in the upper soil layer of a deep water table aquifer are modeled for multistorm runoff events. The infiltration process is developed using the sharp wetting front model of Green and Ampt, and the following redistribution process is modeled using the gravity drained rectangular approximation. The Brooks-Corey model [Brooks and Corey, 1966] is adopted to relate the effective soil saturation, the tension head, and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity Firstly, the infiltration and redistribution model is developed for a single stom runoff event. Then a couple of events combined for multistorm runoff events. In the later case, infiltration rate of the second rainfall is strongly influenced by the length of the rainfall hiatus and soil moisture profile.