• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.68-86
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• 1994

In order to provide data of effective health education for practice of preventive health behavior for visual acuity care. The authors investgated the actual acuity and health behavior for visual acuity care. The subjects of this study were 2250 students in high school. The data were collected by questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study which has been made through references and student's health record. The results were as follows, 1) As students move up to grade, the number of students with decreased visual acuity had a tendency to increase. In cases with decreased visual acuity below 0.2 in one or both eye, the number of cases was increased in accordance with moving up to grade, especially visual acuity of right eye was more decreased than that of left eye. 2) As to proportion of the group with decreased visual acuity among the total students, among 2250 students, students with decreased visual acuity was 35.6%(800 students). According to school type, in academic school, frequency of students with decreased visual acuity in day school was higher then that in night school. In commercial school, the frequency of students who had decreased visual acuity in night school were higher than that of students in day school. 3) As to variables influencing the decreased visual activity, there was a significant different between groups with normal visual acuity and groups with subnormal in terms of awareness of visual acuity by themself, parent's visual acuity, unbalanced eating habit, distance from television, or books, posture in watching television, posture in reading, awareness of illumination in classroom. 4) As to practice of protective and preventive health behavior for visual acuity care, In group with normal visual acuity. There was good practice such as proper eating habit, proper studying habit, and health habit in its descending order, but proper illumination and regular eye test were practiced poorly. In group with subnormal visual acuity, one of the vest practice in visual acuity care was an effort to prevent eye strain. Other good practice involve tasking regular eye test, maintaining proper studing habit, in its descending order.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.146-158
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• 1996

We observed 79 patients, who visited the Department of Oph. & Otorhinolaryngology in Oriental medicine of Kyung Hee University Medical Center from July 1995 to June. 1996, with the complaint of decreased visual acuity. The results were as follows. 1. In the incidence of decreased visual acuity, men's was $46.84\%$(37 cases) and women's was $53.16\%$(42 cases), which showed that more women were suffering decreased visual acuity than men. In the incidence of myopic ametropia and astigmatic ametropia among the total patients, men's was $44.62\%$(29 cases) and $37.50\%$(9 cases) each, and women's was $55.38\%$(36 cases) and $62.50\%$( 15 cases) each, which also showed that more women were suffering myopia and astigmatism than men. 2. The average age of patients was 11.08 years at the first visit. The most were the patients from 6 to 15 years old, with 63 cases($79.74\%$). 3. The age of onset in the decreased visual acuity was mainly 6∼10 years with 45 cases($56.96\%$). In the case of myopic ametropia and astigmatic ametropia, the age of onset was also mainly 6∼10 years with 65 cases($60.00\%$), and with 12 cases($50.00\%$) each. 4. In ABO blood type, the frequency was, A type, O type, B type and AB type in order. In men, O type was the most, while in women, A type. 5. In the liking for cool or warm food or tepidity, the liking for cool food was the most in both men and women. 6. The type of decreased visual acuity was mainly myopic ametropia with 65 cases($82.28\%$). Astigmatic ametropia was $30.38\%$ with 24 cases, hyperopic ametropia $2.53\%$ with 4 cases, and the decreased visual acuity accompanied by amblyopia $7.59\%$ with 4 cases. 7. At the first visit, the average visual acuity of O.D. was 0.29 and that of O.S.. 0.24, which showed that O.S.. is worse than O.D.. The visual acuity below 0.2 was the most, $63.29\%\;in\;O.D..\;72.15\%$ in O.S.. 8. In the treatment period, 4∼7 weeks occupied $35.44\%$ with 28 cases, 8∼11 weeks $30.38\%$ with 24 cases, so the treatment period was mainly these two periods with 52 cases($65.82\%$). 9. The average frequency of acupuncture treatment per week was mainly 2.1∼3.0 times with 45 cases($56.96\%$). In this case, men was 24 cases($53.33\%$) and women 21 cases($46.67\%$), so men was more than women. 10. The frequency of herbal prescription was mainly Gamijungjitang and Gamijingjibogansan with 76 cases($85.39\%$).

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.179-192
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study was to analyze and identify factors related to changes in visual acuity of primary school students over one year period. The data for this study were collected from 980 students in the first to fifth grades of one elementary school located in Koyang City, Kyungki Province. The visual acuity tests of students and self reported questionnaires for the students and their parents were administered in 1995 and 1996. The data were analyzed by using SAS PC. The results of the study were as follows. 1. Visual acuity in both eyes is significantly lower in girls than in boys. 2. Overall visual acuity of the students decreased over the one year. Notably, decreases in visual acuity were statistically significant during the transition from the first to the second grade and from the third to the fourth grade. 3. Students with visual acuity ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 and those above 1.0 in 1995 showed a significantly lower acuity in 1996 than other students. 4. Students who needed glasses in 1995 showed significantly lower visual acuity in 1996 than those without glasses. 5. Other factors related to visual acuity are lights in the classroom, difficulty reading a blackboard, posture of children while watching TV, and distance from the TV set. Some of these factors may be the result of students' already poor visual acuity rather than causes of the decrease. In conclusion, many elementary school children experience significant decrease in visual acuity and need special intervention to maintain or improve their visual acuity.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is an investigation of the effects of long-term smart phone usage and of stretching on muscle stiffness, concentration, and visual acuity. Methods: Forty healthy young adults voluntarily participated in the study and were measured for muscle stiffness, concentration, and visual acuity before smartphone usage and after 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes of smartphone usage. The participants were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). Five minutes after the stretching exercise and eye exercise intervention, the participants were remeasured. Results: After long-term smartphone usage, increases in muscle stiffness and concentration were statistically significant (p<0.05), whereas decreases in visual acuity were statistically significant (p<0.05). After the stretching exercise and eye exercise intervention, muscle stiffness significantly decreased (p<0.05) and visual acuity significantly increased (p<0.05). Concentration, according to the stretching exercise and eye exercise intervention, showed no significant pre- or post-test difference. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that long-term smartphone usage effectively improved concentration but increased muscle stiffness and decreased visual acuity. Appropriate stretching and eye movement during long-term smartphones usage should mitigate the effects on muscle stiffness and visual acuity. Furthermore, smartphones should be considered an effective tool for concentration training when coupled with the development of appropriate applications.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1997

5~12세의 유치원 어린이 147명, 초등학교 어린이 233명, 총 380명의 나안시력과 타각적 굴절 이상도를 측정하고, 환경적 요인들이 어린이 나안시력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 전체적으로 나안시력이 0.1 미만은 3%, 0.1~0.4는 9%, 0.5~0.7은 18%, 0.8~0.9는 16%, 1.0 이상은 54%로 나타났고, 굴절이상은 혼합난시 9.5%, 원시 14.5%, 근시 75.88%, 정시 0.27%로 나타났다. TV 시청시간과 어린이 나안시력과는 시청시간이 많을수록 시력이 저하하였고, 특히 4시간 이상에서 현저하게 나안사력이 저하하는 협상이 나타났다. TV 시청거리와 어린이 나안시력과의 관계에서는 시청거리가 멀어질수록 나안시력이 좋았고, 4m 이상에서는 나안시력이 훨씬 더 좋은 상태로 나타났다. 공부시간과는 유의적인 관계가 없었으며, 주거환경과 어린이 나안시력과의 관계에서는 단독주택에서 사는 어 린 이들이 APT의 어린이들보다 시력이 좋게 나타났다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2002

전북 익산시에 소재한 초등학교 전체 아동을 대상으로 3년 동안 나안시력과 교정시력을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 나안시력 0.6 이하는 학년이 높아질수록 증가하였고 이를 교정시킨 비율도 증가하였다. 2. 현재 사용하고 있는 안경 중에 재 교정이 필요한 아동은 전체 안경 착용자의 30%이었다. 3. 저학년 때보다 학년이 높을수록 시력이 좋거나 나쁜 쪽으로 분포하였다. 4. 1학년이 3학년이 되었을 때 나안시력변화는 0.2에서는 증가하였고 0.7과 1.0에서는 감소하였으나 4학년이 6학년이 되었을 때에는 변동이 작았다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.141-143
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• 2008

목적: 본 논문에서는 초등학생들의 시력과 굴절이상과의 관계를 조사하고 이들의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 방법: 초등학교 1, 3, 6학년 200명(400안)을 선정하여 나안시력과 굴절이상을 측정하였다. 결과: 저학년에서 고학년으로 갈수록 근시도는 증가하고, 시력은 감소하였고, 1차 회귀직선방정식은 Y=2.1471X-3.1484 (F=313.9377, P<0.001)로 나타났다. 원시도와 시력에 대한 1차 회귀직선방정식은 Y=-0.6854X+1.1764 (F=7.054, P<0.01)로 나타나 원시도와 시력 감소의 유의한 상관관계가 확인되었다. 시력과 난시도의 관계는 Y=2.2509X-2.8738 (F=21.7952, P<0.001)로 나타나 유의한 상관관계가 확인되었다. 결론: 근시, 원시, 난시 모두 시력과 유의한 상관관계가 확인되었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

목적: 일상생활에서의 조도 환경에 따라 써클 소프트콘택트렌즈의 착색부분에 의한 콘택트렌즈 착용자의 동공 가 려짐 정도를 확인하고 동공의 가려짐에 따른 시력 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 20대 82안을 대상으로 비착색 부위가 렌즈 중심부 6.2 mm 직경인 써클 콘택트렌즈를 착용시키고 50 lx 및 370 lx의 조도에서 최소분리시력 및 최소가독시력을 측정하였다. 결과: 370 lx에서는 써클 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 착색부위에 의한 동공의 가려짐이 없었으나, 50 lx에서는 모든 실험대상안의 동공이 써클 콘택트렌즈에 의한 가려짐이 나타났으며 그 범위는 0.40~1.70 mm이었다. 50 lx에서는 써클 콘택트렌즈의 착용에 의해 최소가독시력 및 최소분리시력이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였으며, 동공 크기가 큰 실험대상안 일수록 시력의 감소 정도가 더 커지는 상관관계를 가짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 최소분리시력의 감소 정도가 최소가독시력의 경우보다 더 크게 나타나 동공의 가려짐에 의해 최소분리시력이 더 크게 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 조도가 낮은 실내에서나 야간 활동 시의 써클 콘택트렌즈 착용은 시력에 직접적으로 영향을 끼칠 수 있으므로 이에 대한 착용자 및 제조사의 고려가 필요하다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2015

목적: 현행법상 음주 단속의 측정기준이 되는 호흡 알코올 농도(BrAC) 증가가 시력과 타각적 굴절검사 값에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 23명의 20대 남성(평균연령 $21.17{\pm}2.19$세, BMI $22.09{\pm}2.16$)을 대상으로 호흡 알코올 농도 0%, 0.05%, 0.08%에서 원 근거리 시력검사와 개방형 자동굴절력계를 이용한 타각적 굴절검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 호흡 알코올 농도가 증가할수록 원거리 시력은 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였고 근거리 시력은 변화하지 않았다. 또한 호흡 알코올 농도가 증가할수록 타각적 굴절검사 값은 (-) 방향으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론: 음주로 인한 호흡 알코올 농도 증가는 교정시력의 감소와 교정굴절력이 (-) 방향으로 증가하는 원인이 될 수 있으므로 시력검사와 굴절검사는 비음주상태에서 진행해야 할 필요성이 있다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2013

Purpose: This purpose of study was to investigate the relationships among functional state, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction in the elderly with decreased visual acuity. Methods: The subjects were 162 elderly people from the G university hospital. Functional state was measured by Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) and Minimum Data Set-Home Care version 2.0 (MDS HC 2.0). Self-efficacy and Life satisfaction were measured by the tool of Rho & Lee (2011) and Yoon (2007). Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and logistic regression. Results: The daily life function was significantly associated with self-efficacy and vision decrease. The regression model with these two variables explained 35.6% of the variance of daily life function. IADL was significantly associated with vision decrease, age, gender, and self-efficacy. The regression model with the three variables explained 52.9% of the variance of IADL. Life satisfaction is significantly associated with self-efficacy, daily life function, vision decrease and IADL. The last regression model with the four variables explained 51.8% of the variance of life satisfaction. Conclusion: The levels of functional state, self-efficacy and life satisfaction in the elderly with decreased visual acuity were low. Self-efficacy was an important factor that influences on the functional state and life satisfaction. Therefore, nursing interventions that can enhance the self-efficacy are required in order to increase the functional state and life satisfaction in the elderly with decreased visual acuity.