• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2010

This study aimed at analyzing physical characteristics of art-walls which is a focal point in contemporary interiors of the apartment houses. The factors for the analysis were types of apartments, positions, widths, compositions of elevation, and materials of art-walls. 89 art-walls were selected for the analysis ranging from $76m^2$ to $187m^2$. The result shows that wood was mostly applied to art-walls in small types of apartment in combination with other materials, and the composition of elevation was asymmetric. If the width of art-walls became smaller, the elevation was dominantly designed with symmetrical grid using tiles. Tiles turned out to be the general material for the single-applied material. However, if more than two materials were applied to art-walls, wood was chosen as the main material. Regardless of the types of apartment, big-sized art-walls were usually designed in the living room, and two different types of materials were applied to the walls. It reveals that art-walls of apartment houses have been planned and designed with focuses on the living room in the housing space. To make a modular panel for the art-walls, 400mm and 800mm sizes were both suggested, 400mm for the smaller composition, and 800mm for the larger composition of the art-walls. A Wall image is becoming more essential to the living space these days, because it can be both decorative and also supportive to residents' various individualities. Therefore, it is expected that further researches on art-walls are continuously performed, and also various designs of art-walls based on the modular system are developed in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.1 s.100
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• pp.81-96
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• 2006

Fashion is very superficial. However, it is expressed through the culture that is a cause of internal change and therefore its contents are defined by the cultural features. In this study, to study the aesthetic properties of the French fashion, the internal fashion contents are defined according to the cultural characteristics of France and based on the definition, the external features are investigated. The cultural characteristic was analyzed based on the reference literatures on the French culture. Based on the cultural characteristics of France, the aesthetical properties of the contemporary French fashion can be analyzed as follows: ${\cdot}$Dualism is the internal contents of the French culture with multiple sources, and it implies that opposing values such as female and male, traditionalism and modernism, simplicity and decoration are coexisting. Simplicity is pursued but decorative elements are in harmony and new phase of time is reflected while certain style has lasted for a long period of time to become a tradition. Furthermore, a rational trend combining masculinity and femininity, simultaneously exist with a trend that emphasizes feminine image. ${\cdot}$Multiculturism is a mysterious feature that has adapted the oriental or other cultural factors into the forms, patterns, colors and material of costumes. It has also been reconstructed with the French and the modern tastes. ${\cdot}$Avant-gardism is pursuing a novel aesthetic value against the former value system. It recognizes the human body as an object of figurative arts therefore emphasizes the body with geometric shapes to deny the fixed-idea, or engraft new materials and technologies to express the futuristic aspects.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 1995

It is thought as more important for us to understand foreign countrie's culture in the modern society. because the world is becoming closer day by day thiough the develepment of communication and mass-media. Cross-cultural study could play a role to give an opportunity for people to understand foreign countrie’s culture easily.In this respect, this study was planned to find out similarity and difference between Danish and Korean folk tables made and used before the 20th century during the 18th-l9th century as a part of the comparative study of folk furniture between the two countries. It would be very interesting if we could find something valuable between Danish and Korean folk furniture. because they are located very far away each other geographically with less cultural communication before.There were more differences than similarity between the folk tables of the two countries and major findings were as followings : Firstly, there were many kinds of space-saving tables in Denmark. whereas only a few kinds of tables which could be removed easily after their usage were found in KoreaSecondly, Banish folk tables were more emphasized on the function rather than decoration. Whereas Korean folk tables were smaller lower and more decorative than Danish ones to fit their life-style of sitting on the floor.Thirdly, many Danish folk tables were made of bare wood. while Korean ones were finished by transparent lacquer or vegetable oil. Stone tops if tables were rare in both countries. Lastly. there were common factors in the design of legs of folk tables in both countries. It was interesting that animal legs such as deg tiger cat. lion, and eagle were used for design motif of the table legs. But trestle leg, cross leg and gate leg were not found in Korean folk tables. As a conclusion, throughout this study, it became obvious that life-style was one of the most important factor influencing on the design of furniture.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.903-919
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• 2016

This study aimed to contribute to the development of various female fashion designs by reviewing the genderless styles in androgynous trends that have loomed large in women's fashion, as well as through analyzing and organizing the changes in women's fashion that were required in a society in which various values coexist. A literature review was conducted to identify the genderless concepts, through which a total of 1,273 materials were selected from 10 brands of the S/S collections, during the period of 2006~2016. The results were as follows: first, without the juxtaposition of incongruous objects or images and a fixed type of color arrangements, the compromise shown in women's fashion were mostly expressed through various tones and diverse colors, and with the mixed use of heterogeneous patterns and materials. Second, the enjoyment of genderless styles was expressed with the unexpectedness that occur through symmetry/asymmetry and harmony/disharmony, as well as through the deviation from conventional notions regarding clothing structures. Third, the exaggeration expressed in women's clothing collections perfectly covered up a woman's body shape with the silhouette of exorbitantly expanded bulk and dimensions. These were done with extended lengths, expanded adornments, and modified clothing design types or structures. Fourth, the sensuality of genderless styles analyzed in women's fashion was expressed with mannish clothing that accentuates the beauty of the female body. Lastly, the historicity shown in genderless styles was expressed through clothing that represented traditional styles of the past, the symbolic meanings expressed in the clothes' colors and patterns, and the methods in which the decorative factors were utilized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.163-174
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to review the features of eroticism expressed in men's fashion, to explain psychological and social contexts which engender eroticism and to analyze in what way eroticism is portrayed in men s fashion in this context. Eroticism as the metonymy of forbidden sexual desire, has been embodied mostly in visual forms such as picture and photo. From a psychoanalytic view, the context in which eroticism is formed can be explained by primary narcissism and fetishism. Primary narcissism is the feeling of satisfaction with the self in which the subject who is admiring and the object of admiration are one and the same. Accordingly, in order to give rise to eroticism, both subject and object have to exist. Fetishism, the metonymy of castrated penis, is also one of the factors to produce eroticism. Metaphorically seen as a woman who has a penis, a man who dresses in the same manner as a woman dresses can be a source of eroticism to gays. From a sociological view, the context in which eroticism is fostered depends on the dynamic relations among social powers. In these relations, who is a subject or who is an object has been continuously changing. In the Post-modern culture appearing in the late 20th century, power begins to take various forms, and gays and women who had never been subjects begin to make man an object of eroticism. The other point is that social morality, ignoring desire itself, objectifies sexual desire and seeks to remove It by exchanging it for objectified symbols. The design elements provoking eroticism in men s fashion are exposure and decoration. In particular, models in exposure and decorative fashion have been objectified through the methods of fragmentation rather than showing the whole figure or removing a person s individuality or will,.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of clothes phenomenon of the ruling class women on the Heian period of Japan in the aspects of politics, economics, society, culture, and religion. The findings of the study are as follows. The main characteristics of the Heian period of Japan may include a rare sense of internationalism, low sense of nationalism, and frequent cases of political intrigue. However, noble culture, centered on royal court, was flourished and it enabled to develop sophisticated and graceful culture. During the Nara period and the Heian period (from $8^{th}$ to $12^{th}$ century), there were enormous changes in the clothes, starting from the mid $10^{th}$ century. The clothes of the ruling class in the Heian period underwent changes from the imitative clothes-imitating the clothes of the Tang age of China- to Japanesque clothes-adding the aesthetic consciousness of Japanese ruling class people. Particularly, the clothes of the ruling class women became massive, majestic, and decorative. The changed clothes had also features such as layered look, utilizing underwear as outer garments, using a wide variety of colors, and using hard and solid materials to make clothes. It can be concluded that the clothes of the ruling class people in the Heian period were affected by plural factors such as national and international political situation, economics, society, culture, and religion. The clothes were used by ruling class people as means of expressing their noble and sophisticated beauty, which led to produce humanistic beauty. The Heian period can be described as an era of the highest reach of humanity.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2015

Today, boundaries between genres are collapsed and there are mutual convergence and consilience in each field of the society. In art and design, new concepts for the convergence of art and design, such as graft of 'art and design' and 'technology and art', 'art design', 'commercialization of art', etc, are suggested. Especially, furniture is changed from the furniture as a living tool whose purpose is practical properties to the furniture combined by artistic properties and emotional factors with a concept related to the convergence of art and design, such as 'design as an art', 'useable art', etc. For the evidence, Artfurniture which was treated as just a part of decorative arts is focused by expressive media of the convergence between art and design and it became a genre of independent art. In addition, it is approaching to people as 'furniture as an art' and 'art as furniture'. Popularization of art and art of design are generalized and now, it's meaningless to divide the boundary between art and design. Before the discussion about convergence of each concept in non-boundary phenomena of art and design, it should be grasp essentials of art and design and understand the boundaries. The exploration of the essences and roles will be the first step to find new value through the convergence of art and design. Therefore, this thesis intends to grasp the stream value of two concepts have been changed by examining periodical situation, market changes, etc. from division between previous art and design to modern times, based on them, analyze roles of art and design in modern artfurniture and interpret relations between art and design for current time.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.116-125
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• 2017

The study is aimed to analyze cases of hotel room designs based on the 'Art Quotient'. It is focused on design elements of livability, analyzing the space design in terms of biophilic design and experiential marketing. This paper proposes a direction for hotel design based on the analysis result. The scope of the study includes the cases of 17 hotels in the area of Seoul achieving five stars in Korea. This paper presents an analysis whether the room space of hotels provide a user-oriented life experience from the perspective of biophilic design and experiential marketing. In this study, we focused on the concept of 'refuge', one of the biophilic design elements that express the value of life sense, and the element of 'sense', one of the strategic experiential modules of experiential marketing. After analyzing the hotel case studies, the space was evaluated using five factors of art quotient as a design method to provide a life experience in the hotel room. Analysis of the design space from the viewpoint of refuge, rather than architectural elements, proved that decorative elements appeared most commonly in all hotel rooms. Further, through an analysis based on the measures of 'sense', an experiential element, visual elements were mostly enforced in among the elements of the five senses. In other words, when designing a hotel room space, visual elements such as color, pattern, furniture, lighting and style are mainly utilized. Examining the analysis of the design elements from the point of view of the art quotient, the rooms of all the hotel's suite types include elements of 'communication'. Most of the hotel rooms focused on stimulating the aesthetic sensibility of customers. This resulted in the elements of 'immersion' showing poor results. In conclusion, it is necessary to provide the five senses of the arts index in a balanced manner to provide a life experience through the five senses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1430-1440
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• 2009

This study is on the abstract expressionist techniques among the art activities variously expressed in modern fashion. Its significance lies in making fashion artistic through the combination of fashion and art in contributing to the development of creative fashion culture. In terms of method, documents are used to characterize the concept of abstract expressionism, the works of representative artists, and the panting techniques in relation to modem art based on existing literature. Fashion-related anthology, domestic, and foreign fashion magazines were used to analyze the abstract expressionism applied to modern fashion since 2000. According to the findings, the abstract expressionism applied to modern fashion showed artistic expressions with the abstract beauty by chance, using only the images or techniques similar to those in abstract expressionism. Expressionist works had abstract and dynamic images, as they were given a third dimension through the process of being worn on the human body. Second, details or decorative factors were excluded to ensure the maximum space for expression, modem images were displayed using the simple forms such as silhouettes (spacious or dense) and the beauty of harmony was shown that had beauty emphasized by the expression effects of textile design, the division of space, and the composition of colors. Third, the action painting techniques in modern fashion were used for textile designs printed on the surface of clothes, and the dynamic character of the design was shown by the duplication and juxtaposition of stains created by chance. The color field abstract techniques were shown through printing, texture, and dying, in addition the intense and pure abstract images were displayed by treating clothes like large screens.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 1986

Plywood used for construction as a decorative inner material is inflammable and can fire accident, causing destruction of human life and property. In this study, 3.5mm Kapur plywoods were soaked in the 23% monoammonium phosphate solutions by cold soaking method 3, 6, 9hrs and hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, and redrying was carried out by press-drying at the platen temperature of 110, 130, 160, 180$^{\circ}C$, and then fire test was carried out to investigate burning point, flame exhausted length, frame spread length, back side carbonized area and weight loss. The results are as follows; 1. In cold soaking method for 3, 6, 9hrs. retentions of monoammonium phosphate were 0.377, 0.448, 0.498kg/(30cm)$^3$ respectively, and in hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, the retention was 1.331kg(30cm)$^3$ that exceeded the minimum retention 1.124kg/(30cm)$^3$. 2. Correlation coefficients among the variable were shown in table 2. From the table, it could be recognized that there were close negative correlations between the treatment and burning point, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, flame exhausted time and weight loss, and there was negative correlation between treating time and back side carbonized area, but there was positive correlation between platen temperature and burning point. 3. From table 3, it can be observed that there were highly significant differences for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, back side carhonized area, weight loss between treatments. And in 2-way interactions, there were also highly significant for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, weight loss between time x treatment. 4. It was observed that burning point, flame exhausted time, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, and weight loss in fire-retardant treated plywood were the best effects in fire-retardant treated plywood, water treated plywood and nontreated plywood. In conclusion, I can estimate that absorbed chemical contents by hot-cold bath method for 3/3hrs, have a lot of effects on fire-retardant factors such as burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, backside carbonized area and weight loss, but platen temperatures have a little effects on the fire factors.