• Title/Summary/Keyword: Decomposing Plant Residues

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Analysis of Growth Characteristics and Physiological Disorder of Korean Ginseng Affected by Application of Decomposing Plant Residues in Paddy-Converted Field (인삼 논재배 시 식물성 유기물 시용 수준에 따른 인삼 생육특성 및 생리장해 분석)

  • Jang, In Bae;Hyun, Dong Yun;Lee, Eung Ho;Park, Kee Choon;Yu, Jin;Park, Hong Woo;Lee, Sung Woo;Kim, Gi Hong
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.140-146
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out to investigate the difference of the content of soil chemical components and growth characteristics in six years old ginseng affected by application of decomposing plant residues in paddy-converted field. The results show that aerial parts of ginseng are no difference between press cake (PC) 200 kg/10a and control but subterranean parts of ginseng PC 200 kg/10a, especially quantity related root fresh weight and tap root diameter, are statically about 1.6 times heavier and about 1.2 times thicker than the ginseng control. Furthermore, the survival rate of PC 200 kg/10a is 67.1% rise significantly compare with the control 50.7%. But compared with the PC 200 kg/10a and the PC 400 kg/10a, ginseng root growth and survival rate of PC 400 kg/10a get worse and that increase physiological disorder occurrence rate than PC 200 kg/10a. Even though there are no significant differences between the ginseng of decomposing plant residues except press cake treatment and the ginseng of control in growth characteristics, it does tend to increase the survival rate and decrease the physiological disorder occurrence rate in most fertilizer treatment except for RSC 2 ton/10a, RSC 4 ton/10a and RH 4 kL/10a. Noted that EC is highly increased and exceeded 1.7 ds/m in RSC 2 ton/10a, RSC 4 ton/10a and RH 4kL/10a. It would be caused physiological disorder in many ways and affected ginseng growth characteristics, survival rate.

Changes in the Contents of Some Organic Acids in The Hydrolysates of Decomposing Straws of Rice, Barley, Wheat and Rye (고간류(藁稈類)의 부숙과정중(腐熟過程中) 가수분해물중(加水分解物中)의 유기산(有機酸) 함량(含量) 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Choi, Kang-Soon;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.302-305
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    • 1991
  • Six low-molecular-weight organic acids from decomposing plant residues were analyzed, which were formic, acetic, succinic, malic, tartaric, and citric acids. Straws of rice, barley, wheat, and rye were put under acid- hydrolysis after decomposition for different periods of time. The contents of organic acids in the hydrolysates were determined. 1. The relative molarity of a low-molecular-weight organic acid varies with the passage of the time of decomposition. 2. In general, formic and acetic acids were the major low-molecular-weight organic acids in all samples. 3. Malic acid was found to be only in a trace amount in rice and barley straws, and in their decomposed residues. 4. The relative molarities of total monocarboxylic acids(formic and acetic) increased with the progressing time of decomposition, far exceeding those of dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids combined together. 5. Formic and acetic acids were compensatory for each other and they were supposed to persist for a long time in soil environment.

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Changes of Monosaccharides Contents in Hydrolysates of Decomposing Plant Residues (식물성(植物性) 유기물질(有機物質)의 부숙과정중(腐熟過程中) 단당류(單糖類)의 함량(含量) 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Jang, Yong-Seon;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 1990
  • The amounts of monosaccharides in acid hydrolysates of decomposing plant residues under laboratory conditions were determined. Straw of cereal rice and barley, wild grass cutting, and litters of deciduous and coniferous forest trees were treated to decompose for 90 days. Samples for the analysis of mono-saccharides were taken at 3 different periods of incubation. 1. Fractions of monosaccahrides in plant residues steadily decreased with the time of decomposition. In some samples there appeared an intermediate stages where the fractions reached the highest level. 2. Decomposition of barley straw occured at a faster rate than that of rice straw, and so did the decomposition of deciduous litter than that of coniferous litter. 3. Cereal crop residues of rice and barley were richer in monosaccharides than residues of wild grass cutting and forest litters. 4. Distiction between monosaccharides of plant origin and those of microbial origin was not possible to make in this study. 5. Glucose was the predominent monosaccharide and fucose was the monosaccharide contained in the smallest amount. No measurable ribose was detected from any sample. 6. The relative proportion of galactose in creased with the time of incubation. 7. In general, the proportion of fucose decreased with time and so did that of rhamnose, rhamnose of rice straw residue being the exception. 8. The orders of abundance of monosaccharides after decomposition of 90 days were as the following: in rice straw; glucose > xylose > arabinose > galactose > rhamnose > mannose > fucose, in barley straw; glucose > xylose > arabinose > galactose> mannose > rhamnose > fucose, in wild grass cutting; glucose > xylose > galactose arabinose> rhamnose mannose > fucose, in deciduous litter; glucose > arabinose > xylose galactose > mannose > rhamnose = fucose, and in coniferous litter; glucose > xylose > galactose > arabinose mannose > rhamnose > fucose.

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Amino Acid Contents in the Hydrolysates of Fulvic Acids Extracted from Decomposing Plant Residues (부숙식물유체(腐熟植物遺體)에서 추출(抽出)한 Fulv 산(酸) 가수분해(加水分解) 용액중(溶液中)의 Amino 산함량(酸含量))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.188-192
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    • 1990
  • Sixteen amino acids in the hydrolysates of fulvic acid fraction from 7 plant materials were determined. Analyzed amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamie acid, arginine, histidine, lysine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleusine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, threonine, proline, and methionine. Four crop residues, wild grass cuttings and forest tree litters were put under investigation. 1. The content of amino acids in fulvic acid fractions extracted after 90 days of compositing ranged from 0.15% to 0.53% by dry weight. The highest value was found in the fulvic acids of wild grass cuttings and the lowest in those of wheat straw, being equivalent to 1/5-1/31 of those found in humic acids. 2. The group of neutral amino acids shared the largest portion followed by acidic and basic amino acids. 3. Arginine was not detected in fulvic acid fractions from well decomposed residues. 4. Aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, were virtually absent in fulvic acid fractions. 5. Glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the 3 major amino acids contained in fulvic acids of well decomposed residues. With glutamic acid and aspartic acid excluded, the decreasing order of concentration of amino acids was roughly in parallel with the increasing order of molecular weight.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Humic Materials Extracted from Decomposing Plant Residues -I. Chemical Properties of Humic Acids from Plant Residues Characterized by IR Spectra (식물성(植物性) 유기물질(有機物質)의 부숙과정중(腐熟過程中) 부식특성(腐植特性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -1. 분광분석(分光分析)에 의(依)한 식물잔해(植物殘骸) 부식산(腐植酸)의 화학적(化學的) 성질규명(性質糾明))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.251-259
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    • 1987
  • Humic acids extracted from decomposing plant residues were characterized by infrared(IR) spectra. The IR spectra were further interpreted by chemical analyses for oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic, alcoholic, carbonyl, and quinionic groups. 1. The IR spectra obtained in this study were divied into three categories: spectra of humic acids from grain crop straws of rice, barley, wheat and rye produced Type I, while that from wild grass hay yielded Type II, and those from forest tree litter of the deciduous and conifers were led to give Type III. 2. There were no significant changes in the absorption bands observed among humic acids extracted at various stages of decomposition of a given Plant material. 3. The absorption band at about $3,430cm^{-1}$ represents the presence of hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups, phenolic-OH groups being the major component. 4. A close relationship was found between the total acidity and the content of phenolic-OH groups of humic acids. The content of carboxyl groups maintains a direct relationship with the content of total hydroxyl groups, and such a close relationship also exists between the content of alcoholic hydroxyls and that of total hydroxyl groups. 5. Overlapping of the absorption bands of carbonyl groups and quinones renders it difficult to make differentiation between the two. 6. A variety of non-armoatic cyclic hydrocarbons appears to be a structural component as evidenced by a sharp absorption peak near $995-1000cm^{-1}$.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Humic Materials Extracted from Decomposing Plant Residues -IV. Amino Acids in the Hydrolysates of Humic Acids Extracted from Straw of Wheat and Rye (식물성(植物性) 유기물질(有機物質)의 부숙과정중(腐熟過程中) 부후물질특성(腐朽物質特性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -IV. 밀짚과 호밀짚의 부식산(腐植酸)의 산가수분해용액중(酸加水分解溶液中) Amino 산(酸)의 함량(含量))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Lee, Wi-Young;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.416-421
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    • 1988
  • Humic acids were extracted from straw of wheat and rye at three different stages of decomposition. Contents and distribution of amino acids in the hydrolysates of humic acids were examined and the results obtained can be summarized as the following: 1. Contents and distribution of amino acids in the hydrolysates of humic acids differ from plant to plant and from one stage of decomposition to another. 2. Neutral amino acids as a group take the largest portion of the total amino acids in humic acid hydrolysates followed by the acidic and the basic. 3. The total amount of amino acids in decomposed wheat straw at the 90 days of humification was greater than that in the case of rye straw. 4. Contents of amino acids other than arginine, histidine and tyrosine were increased in the case of wheat straw, while only the contents of lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and methionine were observed to increase in the case of rye straw. 5. Exceptionally high contents of phenylalanine and tyrosine were measured in the hydrolysate from rye straw taken at the end of experimental period. 6. No amount of arginine was detected in any hydrolysate of humic acids from decomposed plant residues.

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Effects of Liquid Fertilizer of Application from Rendered Livestock Carcass Residues on Maize Cultivation (랜더링 처리된 가축사체 잔류물로 제조한 액비 시용이 옥수수 재배에 미치는 효과)

  • Jae-Hyuk Park;Se-Won Kang;Jin-Ju Yun;Han-Na Cho;Seung-Gyu Lee;So-Hui Kim;Seong-Woo Choi;Ju-Sik Cho
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.236-244
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND: Liquid fertilizers can provide nutrients to crops effectively and quickly. Amino acid liquid fertilizers produced by decomposing the residues of rendered livestock carcasses are expected to be effective in improving the productivity and quality of crops. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatment conditions for maize cultivation were control (Cn), inorganic fertilizer (IF), inorganic fertilizer and rendering residue liquid fertilizer (IF+RALF), compost (CP), compost and rendering residue liquid fertilizer (CP+RALF). Crop productivity, sugar content, and nutrient uptake were investigated after maize harvest in the field applied with liquid fertilizers. Maize yields ranged from 87.6-158 g/plant, and the yield increased by 7.9% and 12.9% in IF+RALF IF+RALF and CP+RALF than in IF and CP, respectively. The maize sugar content increased in the range of 0.1-0.5 brix % by rendering residue liquid fertilizer (RALF) fertilization, and the sugar content was the highest in CP+RALF. There was no significant change in soil chemical properties of the soil due to liquid fertilizer treatment. CONCLUSION(S): RALF increased yield and sugar content in maize cultivation, and fertilization with organic fertilizers was more effective for maize cultivation than inorganic fertilizers. Residues of rendered livestock carcass can be recycled as amino acid fertilizers, which can be effectively used for crop production and quality improvement.

A Study on the Characteristics of Humic Materials Extracted from Decomposing Plant Residues -V. Amino Acids in the Hydrolysates of Humic Acids Extracted from Wild Grass Hay and Forest Litters (식물성(植物性) 유기물질(有機物質)의 부숙과정중(腐熟過程中) 부후물질(腐朽物質) 특성(特性)에 관한 연구(硏究) -V. 산야초(山野草)와 수목엽부식산(樹木葉腐植酸)의 산가수분해용액중(酸加水分解溶液中) Amino 산(酸)의 함량(含量))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Lee, Wi-Young;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1989
  • A series of experiments was conducted to determine the contents and distribution of amino acids in the hydrolysates of humic acids extracted from 3 plant materials. Wild grass hay, and leaves of forest trees were used in this study. Seventeen amino acids were analyzed and their amounts determined. Results obtained from the experiments are summarized in the following: 1. Contents and distribution of hydrolyzable amino acids in the humic acid fractions depend on the kind of plant materials and the allowed time for humification. 2. Neutral amino acids was the largest part of the total amino acids, followed by acidic amino acids, and basic amino acids. 3. The total amounts of amino acids in the hydrolyzable humic acid fractions of well humified residues were in the following order: wild grass hay > leaves of deciduous trees > leaves of coniferous trees 4. In general the relative amounts of lysine increased with humification progressing. S. Glycine and glutamic acid were the two major amino acids in common for the hydrolysate of humic acids extracted from well decomposed residues of plant materials. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and leucine were the five major amino acid in common in raw materials without exception. 6. Arginine appeared to be absent in any of the hydrolysates of humic acids from well humified plant materials. 7. Phenylalanine and tyrosine were present in all hydrolysates and their relative contents increased with the humification of plant materials.

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Changes of Some Organic Acids in the Hydrolysates of Decomposing Litters of Wild Grasses and Tree Leaves (부숙과정중(腐熟過程中) 낙엽류(落葉類) 가수분해물(加水分解物)의 유기산함량(有機酸含量) 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Choi, Kang-Soon;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.407-410
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    • 1992
  • Changes in the concentrations of six low-molecular-weight organic acids extracted from hydrolysates of plant residues undergoing decomposition for 90 days under the laboratory condition were investigated. 1. Litters of deciduous and coniferous trees and wild grass cuttings were sampled for the study and concentrations of formic, acetic, succinic, tartaric, malic and citric acids were determined. The concentration of malic acid were negligible. 2. In the wild grass cuttings, the total concentration of low-molecular-weight organic acids decreased with the passage of decomposition. Monocarboxylic acids, I. e., formic and acetic acids, predominated over dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic acids. Formic and acetic acids appeared to be compensatory for each other. Concentration of citric acid increased at a remarkable rate. 3. The total concentration of organic acids in the hydrolysates of deciduous litter was shown to increase. The concentration of monocarboxylic acids was significantly higher in the end of the period of decomposition. Here again a compensatory relationship was observed between concentrations of formic and acetic acids. 4. There was comparatively little change exhibited during the period of experiment concerning the concentrations of organic acids from hydrolysates of decomposing coniferous litter. In contrast with the others, however, the concentration of succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, maintained the highest level.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Humic Materials Extracted from Decomposing Plant Residues -III. Amino Acids in the Acid Hydrolysates of Humic Acids Extracted from Straw of Rice and Barley (식물성(植物性) 유기질(有機質)의 부숙과정중(腐熟過程中) 부식특성(腐植特性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -III. 볏짚과 보리짚부식산(腐植酸)의 산가수분해(酸加水分解) 용액중(溶液中) Amino 산(酸)의 함량(含量))

  • Kim, Jeong-Je;Lee, Wi-Young;Shin, Young-Oh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.301-306
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    • 1988
  • Contents and distribution of amino acids in the hydrolysates of humic acids extracted from straw of rice and barley at three different dates during decomposition were examined. The results obtained from this study may be summed up as the following: 1. There are differences between the humic acid hydrolysates from rice straw and barley straw in regards of composition of humic acids and distribution of amino acids. 2. Neutral amino acids as a group occupy the largest share, followed by acidic amino acids and basic amino acids. 3. The total amount of amino acids per gram of humic acid is greater in straw of rice than in straw of barley. 4. With the humification progressing the content of lysine increases, but the content of histidine decreases. In general glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and leucine constitute the 5 predominant amino acids in all hydrolysates. 5. Arginine is not detected at all in any of the hydrolysates of humic acids obtained from humified materials. 6. The presence of phenylalanine and tyrosine is an evidence for the aromatic characteristics of humic acids.

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