• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2008

In this study, Fe(VI) was employed as a multi-functional agent to treat the simulated industrial wastewater contaminated with Cu(II)-EDTA through oxidation of EDTA, decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA and subsequent removal of free copper through precipitation. The decomplexation of $10^{-4}\;M$ Cu(II)-EDTA species was performed as a function of pH at excess concentration of Fe(VI). It was noted that the acidic conditions favor the decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA as the decomplxation was almost 100% up to pH 6.5, while it was only 35% at pH 9.9. The enhanced degradation of Cu(II)-EDTA with decreasing the pH could be explained by the different speciation of Fe(VI). $HFeO_4^-$ and $H_2FeO_4$, which are relatively more reactive than the unprotonated species $FeO_4^{2-}$, are predominant species below neutral pH. It was noted that the decomplexation reaction is extremely fast and within 5 to10 min of contact, 100% of Cu(II)-EDTA was decomplexed at pH 4.0. However, at higher pH (i.e., pH 10.0) the decomplexation process was relatively slow and it was observed that even after 180 min of contact, maximum ca 37% of Cu(II)-EDTA was decomplexed. In order to discuss the kinetics of the decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA, the data was slightly fitted better for the second order rate reaction than the first order rate reaction in the excess of Fe(VI) concentration. On the other hand, the removal efficiency of free Cu(II) ions was also obtained at pH 4.0 and 10.0. It was probably removed through adsorption/coagulation with the reduced iron i.e., Fe(III). The removal of total Cu(II) was rapid at pH 4.0 whereas, it was slow at pH 10.0. Although the decomplexation was 100% at lower pH, the removal of free Cu(II) was relatively slow. This result may be explicable due to the reason that at lower pH values the adsorption/coagulation capacity of Fe(III) is greatly retarded. On the other hand, at higher pH values the decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA was partial, hence, slower Cu(II) removal was occurred.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.265-269
• /
• 1995

Complexation of ortho-xylyl-17-crown-5 (X17C5) with alkali metal ions in acetonitrile was studied by 7Li and 23Na NMR spectroscopy. The complex formation constants of X17C5 with LiI, LiSCN, NaI, and NaSCN were determined by investigating the changes in the chemical shifts as a function of the concentration ratio of X17C5 to metal ion. It was found that X17C5 forms 1:1 complex with Li+ and Na+ ions and the log Kf's for the complexation with LiI, LiSCN, NaI, and NaSCN were determined to be 2.88, 2.43, 2.53, and 2.30, respectively. In particular, the kinetics of complexation of X17C5 with Na+ was investigated by the method of 23Na NMR lineshape analysis. Activation energies were determined from Arrhenius plot of the resultant rate constant data to be 25.4 kJ/mol for NaI and 15.1 kJ/mol for NaSCN. Other kinetic parameters were also calculated by employing the Eyring equation. The decomplexation rates measured were 1.82 × 104 M-1s-1 for NaI and 1.50 × 104 M-1s-1 for NaSCN. It is concluded that the decomplexation mechanism is predominantly a bimolecular cation exchange for both cases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.95-98
• /
• 2007

Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been widely investigated for delivery of DNA into cells. It was previously reported that there were at least two types of cytotoxicity in PEI-mediated gene delivery, immediate and delayed toxicities. PEI-mediated gene delivery protocols use net cationic complexes with an excess of PEI to maintain equilibrium between the complexed and dissociated forms in solution. In this study, toxicity of free PEI or PEI/ DNA complex was investigated. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were incubated with free PEI or PEI/DNA complex for 4 hrs. Then, the cells were analyzed at 6, 24, 48, and 96 hrs after the incubation. In MTT assay, the viability of the cells incubated with PEI/DNA complex was continuously decreased with time, while that of the cells incubated with free PEI was not. On the contrary, the expression level of the luciferase gene increased gradually along with time. Release of DNAs from the complexes for transcription produces free PEIs in the cells. This process may proceed slowly due to high charge density of PEI and may be related to delayed toxicity. In addition, apoptotic cells were observed only in the cells incubated with the PEI/DNA complex from 24 hrs after the incubation. The results suggest that PEI/DNA complex contributes to the delayed toxicity by inducing apoptosis and that the delayed toxicity may be related to decomplexation of the complexes in the cells.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2005

Effect of the pH, molar ratio of Cu(II)/EDTA, concentration of Cu(II)-EDTA and ionic strength on the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) of Cu(II)-EDTA in solar light was studied in this work. Experimental results in this work were compared with previous results obtained with UV-lamp. In the kinetics, Cu(II)-EDTA decomposition was favorable below neutral pH. The removal of Cu(II) and DOC was favorable as $TiO_2$ dosage increased. The initial rate for the decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA linearly increased as the concentration of Cu(II)-EDTA increased. The removal of Cu(II) and DOC was not much affected by variation of ionic strength with $NaClO_4$ as a background ion while much reduction was observed in the presence of background ions having higher formal charges. The removal trend of Cu(II) and DOC with variation of ionic strength and concentration of Cu(II)-EDTA in solar light was similar with that in UV light. Variation of the molar ratio of Cu(II)/EDTA showed a negligible effect on the removal of both Cu(II) and DOC. However, removal of both Cu(II) and DOC was two-times greater than that previous results obtained with UV light.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제30권7호
• /
• pp.729-734
• /
• 2008

높은 산화상태를 갖는 철화합물인 ferrate(Fe$^{6+}$)를 Cu(II)-EDTA가 오염된 폐수를 처리하는데 적용하였다. Fe(VI)는 3가 철염에 차아염소산을 가하여 습식 산화시키는 방법을 적용하여 제조하였으며 93% 이상의 순도를 얻을 수 있었다. 용액에서의 Fe(VI)의 안정성은 pH가 낮을수록 자체분해반응이 가속화됨으로써 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 자외선-가시광선 분광광도계를 사용하여 Fe(VI)의 환원정도를 측정하였다. 실험실규모의 연속회분식 반응장치를 Cu(II)-EDTA 함유 폐수처리에 적용함으로서 Cu(II)-EDTA의 산화특성, Fe(III)에 대한 구리이온의 거동 특성 그리고 유기물의 제거능을 조사하였다. 연속처리를 위한 반응조 및 pH 조정조에서 총 구리의 제거는 체류시간 120분에서 각각 69% 및 75%로서 최대 제거율을 보였으며 체류시간 120분 경과 후 Cu(II)-EDTA의 비착물화 정도는 80% 이상을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 Fe(VI)를 다기능성 처리제로서 사용하여 Cu(II)와 EDTA가 함께 존재하는 폐수를 연속적으로 처리하는 공정을 개발하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권8호
• /
• pp.844-851
• /
• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 $TiO_2$를 이용한 Cu(II)-EDTA 광촉매 반응 후의 $TiO_2$를 재사용 흑은 재생함으로써 연속적인 광산화 반응에 적용할 수 있는 타당성을 조사하기 위해 총 8회에 걸친 연속 광산화반응에서의 구리 및 $TiO_2$의 회수율과 처리수내의 상대급성독성을 평가하였다. 순환형의 회분식 광산화반응장치를 사용하고 pH 6 조건에서 인공자외선 조사에 의한 $10^{-4}\;M$ Cu(II)-EDTA의 광촉매 산화반응을 실시하였으며 두가지의 $TiO_2$ 재이용방법을 사용하였다: i) 산세척하지 않고 $TiO_2$ 재이용, ii) 산세척 후의 $TiO_2$ 재이용. 산세척하지 않고 $TiO_2$ 재이용시, Cu(II)-EDTA의 분해속도상수($k'_{obs}$) 평균은 산세척 후의 $TiO_2$ 재이용시의 $k'_{obs}$ 평균값 보다 약 45% 적게 나타났다. 산세척 후 $TiO_2$를 재이용한 경우, 총 8회 재이용 실험 모두에서 180분 이후에는 거의 완전한 Cu(II)의 제거가 일어났지만 산세척하지 않고 $TiO_2$를 재이용하였을 때에는 총 5회 재이용시에 Cu(II)가 최소로 제거되었다. 두 재이용 방법 모두 총 8회에 걸친 $TiO_2$의 평균 회수율은 약 86%로 나타났으며 산세척시의 구리회수율은 67.9%가 되었다. 산세척 후의 $TiO_2$ 재이용시 반응시간 60분 까지의 초기 반응시간 대에는 처리수내의 상대독성이 급격히 감소하였지만 60분 이후에는 독성의 저감이 크게 감소하였다. 산세척 없이 $TiO_2$를 재이용하였을 때에는 상대독성의 경향은 용존 구리이온과 관계있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 $TiO_2$ 및 구리를 회수하는 연속 순환공정을 적용함으로써 Cu(II)-EDTA의 효율적인 제거 가능성을 제안할 수 있었다.