• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.766-776
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was 1) to identify the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information in internet shopping, 2) to classify consumers based on the clothing benefits, 3) and to examine the differences among consumer groups in the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information. The data were collected from a sample of 500 internet shopper aged from 20 to 40. This study used factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. The results showed that the reasons for delay of decision making consisted of eight factors: Performance risk, Comparison shopping, Economic shopping, Social risk, Uncertainty, Expecting of market change, Product unsatisfaction, Passive shopping. The shopping information consisted of three factors: Product variety, Product information, Additional information. Five factors of clothing benefits were Economy, Figure compensation, Social position, Individuality, and Comfort. The respondents were classified into four groups by five factors of clothing benefits; Individuality seeking group, Low-benefits seeking group, Economy seeking group, Figure compensation/comfort seeking group. There were significant differences among groups in the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information among groups. Therefore, marketers need to provide different shopping information for delay closure by target groups.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2010

Purpose: Prolonged stay in the emergency department (ED), which is closely related with the time interval from the ED visit to a decision to admit, might be associated with poor outcomes for trauma patients and with overcrowding of the ED. Therefore, we examined the factors affecting the delay in the decision to admit severe trauma patients. Also, a multidisciplinary department system was preliminarily evaluated to see if it could reduce the time from triage to the admission decision. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care university hospital without a specialized trauma team or specialized trauma surgeons from January 2009 to March 2010. Severe trauma patients with an International Classification of Disease Based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) below 0.9 were included. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to find independent variables associated with a delay in the decision for admission which was defined as the time interval between ED arrival and admission decision exceeded 4 hours. We also simulated the time from triage to the decision for admission by a multidisciplinary department system. Results: A total of 89 patients were enrolled. The average time from triage to the admission decision was $5.2{\pm}7.1$ hours and the average length of the ED stay was $9.0{\pm}11.5$ hours. The rate of decision delay for admission was 31.5%. A multivariable regression analysis revealed that multiple trauma (odds ratio [OR]: 30.6, 95%; confidence interval [CI]: 3.18-294.71), emergency operation (OR: 0.55, 95%; CI: 0.01-0.96), and treatment in the Department of Neurosurgery (OR: 0.07, 95%; CI: 0.01-0.78) were significantly associated with the decision delay. In a simulation based on a multidisciplinary department system, the virtual time from triage to admission decision was $2.1{\pm}1.5$ hours. Conclusion: In the ED, patients with severe trauma, multiple trauma was a significant factor causing a delay in the admission decision. On the other hand, emergency operation and treatment in Department of Neurosurgery were negatively associated with the delay. The simulated time from triage to the decision for admission by a multidisciplinary department system was 3 hours shorter than the real one.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.526-539
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• 2013

This study analyzed the effects of internet fashion consumer's anticipated regret and the selection difficulty on decision making delay and purchase switching intention. The survey was conducted in 2012 on internet fashion consumers in their 20s to 40s from May 1 to June 30; subsequently, 487 responses were used for the data analysis. The anticipated regret of internet fashion consumers was composed of product, service, social psychology, and function-related anticipated regret. The selection difficulty of internet fashion consumers was composed of process, information, and experience-related selection difficulty. There are significant differences in anticipated regret, selection difficulty, decision making delay, and purchase switching intention by gender. The anticipated regret (product, service, and social psychology-related anticipated regret) and selection difficulty effected decision making delay. In addition, the anticipated regret for product and selection difficulty by process or information influenced purchase switching intention. The results of this study provide useful information on the success and efficient operation of internet shopping malls.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.997-1010
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• 2014

Today, as the hierarchical cellular system is getting more attention than before, some recent studies introduce delay based admission control (AC) scheme which delays the admission to the macro-embedded small cell for a relatively short time to prevent unnecessary handover caused by the short-term visitors of the small cell area. In such delay based ACs, when we use improper delay parameter, the system frequently makes incorrect handover decisions such as where unnecessary handover is allowed due to too short delaying, or where necessary handover is denied due to too long delaying. In order to avoid these undesirable situations as much as possible, we develop a new delay parameter decision method based on probabilistic cell residence time approximations. By the extensive numerical and analytical evaluations, we determine the proper delay parameter which prevents the incorrect handover decision as much as possible. We expect our delay parameter decision method can be useful system administration tips in hierarchical cellular system where delay based AC is adopted.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.637-641
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 저전력 수중음향통신 시스템을 구현하기 위해 선형 등화기에 최적화된 탭 길이를 결정하는 기법을 제안하였다. 먼저 선형 등화기에서 탭 길이와 결정지연과의 관계를 조사하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 일정 이상 MSE(Mean Square Error) 성능을 만족하는 탭 길이에 대하여 분산을 구하고 이를 활용하여 최적의 결정 지연 범위가 추정된다. 또한 탭 길이에 따른 최적의 결정지연을 결정하기 위해 MSE 그래프를 도출하였으며, 이를 통해 최적의 값을 얻어냈다. 모의실험을 수행한 결과 최대의 탭 길이에서보다 40% 적은 탭 길이로도 충분한 성능을 보여주었으며, 동해 해상시험에서 획득한 데이타에 적용한 결과 탭 계수가 충분히 수렴했다고 볼 수 있는 최대 길이의 탭보다 33% 적은 탭 길이로 충분한 성능을 보여주었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.458-470
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• 2021

한국의 정책 현실에서는 사회적으로 큰 이슈가 되지만 막상 정책 결정이 이루어지지 않는 경우가 많이 있다. 이렇게 정책 결정이 지연되는 이유로는 적정한 정책 절차를 거치기 위해서 지연되는 경우, 이해관계자의 동의가 이루어지지 않아 지연되는 경우 등도 존재하지만, 이와 같은 사유만으로 정당화되지 않는 정책 지연도 다수 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 현재 한국의 정책 결정 과정에서 정당화되지 않는 정책 지연은 정부에 의한 의도적인 무의사결정으로 설명할 수 있다는 점을 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 대한 사례로 상암동 롯데복합쇼핑몰을 제시하고, 상암동 롯데복합쇼핑몰 정책 과정을 무의사결정의 시각에서 분석하였다. 엘리트층의 존재, 목적, 정책수단, 정책과정, 결과 등의 요소들을 기반으로 분석한 결과 상암동 롯데복합쇼핑몰 건립 지연 사례는 정부의 적극적이고 전략적인 무의사결정에 의한 것으로 추정될 수 있었다. 소극행정과 구분되는 정부의 전략적인 무의사결정에 대해 향후 다양한 검토가 이루어질 필요가 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.511-522
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• 2011

This study analyzed the effects of internet fashion consumer's impulse buying tendency on positive and negative purchasing behaviors. A survey was conducted from October 1 to December 15 in 2010, and 407 responses from internet fashion consumers who made impulse purchases on the internet at least once for the last 6 months were used in the data analysis. As a result, the impulse buying tendency of internet fashion consumers was classified into pure impulse buying, reminder impulse buying, suggestion impulse buying, and stimulus impulse buying. The positive purchasing behaviors such as repurchase intention and purchase satisfaction were influenced by the impulse buying tendency. The all factors of impulse buying tendency had an effect on repurchase intention, while purchase satisfaction was influenced by the reminder impulse buying, suggestion impulse buying, and stimulus impulse buying. The negative purchasing behaviors were classified into delay in decision making and switching intention of purchase. The delay in decision making was influenced by the stimulus impulse buying, suggestion impulse buying, and reminder impulse buying. Also, the reminder impulse buying, suggestion impulse buying and pure impulse buying had an effect on switching intention of purchase. In addition, there were significant differences in the impulse buying tendency and delay in decision making between male and female internet fashion consumers.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권2C호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2003

통신 채널에서 블라인드 등화는 전송효율을 저하시키는 훈련신호나 채널의 사전 정보가 필요치 않은 장점 때문에 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 선형예측을 이용한 블라인드 등화는 등화기의 차수 추정 오차에 강인하며 적응 알고리듬을 이용하여 효율적으로 구현할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하지만 기존의 one-step 선형예측을 이용한 블라인드 등화기는 임의의 결정 지연에 대해서는 구현할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 SIMO 채널에서 one-step 순방향 선형예측 필터를 이용하여 임의의 결정 지연을 갖는 블라인드 등화기를 제안한다. 제안한 알고리듬은 순방향 추정 오차를 훈련신호로 사용하여 최적의 결정 지연을 갖는 블라인드 등화기를 구하였으며 모의실험을 통하여 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리듬의 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1707-1718
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• 2009

This study examines the effects of perceived risks on purchase decision behavior among Internet fashion consumers. The study survey used a self-administered questionnaire and a total data of 244 responses were used for analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, the perceived risks consist of 6 factors, quality risk, counterfeit product risk, credit dealing risk, social/psychological risk, size and appearance risk, and delivery risk. The purchase decision behavior consist of 3 factors, delay of purchase decision, website switching, and offline conversion behavior. Second, purchase time positively affected the quality risk and credit dealing risk. Purchase frequency negatively affected the quality risk and credit dealing risk. Third, the quality risk, size and appearance risk, counterfeit product risk, and credit dealing risk positively affected the delay of purchase decisions. Quality risk and counterfeit product risk positively affected website switching. In addition, quality risk, social/psychological risk, and credit dealing risk positively affected the offline conversion behavior. Fourth, credit dealing risk negatively affected a short term purchase intention and the delivery risk negatively affected a long term purchase intention. The social/psychological risk and credit dealing risk negatively affected the repurchase intention.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.4389-4410
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• 2014

Network coding is a promising technology that increases system throughput by reducing the number of packet transmissions from the source node to the destination node in a saturated traffic scenario. Nevertheless, some packets can suffer from end-to-end delay, because of a queuing delay in an intermediate node waiting for other packets to be encoded with exclusive or (XOR). In this paper, we analyze the delay according to packet arrival rate and propose two network coding schemes, iXOR (Intelligent XOR) and oXOR (Optimal XOR) with Markov Decision Process (MDP). They reduce the average delay, even under an unsaturated traffic load, through the Holding-${\chi}$ strategy. In particular, we are interested in the unsaturated network scenario. The unsaturated network is more practical because, in a real wireless network, nodes do not always have packets waiting to be sent. Through analysis and extensive simulations, we show that iXOR and oXOR are better than the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) without XOR (the general forwarding scheme) and XOR with DCF with respect to average delay as well as delivery ratio.