• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-47
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• 2006

우리나라의 회사채시장은 양적으로 꾸준한 성장세를 지속하였으나 여전히 질적 성숙이 그에 미치지 못하는 것으로 평가되고 있으며 외환위기 이후에도 대우채, 현대채, 카드채 사태 등의 금융시장 불안을 반복적으로 초래하였다. 회사채시장의 질적 발전이 이루어지지 못한 것은 무엇보다도 관련 인프라의 적절한 구축이 이루어지지 못한데 크게 영향 받은 것으로 판단된다. 특히 신용평가산업은 실제 발행기업의 채무상환능력을 평가하는 정보의 생성기능을 적절하게 담당하지 못한 채 제도의 이식 수준에 머물고 있다. 본 연구는 미국 SEC 및 미국학계에서 제기되고 있는 신용평가사제도 개선 논의를 고려하여 우리나라의 신용평가사제도 개선의 가능성을 모색한다. 특히, 우리나라 특유의 상황에 의해 발생하고 있는 우리나라 신용평가산업 특유의 문제들을 소유 지배구조 및 부수업무 수행에 따르는 이해상충, 역사적 발전과정, 신용등급에 대한 법리적 해석 및 경제 사회적 차이에 따르는 문제로 분류하여 지적하고 대응방향을 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제61권
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• pp.273-302
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• 2014

Project finance ("PF") is a method of raising long-term debt financing based on lending against the cash flow generated by the project alone. Project finance is a nonrecourse or limited recourse financing structure against the sponsors(or the investors). The debt terms in a project finance are not based on the creditor's credit support or on the value of the assets of the project. Lenders rely on the future cash flow to be generated by the project for debt repayment and interest, rather than the value of the project or the credit ratings of the sponsors. The non-recourse or limited recourse financing usually prompt potential project finance lenders to assess carefully all possible risks that might arise in a project to ensure that those risks are mitigated and controlled. In this respect, project finance is a opposite financing method of corporate finance. Project finance has rapidly grown over the last 20 years due to the worldwide process of privatization of public sector and development of natural resources. Global project finance volume reached the record USD 406.5 billion in 2011. In 2012, however, Global project finance volume dropped 6% to USD 382.3 billion. Infrastructure overtook Energy to lead all sectors with USD 113.6 billion. It is generally recognized that there are more and higher risks in project finance compared with corporate finance. Project finance is exposed to commercial risks as well as political risks. The main commercial risks are completion risks, environmental risks, operating risks, input supply risks, revenue risks, etc, and the main political risks are currency convertibility and transfer risks, expropriation risks, war and civil disturbance risks, risks of breach of government concession agreement, etc. Completion risks include permits risks, risks relating to the EPC Contractor, construction cost overrun, delay in completion, inadequate performance on completion, etc.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.3827-3833
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• 2011

이 논문은 정보비대칭이라는 상황에서 기업의 자본조달행태를 설명하는 자본조달순위이론의 타당성을 한국유가증권시장에 상장된 제조기업을 대상으로 실증적 검정을 하였다. 1981년부터 2010년까지 재무제표자료를 이용하여 회귀분석한 결과 자본조달순위이론이 지지되는 강력한 증거를 발견하였다. 부채의 변화량과 부족한 현금을 비롯한 통제변수들을 회귀분석한 결과 부족한 현금의 회귀계수가 유의미하게 거의 (+1)로 나타났는데 이는 바로 자본조달순위이론과 일치하는 결과로 해석되었다. 전체 표본기간을 외환위기를 기준으로 외환위기 이전, 외환위기 기간, 외환위기 이후의 3기간으로 구분하고, 연구모형도 2가지로 구분하여 분석한 결과 동일한 결과를 얻었다. 유형자산의 변화량은 대체로 정보비대칭을 감소시키는 역할보다 담보로서의 기능을 수행하는 것으로 해석되었으나, 기업규모가 감소할수록 부채의 사용이 증가하였으며 수익성이 높아질수록 부채사용이 감소하여 정보비대칭이론이 제시하는 것과 같은 결과를 얻었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2012

본 논문은 중소기업을 대상으로 재무구조가 기업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구함을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 경인지역 소재 중소기업 562개 업체를 대상으로 '09년 비유동자산구성비율, 기업규모 및 부채비율을 각각 독립변수로, 매출액영업이익률 및 자기자본순이익률을 각각 종속변수로 정하여 이들의 상관관계를 실증적으로 분석하였는바, 전반적으로 재무구조는 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2021

This study investigates the capital structure policy among Indonesian public companies. Previous studies suggest that capital structure policy could follow either static or dynamic behavior. The sample data used in this study was companies in the manufacturing sector, divided into three sub-sectors: the basic and chemical industry, miscellaneous industry, and the consumer goods industry. This study uses panel data from 2010 to 2018, with the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method and compared whether the fixed effect model is better than the common effect model. The results show that the dynamic and non-linear model tests can explain the capital structure determinants than the static and linear models. The dynamic model shows that the capital structure of a certain year is influenced by the capital structure of the previous year. The findings indicate that the company performs some adjustments in its capital structure policy by referring to the previous debt ratio, which implies support to the trade-off theory (TOT). The study also shows that profitability, tangible assets, size, and age explain the variation of capital structure policy. The patterns on the dynamic and non-linear confirm that capital structure runs in a nonlinear pattern, based on the sector, company condition, and the dynamic environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.195-210
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• 2020

This study describes the structure of the capital markets for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and startup companies in Korea, which is an emerging market that has experienced drastic changes. The overall capital market can be divided into private and public capital markets. In the private capital market, most of the demand for capital comes from non-listed private firms, including startups and SMEs. In the case of SMEs and startups, the KOSDAQ, the Korea New Exchange (KONEX), and primary collateralized bond obligations (P-CBOs) are part of the public capital market. SMEs and startups are generally incapable of raising sufficient capital owing to their low credit ratings, and they largely have limited access to primary markets to issue shares and borrow money. The Korean government has developed a systematic financial aid program to provide funds to these companies. The fund for SMEs has significantly contributed to the development of the venture capital market. Many Korean banks provide substantial lending to SMEs, but this lending is available only because of the Korean government's loan recovery guarantee. Furthermore, SMEs can issue corporate debt in the form of primary collateralized bond obligations through government guarantees, but such debt issuances have placed increasing pressure on public guarantee institutions.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to compare housing wealth effects of home-owning single income couples (SIC) and dual income couples (DIC) on their non-durable consumption and to assess the effects by location, age groups, housing structure type, debt-to-asset ratio and employment status. Using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) of 2014, this empirical study identified 1,198 SIC households and 1,044 DIC households, and employed multiple regression analysis. The main results reveal that the difference of financial portfolios between SIC and DIC households was little but housing wealth effects were stronger among SIC households than DIC counterpart. It's evident that housing wealth effects were conspicuous for SIC and DIC households who were headed by wage earners aged over 40s, and resided in apartment outside the Seoul Metropolitan Area. However, household debt became a determinant in contradicting housing wealth effects of SIC and DIC households. While the household financial dimension was in proportion to income, DIC households didn't gain much financial security due to increasing expenditure. Further, this research imply that liquidity constraints explicitly posed a more serious threat to SIC households whose dependence on housing asset is larger than their counterpart.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5663-5670
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• 2011

이 논문은 기업의 자본조달과 자본구조를 설명하는 이론으로 대표적인 정태적 절충이론과 자본조달순위이론을 2000년부터 2010년까지 11년간의 기간에 걸쳐서 한국의 중소기업이 주로 상장되어 운영되는 코스닥시장을 대상으로 분석하였다. 코스닥 시장에 거래된 금융업을 제외한 762개의 표본에 대해 전체기간, 전반기 및 하반기의 하위기간으로 구분하여 회귀분석한 결과 부채사용으로 인한 법인세 절약효과와 기업규모 증가에 따라 부채비율이 증가하는 정태적 절충이론의 주장이 일부 지지되지만, 성장기회가 많을수록 부채사용을 선호하고, 수익성이 높을수록 유보이익과 같은 내부자금을 선호함에 따라 레버리지가 감소하는 자본조달순위이론도 일부 지지하는 결과를 얻었으나 감가상각비 등을 이용한 비부채 세금절약은 자본조달 의사결정에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2016

This study examines whether Korean rating agencies such as Korea Investors Service (KIS), National Information & Credit Evaluation (NICE), and Korea Ratings Corporation (KR), incorporate corporate governance into their corporate bond ratings in Korea. We find that the Korean rating agencies assign higher ratings to the bonds issued by Chaebol (Korean business group) affiliated firms. Our results also indicate that those rating agencies give higher ratings to the bonds with greater foreign investor share ownership. Moreover, if the rating agencies value corporate governance, higher rated firms should issue bonds at lower yield to maturity. We discover that Chaebol affiliation is counted favorably by the rating agencies. We find that investors are willing to pay lower risk premium for bonds with higher institutional ownership, but higher risk premium to bonds with greater equity ownership in the form of depository receipts. Therefore, even if the rating agencies and investors in Korea consider corporate governance (Chaebol affiliation and ownership structure) an important determinant in bond ratings and the yields to maturity, they have opposite views on institutional ownership and share ownership in the form of depository receipts.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused serious impacts not only on human health but also on the economies around the world. Enterprises play an important role in the development of every country but it is also one of the most affected sectors during the pandemic. Drawing on panel data of 131 enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange from 2016Q1 to 2021Q3, this study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firm performance. Enterprises are classified into seven industries including Agriculture, Material, Industry, Real estate and Construction, Energy, Consumer, and Service. The paper also analyzes the variation of the effects among companies, focusing on differences in revenue and capital structure. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects business performance. In addition, the empirical findings indicate that revenue and debt decreasing can cause deterioration of firm performance during the pandemic period. The decrease in revenue has a direct impact on firm profitability. The reduction of debt levels affects the corporate leverage leading to adverse effects on firm performance. The negative effect is more pronounced for companies in some specific sectors including industry, real estate, construction, consumption, and services.