• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2020

This paper analyzes factors affecting the debt maturity structure of enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market. The panel data of research sample includes 549 non-financial listed enterprises on the Vietnam stock market from 2009 to 2019. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) tool is employed to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. In this research, debt maturity structure is the dependent variable. Capital structures, fixed assets, liquidity, firm size, asset maturity, profitability, corporate income tax, gross domestic product, inflation rate, credit growth scale are independent variables in the study. The model results show, that among the factors affecting the structure of debt maturity, the capital structure, asset structure, and firm size have the highest estimation coefficients, which shows that capital structure, asset structure, and firm size plays an important role in the decision-making process of debt maturity structure. The empirical results show that there are differences in the impact of these factors on the debt maturity structures in state-owned enterprises and non-state enterprises listed on the Vietnam stock market. The findings of this article are useful for business administrators, helping business managers make the right financial decisions to determine the target debt maturity structure in enterprises.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.551-559
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• 2021

The maturity structure of corporate debt is one of the significant financing choices that a firm must make simultaneously while deciding how to finance its operational and investment decisions. Even though the capital structure is one of the scrutinized topics of interest in the corporate finance literature, scarce studies have investigated corporate debt maturity, even less so in the context of emerging markets. The choice of a suitable debt maturity structure is exceptionally relevant for firms. It can enable them to avoid mismatch by aligning assets in line with liabilities, addressing agency-related problems, sidestep the ill effects of cost of capital, and signaling the firms' earning quality and value. The study investigates the firm-specific and macroeconomic determinants significant for the debt maturity structure of Vietnamese corporate firms. A sample of 722 non-financial firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi Stock Exchange in Vietnam from 2007 to 2018 was taken to test the hypothesis. The study's methods fixed effects panel data analysis provides empirical evidence that firm size, firms' quality, liquidity, leverage, asset maturity, tax impact, and macro variables are significantly related to the debt maturity structure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2022

The debt maturity structure has a significant impact on a company's financial situation. Any debt maturity structure decisions substantially impact investment decisions due to changes in capital cost and dividend decisions due to cash flow consequences. This study used the system generalized method of moment (Sys-GMM) to investigate the debt maturity structure of real estate companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) in the duration from 2008 to 20019. It found that the firm size, liquidity, and tangible assets affected the decision on debt maturity structure. The tangible asset had the most significant impact on the possibility for companies to access long-term loans. This finding revealed that the majority of the real estate companies listed on HOSE borrowed money from banks. Such decisions are most likely affected by the collateral. Another finding of the study is that financial institutions had a major impact on loan maturity structure, whereas the effects of the financial market were negligible. Besides, the real estate companies listed on HOSE seemed not to pay attention to changes in inflation, economic growth, and institutional qualities when deciding on the debt maturity structure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2022

This study examines the relationship between debt maturity structure and bankruptcy risk. There are various studies of leverage's effect on bankruptcy risk. Debt maturity, however, has not received the attention it deserves, especially in emerging markets with a high degree of information asymmetry. Using Vietnamese listed company data and various estimations, we find that leverage is positively associated with the likelihood of default. Importantly, short-term leverage shows a significantly positive effect on bankruptcy risk, while long-term leverage does not show significant results. The findings highlight that rollover risk firms are exposed to when using short-term debt increases bankruptcy risk. Meanwhile, firms do not cope with this risk in case of long-term debt adoption. High information asymmetry in emerging markets may be the main reason for the difference. The result is robust for subsamples of firms in different financial conditions, in concentrated and competitive industries, as well as for manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies. We also find that firms in a better financial situation and concentrated industries experience a higher short-term leverage effect than their counterparts. We, however, do not find a significant difference in the impact between manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies. This paper is among the first to examine the relation between debt maturity and bankruptcy risk in Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2019

The study examines the effects of growth opportunities, debt maturity and liquidity risk on leverage, making use of a large panel of Chinese listed firms. Research on capital structure has broadened its scope from a single capital structure decision (the debt/equity choice) to various attributes of the debt in firms' capital structure. We use the system Generalized Method of Moments estimator to control for unobserved heterogeneity and the potential endogeneity of regressors. We find a negative relationship between growth opportunities and leverage. Further, we find that while the proportion of short-term debt attenuates the negative effect of growth opportunities on leverage, it negatively affects leverage as predicted by the liquidity risk hypothesis. When we distinguish between state owned firms and private controlled firms, we find evidence that these effects are only relevant to private controlled firms. However, our analysis indicates that the economic implication of liquidity risk effect is much lower for Chinese firms than that observed in the literature for US firms. Our study suggests that these differences can be explained by differences in the institutional environment in which firms operate. This finding related to Diamond's (1991) liquidity risk hypothesis extends our understanding of the relationship between liquidity risk and the debt maturity choice.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-36
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 자본구조 결정시 레버리지비율과 부채만기가 동시적으로 고려될 것이라는 가정하에 우리나라 기업에 대하여 이들의 결정요인을 연립방정식 체계하에서 2단계최소자승법에 의해 분석하였다. 이러한 분석 결과, 우리나라 기업에서 레버리지비율과 부채만기는 서로 양(+)의 상관관계에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 레버리지가 높은 기업은 채무불이행위험에 직면할 가능성이 높으므로 이를 회피하기 위해 장기부채를 선호할 것이라는 Leland와 Toft(1996)의 주장과 일관성이 있다. 그러나 또 한편 이것은 주로 단기부채 위주로 자금이 공급되고 기업의 신용위험의 양극화 현상이 심한 우리나라 현실에서 대외적 신인도가 높고 신용위험이 낮은 기업일수록 부채사용이 많고 또 동시에 안정적인 장기차입이 용이한 현상을 반영한 것으로도 풀이된다. 그리고 부채만기의 결정요인으로는 앞의 선행 연구에서와 마찬가지로 대리인비용가설과 자산만기대응가설, 신호전달 및 유동성위험가설 등이 모두 대체적으로 지지되었으며, 레버리지 면에서는 주로 기업규모가 크고 채무불이행위험이 낮을수록 부채사용이 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 은행차입금 수준과 재벌의 소속 여부에 따라 표본을 구분해 본 결과, 재벌소속 기업보다는 비재벌기업에서 정보비대칭과 자금조달의 제약이 높을 것이라는 가설은 지지되었으나, OLS에 의해 동일한 분석을 시행한 기존의 연구와는 달리 은행차입이 낮은 기업에서 정보비대칭이나 대리인문제가 더 심각할 것이라는 가설을 지지하는 증거는 미약하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2015

본 연구는 중국 상장기업을 대상으로 경영자지분율과 부채만기 사이에 음(-)의 상관관계가 존재하는가를 분석한다. 중국은 자본주의의 경험이 짧아 전문경영자의 역할을 분석한 연구는 아직 미진한 상황이다. 이러한 상황에서 본 연구는 미국과 같은 선진국에서와 마찬가지로 경영자지분율이 부채만기에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 인센티브시스템으로서 경영자에 대한 주식부여의 효과를 검증한다는 데 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 기업의 경우에도 미국기업과 같이 경영자지분율과 장기부채비중 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 음(-)의 상관관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전체 표본을 정부지배기업과 민간지배기업으로 나누어 분석한 결과에서는 정부지배기업은 경영자지분율과 장기부채비중 사이에 유의하지 않은 양(+)의 상관관계가 존재하는 반면에 민간지배기업은 경영자지분율과 장기부채비중 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 음(-)의 상관관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2020

This research investigates the consequences of the increase in corporate use of short-term debt in China over the past decades. Using a sample of Chinese firms from 2007 to 2018, we empirically explore the effect of corporate use of short-term debt for long-term investment (SFLI) on audit pricing. We first examine the relationship between SFLI and audit pricing for different groups of firms. Then, we investigate the role of the increase in short-term debt in alleviating principal-agent conflicts and reducing agency costs. We have four primary empirical findings. First, auditors tend to charge SFLI clients higher fees. Second, the negative relationship between SFLI and audit fee is found in private firms, firms audited by Chinese domestic auditors, and firms with higher information asymmetry. Third, the time auditors spent on SFLI clients is significantly more than that spent on non-SFLI clients, suggesting that the decrease in audit fee is not due to the decrease in cost. Fourth, SFLI significantly reduces the agency costs of the firm, which auditors regard as a low risk signal and grant an audit fee discount. Our findings suggest that the decrease in debt maturity, not only influences managerial behaviors, but also influences auditors' risk assessment and pricing decisions.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.155-173
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• 2008

Controlling for the impacts of main strands of debt maturity theories, we highlight the relationship between syndicated loan maturity and ownership structure of Korean borrowers. We find that as the ownership of large shareholders increases, the maturity of syndicated loans also increases. Additionally, we identify a negative relation between foreigners' ownership and loan maturity, indicating that foreign institutional investors serve valuable monitoring functions; as their equity shares increase, they fully take advantage of frequent renewals through the short maturity of syndicated loan. We also show that the predicted value of leverage is more systematically and positively related to the maturity of syndicated loan.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2017

이익조정은 사적인 목적을 가지고 재무보고과정에 의도적으로 개입하거나, 이해관계자들에게 기업성과를 호도하는 일련의 과정 또는 선택을 의미한다. 해운기업의 경우 선박확보와 결부된 자본구조로 인해 부채계약을 위반할 가능성이 높고, 이에 따른 이익조정 동기 또한 타 산업에 비해 높은 특징을 가지게 된다. 이에 본 논문은 2007년 이후 87개 해운기업을 대상으로 해운기업의 이익관리여부를 확인함과 동시에 수정 Jones모형을 통해 도출된 재량적발생액과 자본구조변수와의 관계 및 해운기업의 이익조정행태를 알아보고자 하였다. 해운기업의 이익관리 가능성을 확인하기 위해 분포도와 차이분석 및 FGLS분석을 실시하였으며, 분석결과 0에 근접하여 손실을 본 기업들의 이익조정 즉, 이익관리 가능성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 자본구조관련 변수와 재량적발생액에는 부(-)의 관련성이 관찰되어 국내 많은 연구들과 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 현금흐름변수 또한 유의한 것으로 나타나, 국내기업의 현금흐름중시 경향이 자본구조와 재량적발생액사이에 부(-)의 관련성을 발생시킬 수 있다는 기존 연구를 뒷받침해 주었다. 해운기업의 이익관리행태에 대한 추가분석에서는 전기부채만기구조가 이익조정과 부(-)의 관련성을 보였으며, 부채비율이 급격히 증가한 집단에서 이익조정의 가능성이 더 큼을 확인할 수 있었다.