• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.143-162
• /
• 1998

This is a study for the construction of nursing care based upon the Korean attitude toward medicine. Factors which were investigated include the source of nursing care, the reason for choosing care, the type of heath care chosen, the accessability of caregivers, and the desired location of death. The population examined in this study consisted of 517 adults distributed in six large cities and 191 adults from five rural communities. Data was analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, $X^2$ - test, t - test, F - test and scheffe post hoc contrast with an SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among sources of nursing care used, first rank rated-pharmacy(54.4), private hospital(18.2), general hospital(8.4), folk remedies in house (5.0), chinese hospital(2.8), prayer(2.8) and others(8.4), and the reasons for choosing nursing care rated 'the easiest method' (63.6), 'the best method'(15.7), 'reliable'(10.8) and 'lower cost burden'(4.6) in order of preference. 2. The type of nursing care chosen rated western medicine(6.80), chinese medicine(6.15), folk remedies(5.46), faith remedies(3.51) and divination remedies (1.41). There were significant differences in the effect recognition degree to various kinds of medicine. 3. The difference of the type of nursing care chosen according to general characteristics showed that urban residents were higher than rural community residents(t=2.15, p=0.0320) in western medicine, and urban residents, women, and singles were higher than rural community residents(t=2.04, p=0.0414), men (t= -2.89, p=0.0039), and married(t=2.50, p= 0.0126) on folk remedies. With repect to age and education those 21-30, under 20 and 31-40, graduated from college and graduate school were higher than above 51, above 61 (F = 7.76, p = 0.0001), graduated from elementary school(F=4.39, p=0.0006) on folk remedies. In other categories, rural community residents, women, younger people. Christians were higher than urban residents ( t = -2.73, p=0.0305), men(t= -4.15, p=0.0001), older people (F=2.48, p=0.0307), Catholic, Buddhist, or atheist (F= 70.18, p=0.0001) on faith remedies. Those graduated from high school and Buddhist were higher than unschooled, graduated from middle school(F=3.18, p= 0.0075), atheist, Catholic or Christian(F=18.32, p=0.0001) on divination redemies. There were significant differences concerning age and education level. 4. The accessibility of caregivers rated 'caregivers should be nearby if the patients need them' (50.0), 'caregivers must be there all day (24 hours)' (39.6), 'caregivers must be there at night only'(5.0), 'caregivers must be there during the day only'(2.6), 'caregivers always should visit during visiting hours' 0.4), 'caregivers don't need to be there at all' (1.2). The frist rank of suitable caregivers were rated as spouse(66.6), mother(24.2), daughter (3.6), daughter-in-law(1.9), and the reasons of thinking thus were rated as 'the most comfortable' (81.5), 'people should correctly with regards to family they'(7.1), 'the easiest' (5.4), 'take good care of the patient' (5.1) and 'lower cost burden' (0.4). 5. The desired location of death rated as the following: his/her house (91. 6) to the hospital(8. 4). A person going to encounter death in the hospital wanted his house(78.5) over the hospital(21.5), and a person dieing in the hospital prefered his house(52.9) over the hospital(47.1) as a funeral ceremony place. The following suggestions are made based on the above results. 1. A sampling method that enhances the re presentativeness should be used in regional and/or national related research and replicated to confirm the result of this study. 2. This study should be used to understand the Korean view of medical centers and to meet the expectations of patients in Korean nursing. 3. Research on the Korean traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick, health and illness, and health behavior, the perception of dying, the decision to heal, and the view of general medicine should continue to be conducted continuosly so that Korean nursing theory can be advanced on these concepts.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2020

Safety is not a service provided selectively by the country, and it is a basic right that human beings should enjoy. However, as the recent expansion of outsourcing due to the efficient corporate management, fatal accidents such as the Taean Power Plant where subcontractors are pinched on conveyors continued to occur. In addition, public safety concerns have been widespread as there are constant safety-related accidents in public institutions such as KTX trains derailing. As public institutions require safety as a top priority for management rather than profit, the government needs a leading role to enhance the level of private safety activities. The government announced the "Measures to strengthen the workplace safety of public institutions" and is promoting measures to protect the lives and safety of the people. The purpose of this study was to in-depth analysis of the accident and death situation in public institutions in the last 5 years from 2014 to 2018. A recognition survey was also conducted and the results were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of industrial accident death, it showed that the number of industrial accident deaths in public institutions was about 50 people per year, and it occupied about 6.1% of all industrial accidents. Following the government's public policy measures, positive changes as a result of the survey on awareness were detected in the order of rising safety awareness and participation of management (56.9%), safety and health organization and personnel composition (37.9%), and increasing safety awareness and participation of members (18.9%). However, the obstacles to the implementation of government measures were followings; 1) consciousness and lack of participation (42.1%), 2) indifference from other departments (35.1%), 3) absence, or lack of competency of safety manager (33.3%). In addition, safety investments and safety management of contractors and ordering works were analyzed to have remained largely unchanged even after the implementation of safety measures. Through this study, it is intended to provide basic data for strengthening the level and activities of safety in public institutions.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.163-177
• /
• 2008

Periodontal disease, a form of chronic inflammatory bacterial infectious disease, is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated in periodontal disease and widely studied for its role in the pathogenesis of CVD. A previous study demonstrating that periodontopathic P. gingivalis is involved in CVD showed that invasion of endothelial cells by the bacterium is accompanied by an increase in cytokine production, which may result in vascular atherosclerotic changes. The present study was performed in order to further elucidate the role of P. gingivalis in the process of atherosclerosis and CVD. For this purpose, invasion of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) by P. gingivalis 381 and its isogenic mutants of KDP150 ($fimA^-$), CW120 ($ppk^-$) and KS7 ($relA^-$) was assessed using a metronidazole protection assay. Wild type P. gingivalis invaded HASMCs with an efficiency of 0.12%. In contrast, KDP150 failed to demonstrate any invasive ability. CW120 and KS7 showed relatively higher invasion efficiencies, but results for these variants were still negligible when compared to the wild type invasiveness. These results suggest that fimbriae are required for invasion and that energy metabolism in association with regulatory genes involved in stress and stringent response may also be important for this process. ELISA assays revealed that the invasive P. gingivalis 381 increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and the chemotactic cytokines (chemokine) IL (interleukin)-8 and monocyte chemotactic (MCP) protein-1 during the 30-90 min incubation periods (P<0.05). Expression of RANTES (regulation upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), was increased in HASMCs infected with P. gingivalis 381 by RT-PCR analysis. P. gingivalis infection did not alter interferon-$\gamma$-inducible protein-10 expression in HASMCs. HASMC nonspecific necrosis and apoptotic cell death were measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and caspase activity assays, respectively. LDH release from HASMCs and HAMC caspase activity were significantly higher after a 90 min incubation with P. gingivalis 381. Taken together, P. gingivalis invasion of HASMCs induces inflammatory cytokine production, apoptotic cell death, and expression of TLR-4, a PRR which may react with the bacterial molecules and induce the expression of the chemokines IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES. Overall, these results suggest that invasive P. gingivalis may participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, leading to CVD.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.28-38
• /
• 2000

목적 : 독립된 가정호스피스 일개 기관에서 서비스를 받은 대상자의 특성과 간호문제, 서비스내용 등을 파악하여 지역사회 가정호스피스 기관의 서비스 향상을 위한 방향을 모색하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 방법 : 독립된 가정호스피스기관의 서비스가 시작된 1994년 11월부터 자료가 정리된 1999년 6월까지의 4년 8개월동안 서비스를 이용하고 종료된 환자 113명을 대상으로 기록지에서 필요한 정보를 사전에 작성된 도구에 정리하였으며 빈도, 백분율, 평균 및 범위를 산출하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 일반적 특성으로 평균연령은 57.1세로 60세 이상이 54%였다. 의뢰당시 종교는 기독교가 49.6%, 천주교가 20.7%였으며 동거가족수의 평균은 2.8명이었다. 2) 주로 돌보는 사람으로 배우자는 50.9%였고 며느리, 딸의 순이었다. 대상자는 모두 말기암 진단을 받았으며 소화기계 암이 55.5%로 가장 많았다. 의뢰당시 말기상태를 몰랐던 41명중 31명이 도중에 알게되었다. 3) 서비스 의뢰인은 의사가 72.7%였으며 서비스기간은 평균 6.8주로 58.4%가 1개월 이내에 서비스를 종료하였다. 접촉형태별 평균치는 가정방문 7.2회, 전화연락 5.1회, 병원방문 2.1회, 주치의와 연락 0.7회였다. 4) 대상자의 간호문제로 통증이 89.4%로 가장 많았고 식욕부잔 변비, 우울, 불안등이 관찰되었다. 수행된 간호활동은 약물관리가 85%로 가장 빈번하였으며 가족의 심리지지 77%, 환자 심리지지 58.4%에서 관찰되었다. 영적교제, 식이교육, 관장, 체위변경, 수액요법, 욕창간호는 20%이상의 대상자에게 적용된 간호활동이었다. 5) 서비스 종결에서 사망이 88.5%, 거절이 8%였다. 화인된 사망장소는 가정이 60%, 병원이 39%였다. 결론 : 가정호스피스 사업제공자는 노인에 대한 이해가 필수적이며 특히 통증중재를 위한 준비가 중요하고 서비스대상에 가족이 함께 포함될 수 있어야 한다고 본다 호스피스의 목적을 달성하기 위해 적절한 시기에 의뢰되어야 하며 지역주민의 호스피스에 대한 개방적인 태도를 위한 사업 홍보가 필요하다고 본다.

• 법제연구
• /
• 제54호
• /
• pp.261-301
• /
• 2018

우리나라의 경우 반려동물을 사육하는 가구가 점점 많아지는 경향이고, 특히 반려견이 사람을 물어 사상(死傷)을 입히는 인신사고가 자주 발생하고 있다. 이는 미국에서 소위 '개물림(Dog-bite) 사고'라고 지칭되는 인신사고이다. 개물림 사고는 피해자에게 상당한 신체적 정서적 피해를 입히는 심각한 공중 보건의 문제이자 지역사회에도 측정하기 어려운 숨은 비용을 양산하게 된다. 우리나라도 이러한 개물림 사고에 대하여 동물보호법, 민법, 형법을 통하여 규율하고 있다. 특히 2018. 3. 20. 동물보호법의 일부개정을 통하여 맹견의 견주 등에게 강화된 주의의무와 처벌에 관한 법제를 마련하기도 하였다. 한편 미국의 일부 주에서는 이러한 현상을 반영하여 개물림 사고에 대하여 단일법에서 개 혹은 동물의 유형, 손해의 형태, 손해의 배상범위, 책임 인정의 범위 등에 관한 세부사항을 규율하고 있다. 본고에서는 개물림 사고에 관한 다양한 법제를 지니고 있는 미국 일부주의 법제 현황을 검토하여, 우리나라의 법제와 비교 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통하여 우리나라의 개물림 사고에서 특히 견주의 책임에 대한 현행법에서의 문제점이 무엇인지 및 그 보완을 위한 대책으로서는 어떠한 것이 있는지 등을 검토해보고자 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2022

과거 양식장에서 어류 질병은 세균성이었던 반면 최근은 바이러스성 및 혼합된 형태가 되면서 어류 질병의 빈도가 높아졌다. 양식장이라는 밀폐된 공간에서 바이러성 질병은 확산속도가 높으므로 집단 폐사로 이어질 확률이 매우 높다. 집단 폐사를 방지하기 위해서는 어류 질병의 빠른 식별이 중요하다. 그러나 어류의 질병 진단은 고도의 전문지식이 필요하고 매번 어류의 상태를 눈으로 확인하기 어렵다. 질병의 확산을 막기 위해서는 병이든 어류의 자동식별 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 딥러닝 기반의 넙치의 질병 식별 시스템의 성능을 높이기 위해서 기존 전처리 방법을 비교 실험한다. 대상 질병은 넙치에서 가장 빈번히 발생하는 3가지 질병 스쿠티카병, 비브리오증, 림포시스티스를 선정하였고 이미지 전처리 방법으로 RGB, HLS, HSV, LAB, LUV, XYZ, YCRCV를 사용하였다. 실험결과 일반적인 RGB를 사용하는 것보다 HLS가 가장 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 간단한 방법으로 질병의 인식률을 향상해 어류 질병 식별 시스템을 고도화 할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.82-92
• /
• 1997

Cerebrovascular diseases in Korea is an important health problem since mortality and mobidity have been increased rapidly. It marked the 2nd cause of specific death rates in 1993. The subjects of the study were seventeen citizens who are using to the Oriental Medicine. The data were collected from Apr. to Oct. 1996. The researcher as a caregiver and volunteer made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The researcher described closely the experiences of using to the Oriental Medicine with there words themselves and under the observation of the reseacher. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects to prevent the leakage of the spoken information and communication. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Van Kaam, which is as follows; as an unit of description which include the subject' expressions and the researcher's observation. The conclusions of this study was as follows : one hundred eighteen descriptive expression found and they were grouped eighteen common factors. These are ${\ulcorner$to effect needle${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to effect Chinese medicine${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$treatment method${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$attitude of herb doctor${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$recommendation of family and other person${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$what one sold to${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$traditional custom${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$experience of the past use${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to be desolate${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$negative recognition${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Ineffective drug${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Unfaithful of doctor${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$positive recognition${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Oriental medical hospital surroundings${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to build up one's health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to be clear blood${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$economic burden${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$deficit of profession${\lrcorner}$ Finally. eighteen common factors were grouped under six highter categories. These are ${\ulcorner$Belief to oriental medicine${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$motivation of use${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$distrust to western medicine${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$stability of emotion${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Alteration of positive physical function${\lrcorner}$.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2019

목적: 본 연구는 1998년부터 2017년까지 수행된 호스피스 간호연구 논문을 분석한 서술적 조사연구이다. 방법: 주요 검색어는 '호스피스', '간호'였으며(마지막 검색일: 2018년 3월 30일) 검색은 학술연구정보서비스(www.riss4u.net)를 통해 선정되었으며, 더불어 한국간호과학회지 및 8개 분과 학회지와 한국 호스피스 완화의료학회지와 한국호스피스협회지에 1998년부터 2017년까지 게재된 논문 모두를 검토하였으며, 학위논문은 제외하여 자료를 수집하였다. 결과: 1998년부터 2002년에 51편(20.0%)이었던 논문이 2013년부터 2017년에는 79편(31.0%)으로 약 11% 이상 급증하였으며 호스피스간호 학문분야별로 심리학 분야가 92편(36.2%)으로 가장 많았으며 다음으로 간호학 분야가 46편(18.1%)로 나타났다. 연구 대상자별로 분석한 결과 말기암환자가 72편(28.3%)으로 압도적으로 많았다. 이외에 1편(0.4%)은 HIV 바이러스, AIDS 환자였으며 아동 말기암환자도 2편(0.8%)으로 나타났다. 연구 방법은 양적 연구는 183편(72.0%)으로 가장 많았으며 다음으로 질적 연구 22편(8.7%)으로 많았다. 실험 중재는 총 34편(13.5%)으로 호스피스교육프로그램이 7편(2.8%) 가장 많이 진행되었다. 결론: 호스피스 간호연구의 대상자는 대부분 환자에 치중되어있었으며 소수 호스피스대상자와 가족대상자의 연구가 적어 소수의 호스피스대상자와 가족대상의 연구가 활발히 진행될 필요가 있다. 연구 방법은 양적 연구가 대부분으로 나타나 향후 근거기반의 간호연구 환경의 조성을 위하여 순수 실험연구와 질적 연구의 활성화가 필요하다. 더불어 연구주제가 심리적 변수가 대부분으로 나타나 호스피스대상자의 주요 간호문제인 통증 등의 생리적 변수를 적용한 실험 연구가 활성화되어 대상자의 통증중재프로그램방안의 모색이 필요하다.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2014

The temple Hoeamsa(檜巖寺) was repaired by Naong(懶翁), and with this the power of the temple became far greater to be the greatest Buddhist temple during late Goryeo and early Joseon. Naong's reconstruction of Hoeamsa was originated from Jigong(指空)'s teaching 'Samsan Yangsu(三山兩水)'. But it is not clear whether Samsan Yangsu really meant Hoeamsa. By the way, after 14 years, Naong suddenly remembered this word and began to repair Hoeamsa in a large scale. From this, we can guess that Naong tried to give the contemporary Buddhism some change through the repair of Hoeamsa. But, as King Gongmin(恭愍王) the greatest supporter of Naong was suddenly assassinated, the political situation changed a lot and Naong also died unexpectedly. Naong's death brought out the critical sense to Hoeamsa and, in the process to resolve the crisis, the repair of Hoeamsa began to be justified through diverse religious factors. As these were expanded and developed on and one, Hoeamsa came to be honored as the most divine temple in Korea during the early Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, into the cause structure for the Naong's repair of Hoeamsa, the influence of Jajang was added through Odaesan Buddhism. As we can well understand, late Silla situation of Jajang and the late Goryeo of Naong were very similar and the both Buddhist leaders should have derived out some religious solution for them. In other words, both of them had a similar recognition in finding the religious solution for the contemporary crises. It becomes a way to understand the Hoeamsa repairing structure taken by Naong and his disciples. Therefore, by comparing the similar religious solution structures given by Jajang and Naong and by clearer understanding on Samsan Yangsu spirit, we can see the repair of Hoeamsa and the related aspects more accurately.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.150-161
• /
• 2004

The importance of screening or repeat screening for cervical and breast cancer is well known to decrease the chance of death from cancer. Few data is avaliable regarding factors associated with participation in cervical and breast cancer screening and repeat screening examinations. This study was to investigate the associations of demographic factors, health status and cancer risk recognition, attitude to cancer screening, health behaviors, and inhibiting or facilitating factors to cervical and breast cancer screening with participation in the screening tests. Data was collected with self-administrated questionnaires from 342 women, aged 40 to 69 years. The cancer screenings were classified into have had or never groups and repeat or not repeated groups. In the case of cervical and breast cancer screening, the have had group was 90 (26.3%), and 82 (24.0%) and the repeat group was 17 (5.0%), and 13 (3.8%) respectively. According to logistic regression analysis, age (<60 vs ${\geq}60$ : OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.27-8.26), breast cancer screening (Do vs Don't : OR=14.49, 95% CI=7.46-27.78) and other person's cancer (Yes vs No : OR=4.27, 95% CI=1.01-18.05) were statistically significantly associated with participation in screening for cervical cancer. Regular exercise (Do vs Don't : OR=2.76, 95% CI=1.30-5.88) and cervical cancer screening (Do vs Don't : OR=13.70, 95% CI=7.09-26.32) were statistically significantly related to participation in screening for breast cancer.