• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2017

Electroencephalography (EEG) is frequently used to assist the diagnosis of brain death. However, to date there have been no guidelines in terms of EEG criteria for determining brain death in Korea, despite EEG being mandatory. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the evidence and controversies with regarding to the utilization of EEG for determining brain death and to serve as a cornerstone for the development of future guidelines. To determine brain death, electrocerebral inactivity (ECI) should be demonstrated on EEG at a sensitivity of $2{\mu}V/mm$ using double-distance electrodes spaced 10 centimeters or more apart from each other for at least 30 minutes, with intense somatosensory or audiovisual stimuli. ECI should be also verified by checking the integrity of the system. Additional monitoring is needed if extracerebral potentials cannot be eliminated. Interpreting EEG at high sensitivities, which is required for the diagnosis of brain death, can pose a diagnostic challenge. Furthermore, EEG is affected by physiologic variables and drugs. However, no consensus exists as to the minimal requirements for blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature during the EEG recording itself, the minimal time for observation after the brain injury or rewarming from hypothermia, and how to determine brain death when the findings of ECI is equivocal. Therefore, there is a strong need to establish detailed guidelines for performing EEG to determine brain death.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.676-683
• /
• 2016

This study examined the relationships between self-esteem, and the awareness of biomedical ethics and the quality of life and death attitude, as well as the factors influencing the death attitude among 130 nursing students in college. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS Win 14.0 Program. Significant positive correlations were observed between the self-esteem and death attitude, between the awareness of biomedical ethics and the death attitude. The predictors for the death attitude were self-esteem (${\beta}=.25$) and awareness of biomedical ethics (${\beta}=.11$). The model explained 21.2% (F=10.4, p<.001) of the variance. The findings indicated that more study will be needed to explore the factors influencing the death attitude and to develop education programs for reinforcing a positive death attitude among college nursing students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.11
• /
• pp.427-434
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the willingness of nursing college students to have respect for life and to use them as basic principle to help develop an effective bioethics education program for nursing students. A descriptive study was used with 442 nursing students. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Multiple regression. The result showed that factors affecting respect for life and will were meanings of death, death anxiety, death concern and these three variables explained about 43.6% of respect for life and will. It is necessary for nursing students to understand the meaning of death and to reduce death anxiety by improving understanding of meanings of death. It also suggests the need to develop an educational program that can improve the respect for life and will by establishing their own views on death and improving the involvement of death in nursing a dying patient and family.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.1227-1248
• /
• 2008

In this study, death preparation was used as an independent variable, with ego integrity as successful aging used as a dependent variable while depression and death anxiety were used as mediate variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of the study variables according to the demographic characteristics of the research subjects, and to create a database for developing and improving current educational programs and welfare services to help the elderly achieve successful aging. Two hundred and eighty three elderly people above the age of sixty in Cheongju city were given standardized questionnaires, and the collected data were analyzed. The results of this study are the following. First, the differences of the study variables according to the level of education, health, economy, and social involvement of the elderly are statistically significant. Second, there exists a positive relationship between mental preparation for death and ego integrity (successful aging) while there is no such relation in case of formal preparation for death and ego integrity. Third, depression and death anxiety of the elderly partially mediate ego integrity, which leads to successful aging.

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.94-95
• /
• 2015

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of completing death certificates among medical students. Methods: The self-administered questionnaires were completed, during May to August 2007, by 380 medical students in senior. The questionnaire was composed of 10 cases to write the death certificate. The cause-of-deaths written by students were compared with the gold standards and their errors in the certificates also evaluated. Results: Mean agreement score for 10 underlying cause-of-deaths completed on the lowest line of part I in the death certificate (UC1) was $4.8{\pm}1.7$, and for underlying cause-of-death selected by a coder of the death certificates (UC2) was $5.6{\pm}1.5$. The UC1 and UC2 were significantly higher among the students having the case-oriented education for death certificate than others. For the major errors in the certificates completed by students, the students having the error with no antecedent cause were highest, the error with two or more conditions secondly highest. Mean number of errors was significantly lower in the case-oriented education group than others. Conclusions: Errors are common in the death certificates completed by medical students in senior. The accuracy of death certification may be more improved with the case-oriented education than the traditional method.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to survey the hospital staff's perception of hospice and death and thereby, suggest the ways to help them have a mature attitude towards and a better understanding of death through an effective education on hospice. For this purpose, this study was designed to provide some data useful for the hospital staff not experienced in facing the dying patients to handle the desperate situation skillfully and engage themselves more effectively in their hospice services. For this study, the researcher conducted a questionnaire survey for the staff of 'C' hospital in Seoul about their hospice philosophy, attitudes towards hospice and perception of death for the period from February, 2006 to March, 2006. A total of 751 subjects responded effectively to the survey. The data collected were analyzed using the SF55 11.0 for ANOVA and T-test in order to test the relationships among subjects' perception of death, their demographic variables, their health condition, their hospice philosophy formed from their experiences of patients' death and hospice services and their attitudes towards hospice. Besides, the correlations among their hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were tested. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, as a result of testing the relationships among subjects' experiences of health consulting. their experiences of patients' death and hospice and their hospice philosophy, it was confirmed that their experiences of health and death consulting and their experiences of having been educated were relevant. Second, it was found that such variables as health condition, death, experience of hospice and attitude towards hospice were not significantly correlated with each other. Third, as a consequence of testing the relationships among health condition, death, experience of hospice and perception of death, it was disclosed that only the physical health condition was significant. Fourth, it was confirmed that subjects' hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were at the usual level on average. Fifth, hospice philosophy, perception of death and attitudes towards hospice were found correlated significantly with each other. Sixth, as a result of the stepwise variable adjustment for such variables as hospice philosophy, perception of death, attitudes towards hospice, it was found that the adjusted r-square value was 0.347 when departments, experience of having been requested by dying patient for consulting, experience of having been educated on hospice, religion and marital status were set as independent variables. And the estimated value of each variable was found significant. Seventh, as a consequence of conducting the multiple regression analysis by setting 'religion' as significant independent variable, it was found that the estimated value of physical health condition was not significant statistically. This, as a result of the simple regression analysis for 'religion' only, its explanatory power was found .197, while its adjusted r-square value was 0.20. Eight, it was found that subjects' attitude towards hospice was significantly correlated with such variables of experience of patient's or relative's death, experience of having been requested for consulting about death, gender, marital status and departments. As a result of the multiple regression analysis and the subsequent stepwise adjustment for this variable, it was found that only 'experience of having been requested for consulting' had some explanatory power: its adjusted r-square value was 0.089. As discussed above, this study tested the correlations among various variables including hospital staff's attitude towards hospice and perception of death and thereby, provided for the data useful for their education on hospice. This study may be significant in that it proved that it would be essential to educate hospital staff on hospice for more effective care of hospice patients and their family members at hospital.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.241-251
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate 314 college students in G area from December 1 to December 30, 2015 to investigate death attitude and related factors of health college students. As a result of the analysis, the level of death awareness was 2.04, and the average score was 2.49 points of pain anxiety, 1.95 points of death anxiety, and 1.86 points of anxiety. Death awareness sub - domains showed significant differences in age, grade, health status, and living standards. Pain anxiety, death anxiety, and later life anxiety. The results of this study are as follows: First, the effects of anxiety and anxiety on death, anxiety of death, anxiety of life, anxiety of suffering, anxiety of life, anxiety of death, The fear of death was not so great as death felt far from reality at once. However, a correct perception of death can lead to more peaceful deaths and more rewarding life for the present. Death preparation education is needed to live a meaningful life for college students who are far from death.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.156-162
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a death education program on self-esteem, spiritual well-being, and pain in adults. This investigations employed a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design, and was performed in C hospital located in Chungju, Chungcheongbukdo province, Korea from January 4-13, 2016. The study included 48 participants who agreed to enrolled. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group of 22 and 26 applicants each. Participants (n=22) in the experimental group participated in the death education program for 2 hours, three times a week for 2 weeks. The effects of treatment were measured using a structured questionnaire to evaluate self-esteem, spiritual well-being, and pain before and after 2 weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed using a t-test, chi-squared test, Fisher's Exact-test and a paired t-test. The experimental group showed significantly increased self-esteem (P<0.002) and spiritual well-being (P<0.015), and significantly reduced pain (P<0.014) compared to the control group after 2 weeks of intervention. Overall, the death education program was shown to be an effective nursing intervention for adults; therefore, of its use in various fields should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the inhibiting factors of dying well for people who want to have a good death. The final respondents in this study were sampled using stratified proportional allocation using a stratified random sampling method, and 1,000 adults aged between 19 and 75 years were selected. The questionnaire used consisted of four items on general characteristics and 20 items related to the inhibiting factors of dying well scored on a 7-point Likert scale. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and decision tree analysis. Results showed that, among the inhibiting factors of dying well, "degenerative diseases (such as dementia)" and "loss of control (mental / physical)" scored 5.502 and 5.268 points, respectively; the highest significant positive correlation was found between "bad marital relationship" and "bad relationship with children," followed by "did not receive death education" and "lack of medical policy promotion (dying well)" and "bad relationship with children" and "indifference of others." Considering these findings, it appears that the whole society will make efforts to improve the perception and practice of good death, and life and death education will be expanded if death education for dying well is organized and implemented.