• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.137-156
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• 1998

In this study, the researcher studied the historical background, and the traditional culture about dress and ornament of Yunnan Province of China, The results of the study are as follows. 1. Dress and personal ornaments of the Va peoples vary with the locality. Their traditional dress and adornment is characterized by those in the Ximeng area. Men usually wear black or dark blue collarless jackets and black and dark blue loose and short bagged trousers with folding waist. Women usually wear close-fitting sleeveless pullover blouses with V-shaped necks and straight skirts with patterns of red and black cross stripes. 2. Jingpo men have changed to wear shirts with button down the front and trousers. They also entwine white turbans with red bobbles on both ends, and carry diagonally long knives, firelocks and red woolen figured satchels on their shoulders. Women usually wear black velvet blouses with silver bowl-shaped ornaments and chains around collars and on the fronts. They also wear red straight skirts with overlapped slit on the right, waistbands and waist hoops made of rattan and bamboo. 3. The Naxi nationality has a long history and excellent traditional culture. In modern times, women like to wear red, blue or purple laced blouses, long double-layered pleated skirts, waistbands and embroidered shoes. They wear their hair in buns with either hats or kerchiefs over them. While working or going out, they put on their "seven-star" capes made of sheepskin and embroidered with two big circles and seven small ones, while is a symbol of their frog totem. 4. The dress and adorment of the Jinuo people is simple, elegant and has its own unique characteristics. Men usually wear white buttonless shirts with round necks and an opening on the front, knee-length bagged trousers and legging. They wear cloth turbans, earrings and also put small bamboo or silver pipes in the holes of their earlobes. Women wear short buttonless blouses with round necks and seven coloured stripes and thin tight-fitting or embroidered triangular underwear. 5. The dress and ardorment of the Benglong (De' ang) nationality has its own strong national colour. Most of the men wear jackets with buttons arranged diagonally on the front, loose, short trousers and black or white turbans. Some young men like to wear eardrops and silver necklaces. Women's dress and adornment differs according to various branches. For example, the women of the Bielie and Liang branches have their hair shaved and wear black turbans. They use large square silver tablets as buttons and wear blue or black blouses with buttons down the front. 6. Oai men usually wear trousers, white or blue cloth turbans and round-necked shirts with buttons down the front or arranged diagonally on the front. Women usually wear long straight skirt and blouses. But dress and adornment varies in regions. 7. The Bai nationality dress and adornment has unique national style. The dress fabrics are mainly cotton cloth, silk and velvet. Men usually wear red velvet vests over white shirts with buttons down the front or black velvet vests over light blue shirts. They also wear white of blue turbans and carry satchels with beautiful embroidered designs over their shoulders. Women usually wear red velvet vests over white blouses, or black vests over light-coloured blouses.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.43-71
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• 1975

Operations research has developed rapidly since its origins in World War II. Practitioners of O. R. have contributed to almost every aspect of government and business. More recently, a number of operations researchers have turned their attention to library and information systems, and the author believes that significant research has resulted. It is the purpose of this essay to introduce the library audience to some of these accomplishments, to present some of the author's hypotheses on the subject of library management to which he belives O. R. has great potential, and to suggest some future research directions. Some problem areas in librianship where O. R. may play a part have been discussed and are summarized below. (1) Library location. It is usually necessary to make balance between accessibility and cost In location problems. Many mathematical methods are available for identifying the optimal locations once the balance between these two criteria has been decided. The major difficulties lie in relating cost to size and in taking future change into account when discriminating possible solutions. (2) Planning new facilities. Standard approaches to using mathematical models for simple investment decisions are well established. If the problem is one of choosing the most economical way of achieving a certain objective, one may compare th althenatives by using one of the discounted cash flow techniques. In other situations it may be necessary to use of cost-benefit approach. (3) Allocating library resources. In order to allocate the resources to best advantage the librarian needs to know how the effectiveness of the services he offers depends on the way he puts his resources. The O. R. approach to the problems is to construct a model representing effectiveness as a mathematical function of levels of different inputs(e.g., numbers of people in different jobs, acquisitions of different types, physical resources). (4) Long term planning. Resource allocation problems are generally concerned with up to one and a half years ahead. The longer term certainly offers both greater freedom of action and greater uncertainty. Thus it is difficult to generalize about long term planning problems. In other fields, however, O. R. has made a significant contribution to long range planning and it is likely to have one to make in librarianship as well. (5) Public relations. It is generally accepted that actual and potential users are too ignorant both of the range of library services provided and of how to make use of them. How should services be brought to the attention of potential users? The answer seems to lie in obtaining empirical evidence by controlled experiments in which a group of libraries participated. (6) Acquisition policy. In comparing alternative policies for acquisition of materials one needs to know the implications of each service which depends on the stock. Second is the relative importance to be ascribed to each service for each class of user. By reducing the level of the first, formal models will allow the librarian to concentrate his attention upon the value judgements which will be necessary for the second. (7) Loan policy. The approach to choosing between loan policies is much the same as the previous approach. (8) Manpower planning. For large library systems one should consider constructing models which will permit the skills necessary in the future with predictions of the skills that will be available, so as to allow informed decisions. (9) Management information system for libraries. A great deal of data can be available in libraries as a by-product of all recording activities. It is particularly tempting when procedures are computerized to make summary statistics available as a management information system. The values of information to particular decisions that may have to be taken future is best assessed in terms of a model of the relevant problem. (10) Management gaming. One of the most common uses of a management game is as a means of developing staff's to take decisions. The value of such exercises depends upon the validity of the computerized model. If the model were sufficiently simple to take the form of a mathematical equation, decision-makers would probably able to learn adequately from a graph. More complex situations require simulation models. (11) Diagnostics tools. Libraries are sufficiently complex systems that it would be useful to have available simple means of telling whether performance could be regarded as satisfactory which, if it could not, would also provide pointers to what was wrong. (12) Data banks. It would appear to be worth considering establishing a bank for certain types of data. It certain items on questionnaires were to take a standard form, a greater pool of data would de available for various analysis. (13) Effectiveness measures. The meaning of a library performance measure is not readily interpreted. Each measure must itself be assessed in relation to the corresponding measures for earlier periods of time and a standard measure that may be a corresponding measure in another library, the 'norm', the 'best practice', or user expectations.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.76-90
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• 1993

징거미새우의 생식소 성숙 제어에 대한 광주성발달과 안병 X-organ과의 관계를 밝히기 위하여 1) 생식소 성숙 제어에 미치는 수온과 광주기의 영향, 2)생식소 성숙에 대한 안병 절제 효과, 3) 안병에 있는 외수 X-organ (MEX-organ)조직의 활성에 대한 계절적인 변화 등을 조사하였다. 전난황형성기(12월${\sim}$다음해 3월)와 난황형성기(4월${\sim}$5월)에 있어서, 생식소 성숙은 주로 수온에 영향을 받으며, 광주조건(12L/12D, 15L/9D)에 관계없이 수온상승에 의하여 GSI가 증가하고 생식소도 성숙하였다. 반면, 산란기(6월${\sim}8$월)에 있어서, 생식소 성숙은 주로 광주조건에 영향을 받으며, 15L/9D와 같은 장일 조건에서는 생식소 성숙이 지속되고 높은 GSI값을 나타내는 반면, 12L/12D와 같이 단일화된 조건에서는 난소내에 있는 대부분의 난황형성기 난모세포들은 퇴화${\cdot}$흡수되어 휴지기 상태의 난모세포로 되었고, GSI는 감소되었다. 휴지기(9월${\sim}11$월)에 있어서, 수온($16^{\circ}C,\;22^{\circ}C,\;28^{\circ}C$)과 광주조건(12L/12D, 15L/9D)을 조합한 모든 실험구에서는 재성숙이 일어나지 않았다. 생식소 성숙에 대한 안병 절제 효과는 전난황형성기와 산란기때 보다 휴지기 때가 더 강하게 나타났다. 안병 MEX-organ에서 직경이 $20{\mu}m$이상인 신경분비세포 수는 생식주기에 따라 변동을 보였으며, 휴지기 때 그 수는 $77{\pm}12$로 증가하였고, 난황형성기때는 $55{\pm}7$로 감소하였다. 그러나 Bellonci 조직의 크기(volume)는 휴지기 때에 비해서 난환형성기때 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2004

진디혹파리(Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani 1847)의 발육실험 조건은 $15-35^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}5\%$ RH, 광조건은 16L:8D이었다. 알에서 번데기 기간까지 종합한 발육기간은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 43.9, 44.5일이였고, $25^{\circ}C$에서 14.3, 15.8일이였으며, 발육영점온도는 10.7, $10.0^{\circ}C$이고, 유효적산온도는 210.8, 245.5일도였다. 두 종의 진딧물을 먹이로 한 온도별 발육율은 변형된 Sharpe와 DeMichele의 비선형모형에 잘 적합되었다. 진디혹파리의 발육 단계별 발육완료 시기 분포 모형을 생리적 연령을 이용하여 Weibull function으로 보았을 때 알${\to}$유충${\to}$번데기 순으로 점차 발육 완료가 짧은 기간에 이루어지는 것을 볼 수 있었고 적합도를 나타내는 $r^2$은 0.86-0.93, 0.85-0.94로 누적 발육율을 비교적 잘 보여주고 있다. 성충 수명은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 8.7, 9.2일이였고 $30^{\circ}C$에서 3.1, 2.7일이였다. 이들 결과를 종합해 보면 알 기간에서 $35^{\circ}C$의 경우 발육기간은 짧았으나 부화율이 $50\%$ 미만으로 낮았고, 유충은 $35^{\circ}C$에서 번데기에 이르지 못하고 모두 사망하였고 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 발육기간이 길어져 $30^{\circ}C$이상에서는 유충과 번데기가 부의 영향을 받아 기존의 보고와 상이하였다. 또한 성충수명에서 $15^{\circ}C$의 경우 성충수명은 길었으나 케이지 내에서 움직임이 전혀 없었고, 산란 또한 하지 않았으며 $30^{\circ}C$에서도 성충기간이 짧아 산란 수가 아주 적거나 없을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 진디혹파리를 진딧물 방제에 이용할 경우 성충이 자유롭게 움직이며 산란할 수 있는 $20^{\circ}C$이상 $30^{\circ}C$ 미만의 온도가 좋을 것으로 생각한다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.63-64
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• 1996

The nature of distant faint blue field galaxies remains a mystery, despite the fact that much attention has been devoted to this subject in the last decade. Galaxy counts, particularly those in the optical and near ultraviolet bandpasses, have been demonstrated to be well in excess of those expected in the 'no-evolution' scenario. This has usually been taken to imply that galaxies were brighter in the past, presumably due to a higher rate of star formation. More recently, redshift surveys of galaxies as faint as B$\~$24 have shown that the mean redshift of faint blue galaxies is lower than that predicted by standard evolutionary models (de-signed to fit the galaxy counts). The galaxy number count data and redshift data suggest that evolutionary effects are most prominent at the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. While these data constrain the form of evolution of the overall luminosity function, they do not constrain evolution in individual galaxies. We are carrying out a series of observations as part of a long-term program aimed at a better understanding of the nature and amount of luminosity evolution in individual galaxies. Our study uses the luminosity-linewidth relation (Tully-Fisher relation) for disk galaxies as a tool to study luminosity evolution. Several studies of a related nature are being carried out by other groups. A specific experiment to test a 'no-evolution' hypothesis is presented here. We have used the AUTOFIB multifibre spectro-graph on the 4-metre Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and the Rutgers Fabry-Perot imager on the Cerro Tolalo lnteramerican Observatory (CTIO) 4-metre tele-scope to measure the internal kinematics of a representative sample of faint blue field galaxies in the red-shift range z = 0.15-0.4. The emission line profiles of [OII] and [OIII] in a typical sample galaxy are significantly broader than the instrumental resolution (100-120 km $s^{-l}$), and it is possible to make a reliable de-termination of the linewidth. Detailed and realistic simulations based on the properties of nearby, low-luminosity spirals are used to convert the measured linewidth into an estimate of the characteristic rotation speed, making statistical corrections for the effects of inclination, non-uniform distribution of ionized gas, rotation curve shape, finite fibre aperture, etc.. The (corrected) mean characteristic rotation speed for our distant galaxy sample is compared to the mean rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable blue luminosity and colour. The typical galaxy in our distant sample has a B-band luminosity of about 0.25 L$\ast$ and a colour that corresponds to the Sb-Sd/Im range of Hub-ble types. Details of the AUTOFIB fibre spectroscopic study are described by Rix et al. (1996). Follow-up deep near infrared imaging with the 10-metre Keck tele-scope+ NIRC combination and high angular resolution imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope's WFPC2 are being used to determine the structural and orientation parameters of galaxies on an individual basis. This information is being combined with the spatially resolved CTIO Fabry-Perot data to study the internal kinematics of distant galaxies (Ing et al. 1996). The two main questions addressed by these (preliminary studies) are: 1. Do galaxies of a given luminosity and colour have the same characteristic rotation speed in the distant and local Universe? The distant galaxies in our AUTOFIB sample have a mean characteristic rotation speed of $\~$70 km $s^{-l}$ after correction for measurement bias (Fig. 1); this is inconsistent with the characteristic rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable photometric proper-ties (105 km $s^{-l}$) at the > $99\%$ significance level (Fig. 2). A straightforward explanation for this discrepancy is that faint blue galaxies were about 1-1.5 mag brighter (in the B band) at z $\~$ 0.25 than their present-day counterparts. 2. What is the nature of the internal kinematics of faint field galaxies? The linewidths of these faint galaxies appear to be dominated by the global disk rotation. The larger galaxies in our sample are about 2"-.5" in diameter so one can get direct insight into the nature of their internal velocity field from the $\~$ I" seeing CTIO Fabry-Perot data. A montage of Fabry-Perot data is shown in Fig. 3. The linewidths are too large (by. $5\sigma$) to be caused by turbulence in giant HII regions.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.99-124
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• 2009

Many firms in Korea have adopted and used advanced information technology in an effort to boost efficiency. The process of adapting to the new technology, at the same time, can vary from one firm to another. As such, this research focuses on several relevant factors, especially the roles of social interaction as a key variable that influences the technology adaptation process and the outcomes. Thus far, how a firm goes through the adaptation process to the new technology has not been yet fully explored. Previous studies on changes undergone by a firm or an organization due to information technology have been pursued from various theoretical points of views, evolved from technological and institutional views to an integrated social technology views. The technology adaptation process has been understood to be something that evolves over time and has been regarded as cycles between misalignments and alignments, gradually approaching the stable aligned state. The adaptation process of the new technology was defined as "appropriation" process according to Poole and DeSanctis (1994). They suggested that this process is not automatically determined by the technology design itself. Rather, people actively select how technology structures should be used; accordingly, adoption practices vary. But concepts of the appropriation process in these studies are not accurate while suggested propositions are not clear enough to apply in practice. Furthermore, these studies do not substantially suggest which factors are changed during the appropriation process and what should be done to bring about effective outcomes. Therefore, research objectives of this study lie in finding causes for the difference in ways in which advanced information technology has been used and adopted among organizations. The study also aims to explore how a firm's interaction with social as well as technological factors affects differently in resulting organizational changes. Detail objectives of this study are as follows. First, this paper primarily focuses on the appropriation process of advanced information technology in the long run, and we look into reasons for the diverse types of the usage. Second, this study is to categorize each phases in the appropriation process and make clear what changes occur and how they are evolved during each phase. Third, this study is to suggest the guidelines to determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group and organizational level. For this, a substantially grounded theory that can be applied to organizational practice has been developed from a longitudinal comparative case study. For these objectives, the technology appropriation process was explored based on Structuration Theory by Giddens (1984), Orlikoski and Robey (1991) and Adaptive Structuration Theory by Poole and DeSanctis (1994), which are examples of social technology views on organizational change by technology. Data have been obtained from interviews, observations of medical treatment task, and questionnaires administered to group members who use the technology. Data coding was executed in three steps following the grounded theory approach. First of all, concepts and categories were developed from interviews and observation data in open coding. Next, in axial coding, we related categories to subcategorize along the lines of their properties and dimensions through the paradigm model. Finally, the grounded theory about the appropriation process was developed through the conditional/consequential matrix in selective coding. In this study eight hypotheses about the adaptation process have been clearly articulated. Also, we found that the appropriation process involves through three phases, namely, "direct appropriation," "cooperate with related structures," and "interpret and make judgments." The higher phases of appropriation move, the more users represent various types of instrumental use and attitude. Moreover, the previous structures like "knowledge and experience," "belief that other members know and accept the use of technology," "horizontal communication," and "embodiment of opinion collection process" are evolved to higher degrees in their dimensions of property. Furthermore, users continuously create new spirits and structures, while removing some of the previous ones at the same time. Thus, from longitudinal view, faithful and unfaithful appropriation methods appear recursively, but gradually faithful appropriation takes over the other. In other words, the concept of spirits and structures has been changed in the adaptation process over time for the purpose of alignment between the task and other structures. These findings call for a revised or extended model of structural adaptation in IS (Information Systems) literature now that the vague adaptation process in previous studies has been clarified through the in-depth qualitative study, identifying each phrase with accuracy. In addition, based on these results some guidelines can be set up to help determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group, and organizational level for the purpose of effective technology appropriation. In practice, managers can focus on the changes of spirits and elevation of the structural dimension to achieve effective technology use.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1997

누구나 시차가 큰 여행을 할 때 몇일 간 비행시차증이라고 불리우는 증상을 경험하게 된다. 비행시차증은 수면박탈, 비행요인, 지연요인의 복합적인 원인으로 인해 생기는 하나의 증상군이라고 말할 수 있다. 특히 빠른 시차변화로 인한 생리적 지연효과(Jet lag)는 외적 비동조화, 내적 비동조화, 그리고 수면상실의 결과를 낳는다. 인간의 수면을 조절하는 기전에 있어 일중체계가 중요하다. 즉, 평균적인 수면-각성주기는 중심체온의 주기와 내적 비동조화가 일어나더라도 수면경향, 졸리움, 자발적 수면 기간, 그리고 렘수면 경향은 중심체온의 내인성 일중주기에 따라 통제된다. 수면의 구성요소중에서 서파수면은 중심체온의 주기보다는 수면시작시간에 따라 나타나며 이전에 깨어있었던 기간이 길수록 강력하게 나타난다. 따라서 수면은 일중체계와 항상성 기전의 상호작용으로 조절된다. 비행시차 후에 변화되는 수면양상을 이해하는데 있어 일중 체계 이외에 도항상성 기전을 고려하여야한다. 수면에 대한 일중리듬체계의 영향과 수면의 항상성 과정이 비행시차후 도착지에서의 수면양상을 설 명할 수 있을 것이다. 도착지에서의 적응은 통과한 시간대 수, 여행 방향, 일주기 리듬의 부조화에 적응 할 수 있는 개인별 능력에 따라 다르다. 도착지의 시간적 단서에 빨리 노출되어 일중체계의 위상반응곡선에 의한 재동조화를 촉진시키고 수면의 항상성 과정을 고려하여 도착지의 밤 이전까지 충분히 깨어 있는 것이 Jet Lag를 극복하고 적응하는 지름길일 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

본 연구는 쾌적한 온열환경을 제공하는 공원을 계획하기 위한 방안을 모색하고자, 전형적인 녹지유형인 수림지와 잔디밭의 여름철 열환경을 측정 및 평가하였다. 이를 위해 함양 상림공원을 연구대상지로 하였으며, 대상지 내 녹지유형을 대표하는 수림지와 잔디밭 그리고 대조구로서 포장지에서 열환경을 조사하였다. 기상장비를 활용한 3일 동안(2014년 8월 21~23일, 29~30일)의 정점관측을 통해 열환경 변수인 기온, 상대습도, 풍속 그리고 6방향(동, 서, 남, 북, 하향, 상향) 장파 및 단파 복사를 측정하였다. 측정한 복사량을 근거로 6방향의 향별 가중치를 적용하여 인체가 흡수한 복사량을 구한 후 이를 평균복사온도로 환산하였다. 산정된 평균복사온도와 측정된 기온, 상대습도, 풍속을 바탕으로 PET는 Rayman 1.2, UTCI, OUT_SET$^*$는 UTCI Calculator와 Thermal Comfort Calculator of Richard DeDear로 산정한 후 수림지, 잔디밭 그리고 대조구의 온열쾌적성을 평가하였다. 열환경 및 온열쾌적지수의 평가 결과, 수림지는 포장지에 비해 주간(10:00~16:00)의 기온과 평균복사온도를 $5.9^{\circ}C/35^{\circ}C$ 낮추는 냉각효과를 나타냈으며, 상대적으로 낮은 풍속과 높은 상대습도를 나타냈음에도 불구하고, 온열쾌적지수 개선효과는 매우 크게 나타났다. 반면에 잔디밭은 포장지에 비해 주간(10:00~16:00)의 기온과 평균복사온도를 $0.9^{\circ}C/3^{\circ}C$ 낮추는 미미한 냉각효과를 나타냈으며, 잔디밭의 온열쾌적지수 개선효과는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 야간(21:00~04:00)의 미기상 및 복사 환경은 일사 부재, 풍속 감속, 상대습도 증가로 인해 수림지, 잔디밭 및 포장지가 비슷하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 수림지의 차양 및 증발산 효과는 잔디밭의 증발산 효과에 비해 매우 크기 때문이라 판단되며, 공원의 온열쾌적성을 확보하기 위해서는 녹지의 면적보다 녹지의 용적에 주력해야 한다는 것을 시사하는 것이다. 본 연구는 수림지와 잔디밭에서 공원의 이용자가 체감하는 온열쾌적성을 정량적으로 평가하고, 수림지 및 잔디밭이 가진 온열쾌적지수 개선효과를 규명함으로써 향후 공원계획시 이용자를 고려한 쾌적한 온열환경을 조성하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.159-193
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• 2015

병원감염 사례에 관한 판결의 주류적 태도는 병원감염 발생으로 인한 손해의 분담을 사실상 환자 측에 전가하는 문제가 있다고 판단되므로, 손해의 공평 타당한 분담을 그 지도 원리로 하는 손해배상제도의 이념에 비추어 환자 측의 증명책임을 대폭 완화하기 위한 방법을 강구할 필요성이 있다. 이와 관련하여 진료계약을 민법상 전형계약으로 규정하고, 병원감염과 같은 의료 측이 전적으로 지배할 수 있었던 경우에는 일반적 진료상 위험이 실현된 때 진료자의 오류가 추정된다고 명문으로 과실추정규정을 둔 독일민법을 검토하였다. 진료계약은 매우 빈번하고 광범위하게 일반 국민의 실생활에서 체결되고 있으며, 그로 인한 분쟁도 다양하게 발생하고 있으므로, 진료계약을 독일과 같이 민법의 전형계약으로 규정함으로써 계약 내용과 분쟁 발생 시 증명책임 등에 관해 규율할 필요성이 있다. 병원감염 사건의 경우 법률에 의해 과실을 추정하고, 병원감염 예방을 위한 노력을 철저히 시행한 기관에 한하여 병원감염 사고로 인한 손해가 발생한 경우 그 비용을 지원하도록 사회보험을 통한 제도적 보완이 필요하다고 생각되며, 향후 이에 관한 면밀한 연구와 검토가 요구된다.

• 의료법학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.147-196
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• 2023

오늘날에는 기술의 발전으로 인간의 뇌에 직접 자극을 가하여 질병을 치료하거나 뇌파를 통해 직접 기계를 조정하는 것이 가능해졌다. 이러한 뇌신경과학기술은 비침습적으로 이루어질 수도 있으나 적어도 현재까지는 뇌에 직접 전극이나 마이크로칩을 이식하는 침습적 방법이 필요한 자극을 더 정확하게 가하거나 뇌파를 더 정밀하게 측정할 수 있다. 뇌심부자극술(DBS)의 경우 파킨슨병, 본태성진전증에 대해 안정적인 치료방법으로 인정받고 있으며, 그 외 알츠하이머나 우울증 등에도 활용할 수 있는지 연구가 진행중이다. 뇌-컴퓨터 인터페이스(BCI)의 경우 임상단계이지만 신경이 손상되어 신체를 움직이지 못하는 사람들의 신체기능을 대체하거나 재활치료를 지원하는 역할을 할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 문제는 이러한 침습적 뇌신경과학기술을 필요로 하는 사람들의 상당수는 질병 또는 신경 손상으로 인해 판단능력이 손상되어 있거나 의사표시를 제대로 할 수 없는 사람들인데 반해, 이 기술들을 이용한 시술은 고도의 침습적인 시술이어서 반드시 환자 본인의 동의를 필요로 한다는 것이다. 특히 뇌신경과학기술이 아직 임상시험단계에 머물러 있는 영역에서는 위험은 그만큼 커지고 이익은 불확실하기 때문에 이를 고려하여 수술을 받을지 여부를 판단할 수 있도록 더 충분한 설명이 이루어져야 한다. 환자에게 성년후견이 개시되어 있다면 성년후견인이 - 경우에 따라서는 법원의 허가를 받아 - 이 시술에 대한 동의를 대신할 수 있을 것이다. 성년후견이 개시되어 있지 않은 경우 환자의 판단능력이 손상되어 있거나 의사표시를 할 수 없는 경우가 문제이다. 우리 의료 실무에서는 환자가 동의할 수 없는 경우 환자의 보호자에게 동의를 받는 경향이 있지만, 환자의 보호자라는 개념은 우리법상 근거를 찾기 어려운 개념이어서 문제가 있다. 장기적으로는 환자의 배우자나 근친이 보충적으로 환자의 의료행위 동의대행권을 갖도록 법률상 규정하는 편이 타당할 것이다. 뇌신경과학시술을 받은 환자에게 부작용 등 손해가 발생한 경우도 검토를 요한다. 만일 환자에게 수술에 수반되는 위험에 대해 제대로 설명이 되지 않았다면 위자료 청구가 가능하다. 의료과실과 부작용 사이에 인과관계가 있다면 그 부작용에 대해서도 손해배상청구를 할 수 있다. 또한 BCI나 DBS 모두 뇌에 전극이나 마이크로칩등을 이식하고 이를 외부의 컴퓨터를 통해 제어하기 때문에 인체의식형 의료기기가 사용된다. 인체이식형 의료기기에는 제조물책임법이 적용되므로 그 결함으로 인해 부작용이 발생했다고 인정된다면 제조자에 대해서 손해배상을 청구할 수 있다. 최근 우리 의료기기법에는 인체이식형 의료기기 책임보험제도가 시행되어 피해자가 구제를 받을 가능성이 더 강하게 보장된다.