• Journal of Menopausal Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 2018

Objectives: Aim of present study was designed to investigate the soporific effect of fennel among menopausal women. Methods: The present double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial examined the fennel effect on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Total score and relevant 7 components, including sleep duration, sleep latency, use of sleeping medication, subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction and habitual sleep efficiency among 50 menopausal women compared to control group within a 12-week follow-up. Results: The patients in both groups reported no certain side effects and all subjects completed the study. The mean actual sleep duration was 5 hours and 66 minutes. Intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant differences in the mean total PSQI score (P = 0.439), subjective sleep quality (P = 0.826), habitual sleep efficiency (P = 0.127), sleep disturbances (P = 0.130), use of sleeping medication (P = 0.52) and daytime dysfunction (P = 0.439). A tendency toward significant between 2 groups was seen concerning the sleep duration (P = 0.059). Intergroup comparison showed significantly borderline levels (P = 0.059). Conclusions: The treatment of 12 weeks with fennel caused a slight effect that did not reach to significant. These findings should be considered cautiously because of small sample size, short-term follow-up and subjective measure of sleep quality.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The Korean version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) and sleep habits inventory were administered to 1,038 Korean male daytime workers and were analyzed according to age and chronotype to determine what these factors reveal about sleep habits in view of phase difference of circadian rhythm. The mean and distribution of scores on the MEQ moved significantly toward the morning type with aging. Bedtimes and waking times were progressively later from the morning, intermediate, to evening types, and were also earlier with aging. Preferred bedtimes and waking times showed more distinct differences than did the habitual times in each chronotype. The percentage of subjects who answered that sleep length was 'short', mood upon waking was 'bad', and variabilities of bedtime and sleep length were 'large' were greater in the young and evening types than in the elder and morning types, respectively. These findings suggested that subjects were shifted toward the morning type and the phase of circadian rhythm had moved forward with aging. Preferred bedtime and waking time were a better reflection of individual circadian rhythms than habitual bedtime and waking time.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.465-476
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• 2019

This study was convergence study to determine sleep and its factors in university students on the basis of Spielman's 3P model. The participants were 191 graduate and undergraduate students who were scheduled to take the exam after 1~2 weeks. The related variables of quality of sleep were self-control, stress, test anxiety, smartphone dependence, and daytime sleepiness. Chi-square test and t-test were used to make a comparison of the quality of sleep between the good and the bad sleep quality group. Pearson's coefficient correlation analysis was performed for correlation between the quality of sleep and the general characteristics, self-control, stress, test anxiety, smartphone dependence, and daytime sleepiness. Stress and test anxiety as precipitating factors for sleep disturbance, smartphone dependency as a perpetuating factor for sleep disorder, and daytime sleepiness as a sleep-related factor were correlated with the quality of sleep; no statistically significant correlation was found with self-control as a predisposing factor in the biopsychological area. It is necessary to solve such problems with mental health as stress and test anxiety, which are factors for sleep disturbance, and smartphone dependency as a perpetuating factor for sleep disorder, in pursuit of higher quality of sleep for university students.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.773-789
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify the sleep patterns and influencing factors of hospitalized elderly in a long-term care hospital. The sleep patterns of 142 subjects were recorded using Sleep Charts. The average sleep time of subjects was 10.7 hours a day (3.9 hours in daytime and 6.8 hours in nighttime). Sleep regularity among participants were 71.7% in all day (58.1% in day time and 80.5% in night time). The presence of dementia patients in the room (PDPR) has been identified to be a statistically significant predictor of all day sleep, and pain, PDPR, and physical function have been found to be a significant predictors of sleep regularity in all day among subjects. It suggested that elderly patients in a long-term care hospital do not slept well during night, which leads to increase in daytime sleep and decrease the quality of their sleep. Therefore, an intervention program should be developed to promote the quality of sleep among hospitalized elderly.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2000

Sleep disturbances are frequently associated with neurological disorders. Sleep disorders interfere with rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders such as stroke and may increase the severity of their symptoms and recurrence rate of stroke. The treatment of sleep apnea syndrome is particularly important in managing patients with cerebral infarction of whom 50-80% have moderate to severe sleep apnea. Sleep apnea produces not only poor quality sleep but also excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue and lack of energy. Sleep problems frequently found in patients with dementia are sleep-wake cycle abnormality, fragmentation of sleep, nocturnal insomnia, decreased slow wave sleep and REM sleep, and sleep disordered breathing. The management of sleep disturbances is very important for controlling symptoms such as nocturnal wandering and sundowning syndrome in patients with dementia. Parkinson's disease and epilepsy are other neurological disorders that may have sleep disturbances.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2007

Sleep changes substantially with age. There is a phase advance in the circadian sleep cycle and increased waking after sleep onset. The elderly people wake more frequently during the night and experience fragmented sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. The prevalence of sleep disorders increases with age, and the composition of sleep disorders in the elderly differs from that in the young. The most frequently encountered sleep disorders are psychophysiologic insomnia, sleep disturbance due to dementia, sleeprelated respiratory disorder, restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder, and REM sleep behavior disorder. To treat the elderly sleep problem appropriately, it is important to know how sleep pattern changes as we age and to understand the cause of sleep-related symptoms. This article will review the sleep physiology and common sleep disorders in the elderly.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 1994

Objectives: The Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by snoring, observed apnea during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. The overnight polysomnographic recording is used to investigate patients with possible obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. But the overnight polysomnographic recording is time consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. Recently in diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, several simple screening tests have been suggested. Methods: This study was performed to assess the probability of application of clinical features and the degree of oxygen desaturation as a screening test for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The sensitivity and specificity of the self-report of clinical features including snoring, observed apnea during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were tested. And the degree of oxygen desaturation measured by oximetry in 42 subjects were compared with the overnight polysomnographic recording results. Results: In the prediction of apnea index more than 5, the sensitivity of observed apnea during sleep, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were 96.8%, 93.5%, 38.7%, 25.8% and the specificity of those clinical features were 182%, 36.4%, 100%, 72.7%, respectively. In the prediction of apnea index more than 5, the sensitivity and specificity of the combination of more than three self-report clinical features were 54.8% and 90.9%. The degree of oxygen de saturation and maximal apnea duration in the group of apnea index more than 5 were significantly different from those in the group of apnea index below 5(P<0.001). And the apnea index was significantly correlated with the degree of oxygen desaturation and maximal apnea duration(P<0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that application of clinical features alone as a screening test for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is inadequate because of it's high rate of false positive and false negative results. The degree of oxygen desaturation measured by oximetry is possibly applicable to screening test and follow up evaluation of treatment efficacy for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2019

Objectives: Healthy sleep is important and can have a positive effect on resilience. The aim of the present study was to compare the differences in resilience between two group nurses in rotating shift and daytime fixed work schedules and to investigate stress perception, coping factors, social and psychological health, and sleep factors that may affect resilience. Methods: A total of 400 female nurses having rotating shift and daytime fixed work schedules at two hospitals was surveyed from June 12, 2017 to June 12, 2018. All participants completed perceived stress scale (PSS), stress coping short form (Brief COPE), psycho-social wellbeing Index short form (PWI-SF) or general health questionnaire-18 (GHQ-18), center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), STAI-X-1 in state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), insomnia severity index (ISI), Conner Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Independent t-test, paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were applied to the results of the final 373 questionnaires of 400 nurses in two general hospitals. Results: Comparing the variable statistics between the two groups of rotating shift and daytime fixed work nurses, showed statistically significant differences in all variables except perceived stress, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Factors that had a significant correlation with resilience were stress coping strategies, depression, and insomnia severity (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, larger positive reframing1 (β = 0.206, p < 0.001), severe less depression (β = -3.45, p < 0.001), and higher psychosocial health (β = 0.193, p < 0.001). As acceptance coping2 increased (β = 0.129, p < 0.05), as daytime sleepiness decreased (β = -1.17, p < 0.05), and as active coping2 increased (β = 0.118, p < 0.05), as the positive reframing2 increases (β = 0.110, p < 0.05), the resilience increased. Conclusion: This study, it was found that resilience was higher in daytime fixed workers than in shift workers. In addition, specific stress coping strategies, psycho-social health, sleep, and depression factors were associated with resilience.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.213-221
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• 2009

Longanae Arillus (the rind of fruits of Dimocarpus longan) has been consumed for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety in Asia. To provide further scientific basis to traditional uses of this fruit on insomnia, we evaluated the effects of methanol extract of Longanae Arillus (MELA) on the alteration of sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra in acutely and chronically restraint-stressed rats. Following postsurgical recovery, Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after MELA administration in rats. Rats in the acute stress and chronic stress were administered with MELA for 10 days. On the $8^{th},\;9^{th}\;and\;10^{th}$ day of MELA administration, the rats were stressed for 3 h once per day. On the $10^{th}$ day and 1 h after MELA administration, the rats were stressed once for 22 h in the chronic stress group. Acute and chronic stress induced alternations in cortex EEG recordings during non-rapid eye movement (NREM), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. MELA shortened the total and REM sleep and increased the wakefulness in night time recording without changing daytime recordings. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and REM sleep, decreased total and NREM sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep without changing total sleep and wakefulness in night time recording. These findings suggest that MELA ameliorated the alterations in REM and NREM sleep of acutely and chronically stressed rats via modulation of cortical ${\alpha}-$, ${\theta}-$ and ${\delta}-$ wave activity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sleep problems in Korean elementary school children and the differences in sleep problems elated to their school grade and gender. Methods : One public elementary school in Dae-gu, Korea as randomly selected. And, parents who agreed to participate this study were asked to complete a modified version of Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea screening questionnaire (TuCASA). Results: The most common sleep problem was 'falling asleep in vehicle (44.2%)' and the prevalence rate of this problem differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while watching TV before 8 P.M. (8.0%), daytime fatigue (21.9%) and nocturnal enuresis during the past 6 months (5.3%) were significantly differed by school grade. The prevalence rate of falling asleep while doing home work, falling sleep during a lesson, snoring and bruxism were 12.6%, 1.0%, 26.7% and 13.2% respectively. Although these rates did not show any differences between grades, snoring as more in boys and daytime fatigue was more in girls. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that many elementary school children may have various sleep problems. Lower grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems which related to euro-developmental factors, whereas higher grade elementary schoolers had sleep problems related to sleep deprivation and stress. Finally, more female schooler showed signs of fatigue or sleepiness than male schoolers.