• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2005

A 16-week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio, mg/kcal) in juvenile Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Six experimental diets were formulated with three energy levels and two protein levels at each energy level. Three energy levels of 3800, 4150 and 4500 kcal per kg diets were included at 45 and 50% crude protein (CP) levels, respectively $(_{120}P_{45},\;_{110}P_{45},\;_{100}P_{45},\;_{130}P_{50},\;_{120}P_{50},\;and\;_{110}P_{50})$. After four weeks of the conditioning period, fish initially averaging $15.0{\pm}3g\;(means{\pm}SD)$ were randomly distributed into each tank as groups of 20 fish. Each diet was fed to fish in three randomly selected tanks at a rate of $2{\sim}3%$ wet body weight per day in the recirculated system. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed diet $_{100}P_{45}$ were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed the other diets. WG of fish fed diet $_{120}P_{50}$ was also significantly higher than those of fish fed diets $_{130}P_{50}$ and $_{110}P_{50}$. Feed efficiency ratio of fish fed diets $_{100}P_{45}$ and $_{110}P_{45}$ were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of fish fed other diets. These results suggest that the optimum P/E ratio may be 100 mg/kcal with 45% protein diets, and 120 mg/Kcal 50% protein diets for the maximum growth of juvenile Japanese eel under the experimental condition.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of uniconazole treatment on the growth and flowering of potted Chrysanthemum indicum L. for high quality pot plant production. Uniconazole was drenched at 0.05, 0.01, or 0.15 mg a.i./pot at 14 days after planting (DAP) of rooted cuttings. Simultaneously the short-day treatment (SDT) and pinching were adapted. The same amount of uniconazole (0.05 mg a.i./pot) was spilt drenched at once, twice, and three times, respectively, at 1 week interval. Uniconazole markedly reduced plant height, branch length, and stem diameter. Plant height was reduced linearly with increasing uniconazole concentration at 0.05, 0.01, or 0.15 mg a.i./pot up-to 41.6%, 52.5%, and 58.5%, respectively. In 0.05 mg a.i./pot, the number of branches greatly increased and plant height of 22.6 cm was adequate for pot plant. However, higher concentrations (0.10, 0.15 mg a.i.) were not suitable for production of high quality pot plant (17.0, 14.8 cm, respectively). Pinching and SDT decreased the number of days to visible bud, while uniconazole treatments delayed days to visible bud by 5-9 days compared with pinching and SDT. Number of visible buds was highest at 0.05 mg a.i./pot uniconazole treatment. However, flower diameter was decreased by uniconazole treatment, resulting in compact form. Number of stomata was increased by uniconazole treatment. The length of vascular tissues of uniconazole-treated plants ($11.2{\mu}m$) was smaller than that of non-treated plants ($15.0{\mu}m$, and the size of xylem vessel was also decreased. Uniconazole treatment at 0.05 mg a.i./pot at 14 DAP with pinching and SDT were recommended for pot plant production of C. indicum L.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.12
• /
• pp.1726-1733
• /
• 2011

We performed a randomized placebo-controlled trial to determine whether or not Ishige okamurae extract supplements modulate blood glucose and antioxidant systems in type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 46 patients were randomized to either an Ishige okamurae extract group or a placebo group. The patients consumed either 1,600 mg of Ishige okamurae extract or cornstarch supplement per day for 10 weeks. The lifestyle factors and dietary intake of patients were not altered during the 10 week trial period. After 10 weeks, the fasting blood glucose level was slightly decreased in the Ishige okamurae extract group, but a significant decrease was not observed. Also, glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly (p<0.01) decreased. Especially, low-glycosylated hemoglobin ($7.12{\pm}0.38%$ to $6.56{\pm}0.53%$) was significantly decreased compared to high-glycosylated hemoglobin ($8.65{\pm}0.92%$ to $8.60{\pm}0.85%$) in that group. The superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were increased in the Ishige okamurae extract group compared to the placebo group. The increase of these enzymes was associated with the decrease of MDA concentration in the Ishige okamurae extract group, but a significant decrease was not observed. The Ishige okamurae extract supplement showed no adverse effects on liver and kidney functions. Findings from this study suggest that an Ishige okamurae extract supplement can help blood glucose status in type 2 diabetic patients without adverse effects.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the performance of laying period of two-way crossbred of Korean native chickens. A total of four hundred eighty female 2-crossbred chicks that restored strains and were aboriginal at National Institute of Animal Science. Treatments were four crossbreds (4 replications/crossbred, 30 birds/replication) as A) C strain ${\times}$ S strain, B) C strain ${\times}$ H strain, C) R strain ${\times}$ S strain, and D) L strain ${\times}$ H strain, respectively. There were no significant difference on age, egg weight, and body weight at first egg among crossbreds (P>0.05). Body weight of D crossbred was lower compared to other crossbreds at the age of 24, 32, 40 and 60 week (P<0.05). Feed intake of A crossbred was highest among crossbreds (P<0.05). Weekly egg weight of A crossbred was the highest among crossbreds all laying period except 48~52 and 60~64 weeks. Hen-house egg production of A and B crossbreds was higher than that of C and D crossbreds (P<0.05). Hen-day egg production decreased after at the age of 36 weeks. Weekly egg production of A and B crossbreds was higher compared to C and D crossbreds (P<0.05). These results suggested the basic data on the record of laying period of 2-crossbreed Korean Native Chickens.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.300-314
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study sought to predict the reasons for skipping breakfast by adolescents aged 13-18 years using the 7^th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The participants included 1,024 adolescents. The data were analyzed using a complex-sample t-test, the Rao Scott χ²-test, and the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm for decision tree analysis with SPSS v. 27.0. The participants were divided into two groups, one regularly eating breakfast and the other skipping it. Results: A total of 579 and 445 study participants were found to be breakfast consumers and breakfast skippers respectively. Breakfast consumers were significantly younger than those who skipped breakfast. In addition, breakfast consumers had a significantly higher frequency of eating dinner, had been taught about nutrition, and had a lower frequency of eating out. The breakfast skippers did so to lose weight. Children who skipped breakfast consumed less energy, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber, cholesterol, vitamin C, vitamin A, calcium, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, phosphorus, sodium, iron, potassium, and niacin than those who consumed breakfast. The best predictor of skipping breakfast was identifying adolescents who sought to control their weight by not eating meals. Other participants who had low and middle-low household incomes, ate dinner 3-4 times a week, were more than 14.5 years old, and ate out once a day showed a higher frequency of skipping breakfast. Conclusion: Based on these results, nutrition education targeted at losing weight correctly and emphasizing the importance of breakfast, especially for adolescents, is required. Moreover, nutrition educators should consider designing and implementing specific action plans to encourage adolescents to improve their breakfast-eating practices by also eating dinner regularly and reducing eating out.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 1988

A pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, is a causative protozoan parasite of primary amebic meningoencephalitis in human and experimental animals. It is known that humoral and cellular immunity contribute as the defence mechanism of host against this organism. Recently splenectomy has been argued on its effect on host defence mechanisms. The present study was aimed to observe the enact of immunization in splenectomized mice. For immunization, $5~10{\times}10^5$ trophozoites of Naegleria fewleri o 359 were intraperitoneally inoculated once a week for two weeks to BALB/c mice, and $5~10{\times}10^4$ of ameba trophozoites were intranasally inoculated for infection after splenectomy and/or immunization. ELISA technique was applied for the detection of seum IgG antibody levels. Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups; I. splenectomized and immuniEed; ll. splenectomized only; III. immunized only; IV. not splenectomized nor immunized. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Mortality rates of splenectomized and immunized mice in group I (38.1%) and immunized only in group III (25.0%) were lower than those of not immunized mice in group II (50%) and control group, IV (46.4%). 2. Survival times of mice in group I, II, III and IV were $20.1{\pm}3.6$, $17.3{\pm}4.5$, $20.4{\pm}7.0$ and $19.6{\pm}7.6$ days respectively, and there were no significant differences between them. 3. ELISA values (absorbance at 492nm) of group I (1, $10{\pm}0.29$) and group III ($1.31{\pm}0.28$) were significantly higher than that of group IV($0.24{\pm}0.37$) at day 31 of infection (p<0.05). Conclusively, it is presumed that humoral immunity against N. fowleri may operate as ever, after immunization, even though the mouse was splenectomized.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 2006

An empirical model of nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soil has been applied. It is based on the relationship between $N_2O$ and three soil parameters, soil mineral N(ammonium plus nitrate) content in the topsoil(0-15cm), soil water-field pore space, and soil temperature, determined in a study on clay loam and sandy loam at the pepper field in 2004. For comparisons between estimated and observed values of $N_2O$ emissions in the pepper field, it was investigated that $N_2O$ amount in the clay loam and sandy loam were overestimated as 12.2% and less estimated as 30%, respectively. However, $N_2O$ emissions were overestimated as 27.1% in the clay loam and 14.7% in the sandy loam from $N_2O$ gas samples collected once a week at the same time analyzing soil parameters. This modelling approach, based as it is well established and widely used soil measurements, has the potential to provide flux estimates from a much wider range of agricultural sites than would be possible by direct measurement of $N_2O$ emissions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.292-306
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated fruit and vegetable intake and associated socio-demographic and dietary factors, and compared the nutritional intake according to the fruit and vegetable intake level among Korean adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted on 1,676 adolescents who participated in the 2016-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were classified into four groups based on the fruit and vegetable intake recommendations in 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans: Application (KDRIs Application): sufficient fruit intake (SF) group, sufficient vegetables intake (SV) group, sufficient fruit and vegetables intake (SFV) group, and not sufficient fruit and vegetable intake (NS) group The nutrient intake per day in each group was compared.. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors influencing fruit and vegetables intake. Results: In the sample of adolescents surveyed, only 1.40% met the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables, while 79.54% fell below the established threshold for adequate consumption. Female adolescents, those with fathers holding university degrees or above, and those who ate breakfast at least three times a week were likelier to have adequate fruit intake. Male adolescents and those from higher-income households were likelier to consume vegetables. Females, those who ate out daily, those from lower-income households, and those who understood food labels were likelier to have adequate fruit and vegetable intake. The daily nutrient intake and intake-to-requirement ratio significantly differed according to the fruit and vegetable intake groups. The NS and SF group had lower ratios for calcium and iron, while the NS group had the lowest vitamin A and C intake. By contrast, the SFV group met almost all daily nutrient requirements, except for calcium and vitamin A. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for nutrition education programs to encourage adolescents to consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the results of local control, survival rate, prognostic factors, and failure pattern in locally advanced esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 50 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center from June of 1999 to August of 2008. Seven patients with inappropriate data were excluded, and 43 patients were analyzed. There were 39 males and four female patients ranging in age from 43 to 78 years (median, 63 years). There were seven patients with stage IIA and 36 with stage III. Irradiation from 46 Gy to 63 Gy (median, 54 Gy) was carried out 5 days per week, 1.8 Gy once a day. There were eight patients with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and we mostly used 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin with 3 cycles for concurrent chemotherapy. The range of follow up periods was from 2 to 82 months (median, 15.5). Results: There were nine patients that exhibited a cornplete response, 23 that exhibited a partial response, 9 that exhibited no response, and 2 that exhibited disease progression. The median survival time was 15 months. Two-year and 5-year survival rates were 36.5% and 17.3%, respectively. Two-year and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 32.4% and 16%, respectively. Treatment failure occurred in 22 patients (51.2%). Patterns of failure were categorized as local failure in 18 patients and distant metastasis in four patients. In a univariate analysis for prognostic factors related to overall survival and disease-free survival, the hemoglobin levels during chemoradiotherapy (${\geq}$ 12 vs. <12, p=0.02(p=0.1) and the response to the treatments (CR/PR vs. NR/PD, p=0.002/p< 0.0001) were statistically significant. In a multivariate analysis, only response to the treatments was revealed to be statistically significant. There was no statistical significance associated with patient age, gender, disease stage, T-stage, smoking history, tumor location, or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our survival rate was similar to those of other institutions. Local recurrence was the main reason for failure. It is suggested that further prospective studies should be performed to improve local control.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2005

A study was carried out to examine the effects of dietary kaolin on the performance, feed and nutrient efficiency, meat quality and feeding environment using 200 day-old growing ducts. Four replicates of 10 birds each was assigned to diets containing 0(C), 1 (T1), 2(T2), 3(T3) and $4(T4)\%$ of kaolin. Body weight gain in T1 and T2 were higher than in $C(p<0.05)$ whereas weight gain in T3 and T4 were not significantly different from the control. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio tended to increased as the level of dietary kaolin increased, but without significant differences among treatments. Mortality of growing ducks during 6 week period was not significantly different among treatments. Dressing percentage was highest in T1 and lowest in T4 $(p<0.05)$. The utilizability of nutrients except for crude fat Increased$(p<0.05)$, as the level of dietary kaolin increased. Moisture content and $NH_3$ gas emission of excreta was not significantly influenced by dietary kaolin. $H_2S$ gas emission of excreta in T2, T3 and T4 was lower compare to that in C and $T1(p<0.05)$. Cholesterol content in breast and thigh meat was not different among treatments. Values for pH, WHC, TBARS, POV and Cooking loss of breast and thigh meat were not significantly different or did not show any trend among treatments.