• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2016

Objectives: The major objective of this study was to analyze stress response after a change to consecutive day shifts from day and night shifts in a motor assembly factory. Methods: Using a survey conducted by a labor union, we collected data on stress response index(SRI), lifestyle factors, work-family conflict and job stress before and after a shift system change. We analyzed the transition on the SRI among 222 workers. The cut-off point for the SRI was a T-score over 60. Results: The high risk stress response group was 20.3% of the population before the shift system change. After the shift system change it decreased to 11.3%. After the shift system change, social support improved, leisure time became more sufficient, work-family conflict declined, and sleep quality in the night shift week improved. In multivariable linear regression, among workers under 40 years old sleep quality on night shift, leisure time sufficiency, social support and work-family conflict contributed to the improvement of stress response. Among workers over 40, work-family conflict contributed to the improvement of stress response. Conclusions: The change to consecutive day shifts improved stress response and mediated with improved nighttime sleep, decreased work-family conflict, increased leisure time and improved work-family conflict.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Based on a literature review regarding shift work, it is recognized that it has an adverse effect on workers' health. Especially, the night shift rather than the day shift imposes severe disorders on workers, which are indicated to dyssomnia, maladaptation to social life, and health problems such as gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and depression. As the shift work can be explainable by using workers' labor ability necessarily to maintain company business consistently, it does not consider biorhythm, active mass and health condition of workers Actually duration of shit work would deprive workers of fundamental life rights by causing physical and mental effects. As a result of reviewing previous case studies related to effect of work pattern (day shift and night shift) on workers' health, an incidence of physical diseases like dyssomnia, gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and premature delivery was higher in shift workers than normal workers. Additionally the incidence of mental disorders such as busy brain, social isolation, depression and work stress was also higher in shift workers than normal workers. These adverse physical and mental problems were intensified to night shift workers compared to day shift workers. Considering current various reports and study results, it is recommended that the shift work, especially the night work pattern, should not apply to contemporary work situation for sustaining workers' health condition constantly.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.869-880
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• 1998

In order to investigate of the effects of rapid rotating shift work on physiological stress, the activities of urinary Na$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, Cl$^{[-10]}$ were measured in 14 rotational shift nurses, during day shifts(8AM-4PM, n=4), evening shifts(4PM-l2MN, n=5), and night shifts(12MN-8AM, n=5) in hospital twenty students attending nursing college a used as a control group. Urine specimens were collected in 30 minutes before and after work on the second day of shift work. In day shift nurses, Na$^{+}$ activity was 137mM at 8AM and increased to 206mM at 4PM, whereas $K^{+}$ activity was 42mM at 8AM and no significant change at 4PM. Cl$^{[-10]}$ activity was changed from 234mM to 344mM at 4PM at 8AM. In the evening shift, Na$^{+}$ activity was 117mM at 4PM and 140mM at 12MN, $K^{+}$ activity was 22mM and 32mM, respectively. Cl$^{[-10]}$ activity was 169mM and changed to 270mM. During the night shift, Na$^{+}$ activity was 128mM at 12MN and changed to 161mM at 8AM, $K^{+}$ activity was 42mM at 12MN and 8AM, and Cl$^{[-10]}$ activity was from 303mM and changed to 355mM. In general, the urinary ion activities seemed to increase after work, however there were no significant changes in ion activities except the Na$^{+}$ increase in day shift. The mean of the activities of $K^{+}$ and Cl$^{[-10]}$ before and after work during the day and night shift were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05). $K^{+}$ activities were also higher than that of evening shift(P＜0.05). However, there was no difference in Na$^{+}$ activity among the control group and three shifts. There was a significant relationship among urinary Na$^{+}$, Cl$^{[-10]}$ and $K^{+}$ in the control group and rotating shift nurses except between Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in shift. The relationship between Na$^{+}$ and Cl$^{[-10]}$ was low in shift work and there was no significant relationship between Na$^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ in shift, suggesting that the active regulation $K^{+}$ and/or Na$^{+}$ in response to stress upon the shift work disruped the ratio of urinary Na$^{+}$ to $K^{+}$ and also lowered the relationship between $K^{+}$ and Cl$^{[-10]}$ . These results suggest that nurses working the day shift were overloaded and under stress, and the night shift interfered with the physiological rhythm of the nurses.red with the physiological rhythm of the nurses.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2007

Purpose: This study is conducted to compare and analyse the health status and job satisfaction of nurses. Method: The subjects were a group of 90 nurses on fixed day nurse and the other group of 100nurses on night nurse. The collected data were analysed by using the SPSS WIN(10.0) program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: There was a significant difference according to years in services. In nurses on day shift, there was a inverse correlation between the health status and job satisfaction. And in nurses on day shift, job satisfaction levels differed significantly depending on personality, satisfaction to pay, and current health status. In nurses on night shift, nurses' job satisfaction levels differed significantly depending satisfaction to pay. Conclusion: It was confirmed that health of nurses is greatly affected by shift work. so, it is very important to maintain and promote their health status in nurses on night shift. We must find out the factors that greatly affect health of nurses, and continuously make an effort to improve the working environment.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the sleep-wake patterns, social jetlag (SJL), and daytime sleepiness (DS) among air traffic controllers (ATCs) with rotating shifts. A total of 133 shift-rotating ATCs participated by completing self-report questionnaires regarding their sleep-wake patterns and DS. SJL, indicating the mid-sleep difference between workdays (W) and free days (F), was calculated for each shift. Night-shift workdays had the shortest sleep duration (SD) (5.28 hours), whereas free days following day shifts had the longest SD (6.66 hours). SJL for day and night shifts was 2.73 and 2.71 hours, respectively. The average DS score was 7.92 out of 24, with a 28.6% prevalence of DS. There was a negative correlation between SD following day shifts and SJL for the day shifts. Given these findings, it is recommended to implement effective interventions and work schedules to maintain consistent sleep patterns and minimize social jetlag to address sleep issues for shift-working ATCs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2004

Objectives : The objective of this study is to compare the circadian patterns of heart rate variability assessed by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings during day shift and night shift among the workers in the 5 days-concecutive-12-hour shift in an automobile factory in Korea. Methods : The study population consisted 300 workers, who were randomly selected among the 8700 total workers in one car factory. To analyse circadian variation, the 24-hour ECG recordings (Marquette) were measured during day shift (08:00-20:00 h) and night shift (20:00-08:00 h). Analysis was performed for all time and frequency domain measures of HRV. 233 workers completed taking 24-hour ECG recordings. Results : This study shows that the 24 hourcircadian variation mainly follows work/sleep cycle rather than day/night cycle among shift workers. This study also shows that among the night shift, the circadian variation between work and sleep cycle decreased compared to the work/sleep cycle among day shift workers. All time and frequency domain parameters (except LF/HF ratio) show significantly different between work and sleep in the day shift and night shift. Conclusion : These changes in heart rate variability circadian rhythms reflect significant reductions in cardiac parasympathetic activity with the most marked reduction in normal vagal activity among the shift workers. Especially, it suggests the circadian rhytm has blunted among the night workers. The quantification of the circadian variation in HRV can be a surrogates of workers' potential health risk, as well as suggests possible mechanisms through which the shift works compromise workers' health.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2000

To determine the optimal rotational shift system, the effect of the direction of the rotational work shifting on the nocturnal rhythm of plasma melatonin were investigated in nursing students. Two groups of nine volunteers participated as experimental subjects, and two nursing students participated as a control group. The directions of the rotational work shift were as follows: CW(clockwise)-shift were rotated in the direction of day shift(3 days), evening shift(3 days), off duty(1 day) and night shift(5 days), and CCW(conuterclockwise)-shift were done in the reverse direction. Plasma melatonin concentrations was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results were as follows : The plasma melatonin levels were kept low at night and in the following morning in the CW night shift workers, whereas the level started to increase at 05 : 00 hr in two workers of four CCW shift workers. These result suggests that the shift rotation in the CW direction is more acceptable in terms of the adaptation of hormonal rhythms. These results indicate that the CCW rotation of shift work is somewhat better than CCW rotation for the adaptation to shift work on hormonal aspects in nurses.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.103-121
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• 1995

교대작업이 근로자의 육체적, 정신적 및 사회적 건강에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 1993년 5월 한 달간 경상남도 울산시 소재 모 자동차 공장 생산직 근로자 659명(교대작업자 : 544, 주간작업자 : 115)을 대상으로 설문조사 및 면접조사를 실시하였다. 조사시점에서 현재 교대작업을 하고 있으며 자신의 근무기간 중 80% 이상을 교대작업에 참여한 근로자를 지속적인 교대작업자로 간주하였으며, 조사 당시 교대작업에 참여하고 있지 않고 과거에도 교대 작업에 참여한 경험이 전혀 없었던 근로자룰 주간작업자로 하였다. 교대작업군과 대조군의 일반적인 특성 및 작업과 관련된 특성은 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였으며, 교대작업에 관련된 내용은 면접을 통한 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 근로자의 수면양상과 식사형태에 관한 설문은 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health에서 개발된 항목을 이용하여 조사하였으며, 위장관계질환의 자각증상에 관하여서도 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 근로자의 일반적인 안녕 상태와 장해는 미국의 Health and Nutrition Examination Survey에서 개발된 자기기입식 설문인 General Well-Being Schedule(GWB)에 의해 측정되었다. 교대작업자에서 자신이 원하는 수면시간보다 1시간 이상 수면이 모자란다고 호소한 근로자가 56.8%로 주간작업군의 50.0%보다 높았으며, 수면 중 2회 이상 잠을 깨는 근로자의 비율, 잠에서 깨었다 다시 잠들기가 힘들다고 호소한 근로자의 비율, 일주일에 2일 이상 작업 중 피곤하거나 졸리다고 호소한 근로자의 비율, 일주일에 2일 이상 작업이 끝난 후에도 피곤하거나 졸리다고 호소한 근로자의 비율은 주간 작업자보다 교대작업자에서 현저하게 높았으며(p<0.01), 교대작업자에서 자고 일어난 후에도 피로감을 호소하는 율도 교대작업군에서 53.1%로 주간작업자의 40.0%보다 높았다(p<0.05). 수면의 형태를 보면 교대작업자에서는 각 교대작업 때마다 다른 형태의 수면을 취하는 근로자가 35.9%로 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였으며, 잠을 잘 못 잔다고 호소하는 근로자도 12.3%로 주간작업자의 6.1%보다 훨씬 많은 비율을 차지하였다. 잠을 자기 위해 약물을 상습적으로 복용하는 근로자도 주간작업자에서 1.7%, 교대작업자에서 2.8%를 차지하였다. 교대작업자들과 주간작업자는 다른 형태의 식사형태를 보였으나 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 식욕은 주간작업자의 13.0%에서 아주 좋다라고 응답한 반면 교대작업자에서는 6.6%만이 식욕이 아주 좋다라고 응답하였으며, 식욕이 매우 나쁘다라고 응답한 비율도 5.0%로 주간작업자의 2.5%보다 높았다. 교대작업자와 주간작업자의 위장관계 자각증상 호소율은 교대작업군에서 높았으며(p<0.01), 배변습관의 변화와 체중감소 호소율도 교대작업자에서 주간작업자에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 근로자의 일반적인 안녕 상태와 장해는 HANES I에서 개발된 General Well-Being Schedule(GWB)에 의해 측정되었는데 불안척도, 우울척도, positive well-being척도, 활력척도에서는 교대작업군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05). 자기제어력척도, 일반건강척도도 교대 작업자에서 낮았으나 유의한 수준은 아니었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 교대작업자에서 생체리듬의 부조화로 인한 수면, 식사, 위장관계장해 등의 일련의 자각증상에 대한 호소율이 주간작업자에 비해 전반적으로 높았으며, 일반적인 건강 장해 호소율도 교대작업자에서 높았다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-41
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• 1999

This study intended to analyze the health promoting behaviors, compare their factors according to the shift pattern of duties of women workers who were working in the industrial workplace and present basic data in planning systematic and effective programs of health promotion for three-shift system and day-duty. Using Quota Sampling, 219 women workers were selected as subjects from 5 workshops which had 50 settled workers up to 300 and 10 factories which had more than 300 located in Taegu and Kyung-Book Province. Data were collected by means of questionnaire from September 12 to September 30, 1998. As the instruments of the study were used Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) which was adapted and adjusted by Seo, Y. O. for health promoting behavior, the one developed by Moon, J. S. (1990) for health-belief, the one developed by Sherer et al.(1982) and then adapted by Oh, H. S. for self-efficacy, and the one developed by Park, J. W. (1985) for social support. The analysis of data were performed with Cronbach's ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANCOVA, Kendal tau, Pearson correlation, Stepwise Multiple Regression test using SPSS program. The results of the study are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in age(${\chi}^2=32.46$, p=0.000), career (${\chi}^2=18.47$, p=0.000), working day(t=-3.18, p=0.000) by the shift pattern of duties in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the health promoting behaviors (t=2,52, p=0.012). The score of three-shift group on health promoting behaviors was 2.27, showing that it was lower by .13 than that of day-duty group(2.40). 3. ANCOVA involving age, career and working day as covariables, which had revealed significant difference before, showed that health promoting behaviors by the shift patterns of duties was significantly different(F=4.88, p=0.028). 4. In consideration of variables that have an influence on health promoting behavior by the shift pattern of duties, social support occupied 19.4% of health promoting behavior in the three-shift group and 22.5% including the sense of self-efficacy. In the day-duty group, social support occupied 34.4% of health promoting behavior. 5. The score of three-shift group(2.94) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(3.12) in the perceived benefit of health-belief(t= -3.29, p=0.001), while the score of three-shift group (2.48) was significantly higher than that of day-duty group(2.24) in the perceived barrier (t=4.22, p=0.000). In the sense of self-efficacy(t=-4.20, p=0.000), the score of three-shift group(3.24) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(3.53) while in social support(t=-4.56, p=0.000) the one of three-shift group(2.64) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(2.88). The suggestions are as follows on the basis of the results of this study : 1. It is required to develop health promoting program that takes the shift pattern of duties of women workers into consideration. In addition, there are special demands on developing nursing strategies for health promoting behavior of three-shift workers. 2. It is required to develop specific strategies for social support which is the most significant factor to the health promoting behavior for women workers. 3. It is necessary to develop some programs for improving the sense of self-efficacy, social support, and health-belief of three-shift workers. To achieve these tasks, industrial nurses should play an active role and improve the ability of self-health care of women workers.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2015

Background: Recovery from fatigue is important in maintaining night workers' health. This study compared the course of self-reported recovery after 2-week 12-hour schedules consisting of either night shifts or swing shifts (i.e., 7 night shifts followed by 7 day shifts) to such schedules consisting of only day work. Methods: Sixty-one male offshore employees-20 night workers, 16 swing shift workers, and 25 day workers-rated six questions on fatigue (sleep quality, feeling rested, physical and mental fatigue, and energy levels; scale 1-11) for 14 days after an offshore tour. After the two night-work schedules, differences on the $1^{st}$ day (main effects) and differences during the follow-up (interaction effects) were compared to day work with generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: After adjustment for confounders, significant main effects were found for sleep quality for night workers (1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.89) and swing shift workers (1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.94) when compared to day workers; their interaction terms were not statistically significant. For the remaining fatigue outcomes, no statistically significant main or interaction effects were found. Conclusion: After 2-week 12-hour night and swing shifts, only the course for sleep quality differed from that of day work. Sleep quality was poorer for night and swing shift workers on the $1^{st}$ day off and remained poorer for the 14-day follow-up. This showed that while working at night had no effect on feeling rested, tiredness, and energy levels, it had a relatively long-lasting effect on sleep quality.