• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.329-340
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• 2018

Objectives : In Traditional Korean medicine, Daucus carota L. has been used for treating dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysentery and cough. Recent pharmacognosic evidence showed D. carota has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-fungal, and hypotensive effects. Present study investigated hepato-protective effect of D. carota ethanol extract (DCE) against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Methods : After HepG2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of DCE, the cells were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) for inducing oxidative stress. Cell viability, hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione concentration, and mitochondrial membrane potentials were measured to explore hepato-protective effect of DCE. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and effect of compound C on cell viability were determined to investigate the role of AMPK on DCE-mediated cytoprotection. Results : DCE significantly decreased the tBHP-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner and reduced the changes on apoptosis-related proteins by tBHP in HepG2 cells. In addition, DCE significantly prevented hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione depletion, and mitochondrial membrane impairment induced by tBHP. Treatment with DCE increased phosphorylation of AMPK, and the DCE-mediated cytoprotection was abolished by pretreatment with compound C. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that DCE can protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress through activation of AMPK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.646-650
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• 2001

In this study, we investigated the thermotropic behavior of Daucus carota L. (DCS) extracts in phosphatidylcholine(PC) liposomes using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (nano-DSC). We used dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers which made most stable liposomes among the other phosphatidylcholine. The sample DCS was extracted and fractionated to four different types, hexane(DCSMH), ethylacetate (DCSMEA), butanol (DCSMB) and aqueous(DCSMA) fractions. Compared to the other fractions of Daucus carota L., the DCSMH and DCSMEA fractions markedly affected the thermotropic properties of DPPC liposomes, broadened and shifted the thermograms of transition to lower temperatures. The incorporation of DCSMH and DCSMEA in DPPC liposomes were preferentially located in the hydrophobic core of DPPC bilayers, where it reduced the lipid packing orderness (cooperative unit) in the gel state compared to it in the liquid-crystalline state. These results suggest that the activities of the Daucus carota L. extracts to enhance the fluidity of the liposomal membrane have implication in their biological activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of cadmium on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cultured cells of Daucus carota L. Embryogenic calli were induced from cotyledon explants of carrot seedlings cultured on MS solid medium supplemente with 1 mg/L 2,4-D Embryogenic cells proliferated on medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D were also cultured in liquid MS medium containing various concentrations (50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 $\mu$M) of cadmium for one week and then transferred to MS basal medium. Somatic embryogenesis occurred in suspension culture treated with 50 $\mu$M and 100 $\mu$M cadmium or untreated with cadmium. When cadmium was treated in suspension culture, production of two and four cotyledonary somatic embryos was reduced, but that of three cotyledonary somatic embryo was increased. Two cotyledonary embryos showed higher regeneration frequency than abnormal somatic embryo with one, three and four cotyledon. Regardless of cotyledonary variation, germination frequency of somatic embryos treated with cadmium was decreased in compared with that of embryos in basal medium.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.310.1-310
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• 1997

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.315.2-315
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• 2001

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 1994

Involvement of ethylene and Ca2+ on the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was investigated in Daucus carota L. suspension culture system. Ethylene production started to increase about 3 h after glucan treatment. And the maximal induction of ethylene was preceded by PAL induction by 30 min. After the treatment of ethrel, PAL activity was increased. When cells were treated with glucan and Co2+, PAL activity was simultaneously reduced. Ethylene production was reduced dramatically in calcium-free medium, even though glucan was treated. PAL activity and ethylene producton was inhibited conspicuously when ethylene glycolbis($\beta$-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) was treated with glucan. Verapamil and trifluoperazine also inhibited PAL activity. When cells were treated with calcium ionophore A23187, PAL activity was increased in nontreated medium. We report here PAl activity is increased in related to ethylene production and involvement of Ca2+ in glucan-treated carrot suspension cells.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.75-78
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• 1999

To obtain direct evidence for thed involvement of C-AB13, a carrot (Daucus carota L.) homolog of VPI/Ab13, seed-specific transcription factor, in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance carrot non-embryogenic cells (NC) in which the C-AB13 gene was expressed ectopically was prepared. Non-transgenic NC, in which expression of C-AB13 was not detected, did not exhibit desiccation tolerance even after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA). In transgenic NC that expressed C-AB13, embryo-specific ABA-inducible genes (ECP genes) were expressed upon ABA-treatment. Furthermore, the transgenic NC became desiccation-tolerant upon ABA-treatment, but not tolerate desiccation without ABA-treatment. These results provide direct evidence for the involvement of C-AB13 in the ABA-induced acquisition of desiccation tolerance.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1996

Embryogenic callus was selected from callus induced from hypocotyl segment cultures of Daucus carota seedlings on MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Cell clumps prepared from the embryogenic callus were transferred to MS medium without 2,4-D for somatic embryo development. Cotyledonary abnormalities were frequently observed on somatic embryos developed after the incubation of cell clumps in MS basal medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D for one week and then subculture in the same medium but without 2.4-D for two weeks. The percentage of abnormalities was as follows: 5% one cotyledon, 21% three cotyledons, 6% four cotyledons, 5% five cotyledons, 0.2% six cotyledons and 1% trumpet-like cotyledons. On the other hand, the normal somatic embryo with two cotyledons appeared at 63%. The germination rate of somatic embryos was higher in two cotyledon somatic embryos than in multicotyledonary embryos. Trumpet-like somatic embryos did not germinate normally showing limited elongation and enlargement of roots and cotyledons without shoot development. From anatomical examination circular procambium in the root of somatic embryo began to branch around the middle regions of the hypocotyl which extended into the cotyledons through the cotyledonary nodes and the number of branched procambial strands in hypocotyl was equal to the number of cotyledons. Monocotyledonous somatic embryo always had larger cotyledon than that of somatic embryos with multicotyledons and had horseshoe-like cotyledons where the procambium was of the same structure.ucture.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 1990

These studies were carried out to obtain the transformant from carrot cells by using binary vector pGA472 with NPT II gene to confer kanamycin resistance in the plant cells. The binary vector pGA472 was mobilized from E. coli MC1000 into A. tumefaciens strains isolated in the Korea, C23-1. K29-1, and disarmed Ti-plasmid PC2760, and A28l using a tri-parental mating method with E. coli HB101/pRK2013. Transconjugants, C23-1/pGA472, K29-1/pGA472, PC2 760/pGA472 and A28l/pGA472 were obtaind on the minimum AB media containing tetracycline and kanamycin, were comfirmed to hold the Ti-plasmid and pGA472 binary vector on the 0.7% agarose gel. Transformed carrot calli were initiated on the MS media supplemented with l00$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml kanamycin and 250$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml carbenicillin after co-cultivation of carrot explant and transconjugant Agrobacteria. Selected callus was grown vigouousley for subculture on the medium containing 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml kanamycin, thus indication that the selected callus was transformed with NPT II gene.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1998

The somatic embryos of Daucus carota L. cv. Hongshim developed in MS basal medium far 4 weeks had varied number of cotyledons. Palisade and spongy parenchyma of cotyledon were not clearly discriminated in all seedlings developed from the embryos. No independent existence of collateral vascular bundle was observed in all seedlings with various types of cotyledon ; instead, vascular bundles were either interconnected or partially connected with one another. Most of the cotyledonary bases on hypocotyl showed short cylinder structure which encircle plumule. The vascular tissues of cotyledonary bases and nodes of seedlings with jar-shaped or 1 cotyledon were connected in ring forms, showing the pattern of ectophloic shiphonostele, and similar ring form structure was also found in the vascular arrangement of 5 cotyledon seedlings. The vascular bundles of seedlings with 2, 3 and 4 cotyledons in many cases had independently arranged within the cotyledonary bases and nodes, showing the pattern of eustele. In hypocotyl, tetrarch or hexarch xylems prevailed in seedlings with jar-shaped cotyledon or 1 and 5 cotyledon; tetrarch xylems prevailed in 2 cotyledon seedlings; and triarch xylems prevailed in 3 cotyledon seedlings. In most of seedlings, cortex vascular bundles were dispensed in the region from cotyledonary node to hypocotyl, but double vascular bundles were also observed occasionally. In roots, diarch xylems were observed in most of seedlings with 2 cotyledons, triarch xylems in half of seedlings with 3 cotyledons, and diarch xylems in most of the remaining seedlings with the occasional occurrences of tetrarch xylems.