• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-157
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• 2002

The rapid growth of e-commerce has made both companies and customers face a new situation. Whereas companies have become to be harder to survive due to more and more competitions, the opportunity for customers to choose among more and more products has increased. So, the recommender systems that recommend suitable products to the customer have an important position in E-commerce. This research introduces collaborative filtering based recommender system which helps customers find the products they would like to purchase by producing a list of top-N recommended products. The suggested methodology is based on decision tree, product taxonomy, and association rule mining. Decision tree is used to select target customers, who have high possibility of purchasing recommended products. We applied the recommender system to a Korean department store. The methodology is evaluated with the analysis of a real department store case and is compared with other methodologies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.4902-4932
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• 2016

The popularity of network virtualization has recently regained considerable momentum because of the emergence of OpenFlow technology. It is essentially decouples a data plane from a control plane and promotes hardware programmability. Subsequently, OpenFlow facilitates the implementation of network virtualization. This study aims to provide an overview of different approaches to create a virtual network using OpenFlow technology. The paper also presents the OpenFlow components to compare conventional network architecture with OpenFlow network architecture, particularly in terms of the virtualization. A thematic OpenFlow network virtualization taxonomy is devised to categorize network virtualization approaches. Several testbeds that support OpenFlow network virtualization are discussed with case studies to show the capabilities of OpenFlow virtualization. Moreover, the advantages of popular OpenFlow controllers that are designed to enhance network virtualization is compared and analyzed. Finally, we present key research challenges that mainly focus on security, scalability, reliability, isolation, and monitoring in the OpenFlow virtual environment. Numerous potential directions to tackle the problems related to OpenFlow network virtualization are likewise discussed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

The objectives of the study are to investigate pharmacy remuneration levels stratified by the number of prescriptions dispensing and the type of nearby medical facilities using the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) database, and to classify community pharmacies based on the characteristics. Claims data of all community pharmacies were extracted from the Korean NHI database from January 1 to June 30, 2010. A total of 14,985 pharmacies were included for the analysis. The remuneration amounts per pharmacist were directly associated with the number of prescription dispensing, and varied by the type of nearby medical facilities where more than 90% of prescriptions dispensed at the pharmacy are issued from. We classified pharmacies to six groups according to the number of prescription dispensing and the type of nearby medical facilities; (1) pharmacies with equal to or less than 200 prescriptions per month per pharmacist, (2) pharmacies near a general hospital, (3) pharmacies near a regular hospital, (4) pharmacies near a clinic, (5) pharmacies near multi clinics, and (6) pharmacies that do not belong to the above types. Compared to pharmacies near a clinic or multi clinics, pharmacies near a general hospital showed a lower number of prescription dispensing per pharmacist, but the income from dispensing fees was higher (p<0.05). The new taxonomy of community pharmacies can be a useful basis for further policy development in pharmacy remuneration system.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-192
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• 2021

Sacred groves are large areas of virgin or human-modified landscape with a diverse range of species that have been protected by local people for centuries due to cultural, religious beliefs, and taboo that the deities live in them and protect the villagers from various calamities. The present study was carried out for quantitative analysis of diversity, population structure, regeneration and conservation status of tree species in the four 36.86 ha sacred groves of Jhargram district in West Bengal. Tree species composition, population structure and regeneration status were analyzed by randomly establishing of 1 ha subplots within the sacred groves. Density, frequency, basal area, abundance, evenness, and other diversity indices were calculated for adult trees with girth at breast height (GBH) >31 cm. A total of 146 tree species belonging to 116 genera distributed in 44 families from 21 orders were recorded. Pterospermum suberifolium, family Malvaceae showed the highest Species Importance Value Index (SIVI, 21.33) and Fabaceae showed the highest Family Importance Value Index (FIVI, 35.59) values respectively. Individuals are categorised into three groups, seedling, sapling and adult based on girth classes. The majority of tree species exhibited good (52.74%) regeneration followed by fairly (24.66%), poor (15.75%) and no regeneration (6.85%) respectively. With the healthy existence of the sacred grove, the overall population structure of tree species showed a strong regeneration potential. The current data will be useful in determining the current status of tree species and will be used by the forest department, politicians, and conservationists to establish management plans for the conservation of priority species in the region. Since the study areas were sacred groves, tribal members were keen to preserve them due to their religious significance.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.180-194
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• 2023

This study characterize, classify and evaluates the function of topography on spatial variability of some selected soil properties to assist in designing land management that support uniform agricultural production. The study site, an agricultural land, was part of the derived savanna zone in southwest Nigeria. Four soil profile pits each were established along two delineated toposequence and described following the FAO/UNESCO guidelines. Samples were collected from the identified genetic horizons. Properties of four soil series developed on different positions of the two delineated Toposequence viz upper, middle, lower slopes and valley bottom positions respectively were studied. The soil samples were analysed for selected physical and chemical properties and data generated were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that soil colour, depth and texture varied in response to changes in slope position and drainage condition. The sand content ranged from 61 to 90% while the bulk density ranged between 1.06 g cm^-3 to 1.68 g cm^-3. The soils were neutral to very strongly acid with low total exchangeable bases. Available phosphorus value were low while the extractable micronutrient concentration varied from low to medium. Soils of Asejire and Iwo series mapped in the study area were classified as Typic isohyperthermic paleustult, Apomu series as Plinthic isohyperthermic paleustult and Jago series as Aquic psamment (USDA Soil Taxonomy). These soils were correlated as Lixisol, Plinthic Lixisol and Fluvisol (World Reference Based), respectively. Major agronomic constraints of the soils associations mapped in the study area were nutrient availability, nutrient retention, slope, drainage, texture, high bulk density and shallow depth. The study concluded that the soils were not homogenous, shows moderate spatial variation across the slope, had varying potentials for sustainable agricultural practices, and thus, the agronomic constraints should be carefully addressed and managed for precision agriculture.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.285-294
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• 2023

As software grows continuously in scale and complexity, the role of software architecture has become increasingly important across various industries. Although software architects often rely on their experience and intuition when designing such architecture, there is a variety of methodologies being researched for architecture design. However, these methodologies do not address the specific effects of applying multiple architectural patterns to a system or the sequence in which they should be applied. In this study, we explain the variation in architectural design results depending on the order in which the same set of architectural patterns is applied to a single system. Based on this phenomenon, we identify requirements for applying architectural patterns and propose a method of classifying the patterns to be applied. We also propose a prioritization process for requirements to efficiently apply the classified patterns in a specific order. Finally, we show a case study that prioritizing requirements based on architectural pattern types is beneficial for efficient software architecture design in terms of quality attributes.

• ALGAE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2024

Oomycetes are ubiquitous heterotrophs of considerable economic and ecological importance. Lately their diversity in marine environments has been shown to be greatly underappreciated and many lineages of intracellular holocarpic parasites, infecting micro- and macro-algae, remain to be fully described taxonomically. Among them, pathogens of marine red algae have been studied extensively as they infect important seaweed crops. Throughout the 20th century, most intracellular, holocarpic biotrophic oomycetes that infect red algae have been assigned to the genus Olpidiopsis Cornu. However, 18S rRNA sequencing of Olpidiopsis saprolegniae, the species considered the generitype for Olpidiopsis, suggests that this genus is not closely related to the marine pathogens and that the latter requires a nomenclatural update. Here, we compile and reanalyze all recently published 18S rRNA sequence data for marine holocarpic oomycetes, with a particular focus on holocarpic pathogens of red algae. Their taxonomy has been revised twice over the past four years, with suggestions to transfer them first into the genus Pontisma and then Sirolpidium, and into a monogeneric order, Pontismatales. We show however, that previously published topologies and the proposed taxa Pontisma, Sirolpidium, and Pontismatales are unsupported. We highlight that name changes that are unfounded and premature create confusion in interested parties, especially concerning pathogens of marine red algae that infect important seaweed crops. We thus propose that the names of these holocarpic biotrophic parasites of red algae are retained temporarily, until a supported topology is produced with more genetic markers to enable the circumscription of species and higher-level taxa.

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.155-173
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• 2012

Evidence from molecular data supports the close taxonomic relationship of the two North Pacific species Delesseria decipiens and D. serrulata with Cumathamnion, up to now a monotypic genus known only from northern California, rather than with D. sanguinea, the type of the genus Delesseria and known only from the northeastern North Atlantic. The transfers of D. decipiens and D. serrulata into Cumathamnion are effected. Molecular data also reveal that what has passed as Membranoptera alata in the northwestern North Atlantic is distinct at the species level from northeastern North Atlantic (European) material; M. alata has a type locality in England. Multiple collections of Membranoptera and Pantoneura fabriciana on the North American coast of the North Atlantic prove to be identical for the three markers that have been sequenced, and the name Membranoptera fabriciana (Lyngbye) comb. nov. is proposed for them. Many collections of Membranoptera from the northeastern North Pacific (predominantly British Columbia), although representing the morphologies of several species that have been previously recognized, are genetically assignable to a single group for which the oldest name applicable is M. platyphylla.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.35-48
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• 2011

In this paper, we have studied the impact of adopting XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) on information asymmetry in capital markets with the additional research on the usefulness of XBRL data how to improve the quality of accounting information. From the Kosdaq XBRL service, the samples are selected including 38 adopted companies and the 30 non-adopted companies for the paired analysis. The daily stock return volatility (VOLA) as independent variable and other several controlling variables have been added for the regression analysis to measure the impact on information asymmetry in capital markets. he analytical result indicated that the asymmetry hypotheses that XBRL data will give a significant impact on the capital market and will reduce the volatility, which are expected in the hypotheses. This is the first analytical research on the capital market and its impacts to the capital market from adopting XBRL based accounting information. Additionally, the analysis showed the impacts on the reporting cycle of accounting information and its usefulness of accounting data itself.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

The interconnection of an enormous number of devices into the Internet at a massive scale is a consequence of the Internet of Things (IoT). As a result, tasks offloading from these IoT devices to remote cloud data centers become expensive and inefficient as their number and amount of its emitted data increase exponentially. It is also a challenge to optimize IoT device energy consumption while meeting its application time deadline and data delivery constraints. Consequently, Fog Computing was proposed to support efficient IoT tasks processing as it has a feature of lower service delay, being adjacent to IoT nodes. However, cloud task offloading is still performed frequently as Fog computing has less resources compared to remote cloud. Thus, optimized schemes are required to correctly characterize and distribute IoT devices tasks offloading in a hybrid IoT, Fog, and cloud paradigm. In this paper, we present a detailed survey and classification of of recently published research articles that address the energy efficiency of task offloading schemes in IoT-Fog-Cloud paradigm. Moreover, we also developed a taxonomy for the classification of these schemes and provided a comparative study of different schemes: by identifying achieved advantage and disadvantage of each scheme, as well its related drawbacks and limitations. Moreover, we also state open research issues in the development of energy efficient, scalable, optimized task offloading schemes for Fog computing.