• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2018

판 경계부에 위치하지 않아 큰 규모의 지진이 발생하지 않는 지역으로 알려진 한반도에 최근 경주지진(2016/09/12, $M_L=5.8$)과 포항지진(2017/11/15, $M_L=5.4$)이 발생하였다. 이로 인해 현재 국내 지진에 대한 사회적 관심도가 증가하였고 지진 감쇠식, 액상화 및 지진시 구조물 피해에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행중이다. 하지만 현재 국내 관측소의 경우 설치간격이 조밀하지 않기에 정밀한 지진분석에는 한계가 있다. 이에 기상청에서는 포항지진 이후 신속하게 진원지 주변에 임시관측소를 설치하고 추가로 발생한 여진을 관측하였다. 본 연구에서는 임시관측소와 상시관측소에서 관측된 여진 기록과 수집된 대상구간의 지질구조와 지반정보를 통해 포항지역의 지진 전파특성을 분석하고 기반암 운동을 추정하였다. 분석결과 포항 망천리 지역에서는 지질구조상 분지효과로 의심되는 응답특성과 여진기록이 발견되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for growth curve parameters in Guilan sheep. Studied traits were parameters of Brody growth model which included A (asymptotic mature weight), B (initial animal weight) and K (maturation rate). The data set and pedigree information used in this study were obtained from the Agricultural Organization of Guilan province (Rasht, Iran) and comprised 8647 growth curve records of lambs from birth to 240 days of age during 1994 to 2014. Marginal posterior distributions of parameters and variance components were estimated using TM program. The Gibbs sampler was run 300000 rounds and the first 60000 rounds were discarded as a burn-in period. Posterior mean estimates of direct heritabilities for A, B and K were 0.39, 0.23 and 0.039, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlation between growth curve parameters were 0.57, 0.03 and -0.01 between A-B, A-K and B-K, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic trends for A, B and K were positive and their corresponding values were $0.014{\pm}0.003$ (P < 0.001), $0.0012{\pm}0.0009$ (P > 0.05) and $0.000002{\pm}0.0001$ (P > 0.05), respectively. Residual correlations between growth curve parameters varied form -0.52 (between A-K) to 0.48 (between A-B). Also, phenotypic correlations between growth curve parameters varied form -0.49 (between A-K) to 0.47 (between A-B). The results of this study indicated that improvement of growth curve parameters of Guilan sheep seems feasible in selection programs. It is worthwhile to develop a selection strategy to obtain an appropriate shape of growth curve through changing genetically the parameters of growth model.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2010

A total of 4,323,781 records for informal 16 primary linear descriptive traits of dairy cows in Holstein breed from 1988 to 2007 in USA were analyzed to estimate adjustment factors for lactation number and stage. While all factors in the model were highly significant (P < 0.01), major influences on linear type traits were due to lactation number and stage. The frequencies of lactation number 1 through 6 were 58.6, 22.0, 11.8, 4.8, 2.1, and 0.8%, respectively. Further, the frequencies of lactation stage were 0.7, 76.9, 15.3, 4.9, and 2.1%, respectively, for springing, early, medium, late, and dry. To adjust 16 linear traits (stature, dairy form, strength, body depth, rump width, rump angle, legs rear view, leg set, foot angle, fore udder, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder support, udder depth, and front teat placement), additive and multiplicative adjustment factors of lactation number (lactations 2 to 4) and stage (springing, medium, late and dry) were estimated with the solutions in the generalized linear model, assigning lactation 1 and stage early as base class. Additive adjustment factors of lactation number ranged from -1.23 to 2.908, while multiplicative factors ranged from 0.853 to 2.207. Further, additive and multiplicative adjustment factors for lactation stage ranged from -0.668 to 0.785, and from 0.891 to 1.154. Application of adjustment factors to 20 randomly sampled sub-data sets produced the results that additive adjustment factors for both lactation number and stage reduced more mean square of lactation number and stage over 16 linear traits than any combination of adjustments, and leaded additive adjustment factors for both lactation number and stage as a choice of methods for adjustment of informal 16 primary linear type traits collected by classifiers of AI studs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2016

Objective : This study investigated whether pyrosequencing can be used to determine the methylation status of the MGMT promoter as a clinical biomarker using relatively old archival tissue samples of glioblastoma. We also examined other prognostic factors for survival of glioblastoma patients. Methods : The available study set included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from 104 patients at two institutes from 1997 to 2012, all of which were diagnosed histopathologically as glioblastoma. Clinicopathologic data were collected by review of medical records. For pyrosequencing analysis, the PyroMark Q96 CpG MGMT kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used to detect the level of methylation at exon 1 positions 17-39 of the MGMT gene, which contains 5 CpGs. Results : Methylation of the MGMT promoter was detected in 43 (41.3%) of 104 samples. The average percentage methylation was $14.0{\pm}16.8%$ overall and $39.0{\pm}14.7%$ for methylated cases. There was no significant pattern of linear increase or decrease according to the age of the FFPE block (p=0.687). In multivariate analysis, age, performance status, extent of surgery, method of adjuvant therapy, and methylation status estimated by pyrosequencing were independently associated with overall survival. Additionally, patients with a high level of methylation survived longer than those with low methylation (p=0.016). Conclusion : In this study, the status and extent of methylation of the MGMT promoter analyzed by pyrosequencing were associated with overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Pyrosequencing is a quantitative method that overcomes the problems of MSP and a simple technique for accurate analysis of DNA sequences.

• 기록학연구
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• 제4호
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• pp.93-130
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• 2001

Chosen General Government initiated the activities of collecting and managing the archives from Chosen Dynasty because of necessity to push positively for its colonial policies. Particularly, such efforts of the regime resulted eventually in boosting their understanding on the Korea cultures, as well as contributed to their reigning Korea to an extent. Some aspects that reflect it are as follows. In 1910 Chosen General Government took over, and began to arrange and classify huge volumes of archives that were held by the royal family. During this period, they collected and arranged literatures that they took over from the earlier Korean government. In 1913, Chosen General Government increased enormously the varieties and volumes of the archives that they intended to collect. They started with collecting archives limited to those literatures that had existed in the civil sector before 1894. It can be noticed that just in 1913 Chosen General Government revealed their intention to collect and classify both royal archives and civil archives. With the work of collecting, classification and annotating archives, Chosen General Government commenced the compilation of Chosensa (Korean History). These efforts aimed at cultural assimilation and educating of Korean people, and in this process, the importance of Chosen Dynasty's archives was reconfirmed. One of the representative cases was a change of terminology. With the compilation efforts into full swing since 1915, Chosen General Government repeatedly started to use the term 'Saryo' (historical records) in connection with Chosen's literatures and archives. The term 'Saryo' previously had been used in Japanese literatures, and it is deemed that it was used as a term generally referring to archives of Chosen Dynasty from that time. This signifies that Chosen General Government began to involve their historical point of view in approaching to the archives of Chosen. As they broadened their understanding on Korea through the annotation of old literatures and compilation of Chosen History, they seriously set on the work of assimilating Korean people culturally aiming at gripping its reign on Korea. Archives of Chosen likewise were very crucial basic data for understanding Korea and its people, and Chosen General Government is deemed to have utilized the archives as a means to reign and assimilate Korean people.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2019

본 연구는 근위축성측삭경화증(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS)으로 진단된 여성을 대상으로 음향음성학적 스펙트로그램 분석을 이용하여 11개월 동안 모음과 이중모음의 포먼트 변화(vowel formant variation)를 분석하였다. 검사어는 단모음 /a, i, u/와 이중모음 /h + ja + da/, /h + wi + da/, /h +ɰi+ da/를 이용하였다. 발화자료는 'Alvin' 프로그램을 이용하여 모니터에 제시된 단어읽기과제를 통해 수집되었고, 녹음환경은 nyquist frequency는 5,500Hz, sampling rate는 11,000Hz으로 설정하였다. 녹음자료는 스펙트로그램을 이용하여 강도, 음도와 이중모음의 포먼트를 분석하였다. 분석결과, ALS의 진행과정에서 기본주파수와 강도가 저하되었고, 단모음에서의 포먼트 변화보다는 이중모음의 포먼트 기울기의 감소가 특징으로 확인되었다. 이 결과는 병의 진행에 따른 ALS의 모음왜곡이 혀와 턱의 협응력 감소에 기인함을 시사한다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

최근 Application에 대한 공격을 통하여 네트워크와 데이터베이스에 대한 방어정책인 침입탐지 룰(rule)을 무력화시키고, 침해사고를 유발한다. 이러한 공격으로부터 내부 네트워크와 데이터베이스의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 통합보안에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 침입탐지 룰을 설정한 Application에 대한 공격을 차단하기 위한 통합보안 시스템 구축에 관한 연구이다. 네트워크 기반의 공격을 탐지하여 대응하고, 내부 Integration Security System을 Virtual clustering과 Load balancing 기법으로 공격을 분산시키며, Packet 모니터링과 분석을 통하여 공격 목적지 Packet에 대한 방어정책 설정, 공격 Packet 분석, 기록, 룰 업데이트를 한다. 또한 공격 유형별 방어정책을 설정하여 Virtual Machine 분할 정책을 통한 접근 트래픽 해소, 공격차단에 적용하는 Integration Security System을 제안하고 방어를 실험한다. 본 연구 결과는 외부 해커의 공격에 대한 통합보안 방어를 위한 현실적인 자료를 제공하게 될 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to define a new composite trait for Holstein dairy cows and evaluate the possibility of joint improvement in milk and fertility traits. Methods: A data set consisting 35,882 fertility related records (days open [DO], calving interval [CI], and number of services per conception [NSC], and total milk yield in each lactation [TMY]) was collected from 1998 to 2016 in Polish Holstein-Friesian breed herds. In this study TMY, DO, CI, and lactation length of each cow was used to obtain composite milk and fertility traits (CMF). Results: Moderate heritability (0.15) was estimated for composite trait that was higher than heritability of female fertility related traits: DO 0.047, CI 0.042, and NSC 0.014, and slightly lower than heritability of TMY 0.19. Favourable genetic correlations (-0.87) were estimated between CMF with TMY. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between breeding value of CMF with DO, CI, and TMY were high (>0.94) but with NSC were moderate (0.64). Selection on CMF caused favourable correlated genetic gains for DO, CI, and TMY. Different selection indices with different emphasis on fertility and milk production were constructed. The amount of correlated genetic gains obtained for DO and total milk production according to selection in CMF were higher than of genetic gains obtained for DO and TMY in selection indices with different emphasis on milk and fertility. Conclusion: The animal selection only based on a composite trait - CMF proposed in current study would simultaneously lead to favourable genetic gains for both milk and fertility related traits. In this situation CMF introduced in current study can be used to overcome to limitations of selection index and CMF could be useful for countries that have problems in recording traits, especially functional traits.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1255-1268
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the healthcare utilization behavior of patients visiting the department of Korean internal medicine in the Korean medicine hospital of Wonkwang University in Jeon-ju from July 2018 to June 2021. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 26,108 patients and sorted the data by period, month, visiting types, new or returning types, sex, and age group. IBM SPSS 26.0 and the R 4.05 'changepoint' package were used with various statistical methods, such as Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, Simple regression analysis. The P-value was set at 0.05. Results and Conclusions: Females outnumbered males regardless of period, and the ratio of females fell after COVID-19. Regardless of visiting types, patients in their 50s, 60s, and 70s outrated any other age group. The average number of females among the returning patients decreased significantly after COVID-19, but did not in males. Outpatients under 10 and in their 10s decreased significantly after COVID-19, as did inpatients in their 40s and 60s. The average duration of hospitalization was extended significantly after COVID-19. The number of outpatients and inpatients decreased as time passed after COVID-19. We expect that the results of this study will be used as reference materials in analyzing the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2024

Objectives: Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure performed by intraoral approach with established and safe techniques; however, excessive blood loss has been reported in rare cases. In response, investigative efforts to identify methods to reduce the amount of blood loss have been made. Among such methods, the administration of tranexamic acid was reported to reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss. However, few studies to date have reported the effect of tranexamic acid in orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the administration of tranexamic acid on intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing bimaxillary (maxillary and mandibular) orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia. Patients and Methods: A total of 156 patients (mean age, 27.0±10.8 years) who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia performed by the same surgeon between June 2013 and February 2022 were included in this study. The following data were collected from the medical records of each patient: background factors (age, sex, and body mass index), use of tranexamic acid, surgical procedures, previous medical history, duration of surgery, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status findings before surgery, intraoperative blood loss as a primary outcome, in-out balance, and blood test results. Descriptive statistics were calculated for statistical analysis, and a t-test and the chi-squared test were used for between-group comparisons. Group comparisons were performed after 1:1 propensity score matching to adjust for confounding factors. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Comparison between the groups based on the use of tranexamic acid revealed a significant difference in operation time. Propensity score matching analysis revealed that intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid group. Conclusion: The administration of tranexamic acid was effective in reducing intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia.