• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2020

Background: The most frequent complication of nasotracheal intubation (NTI) is epistaxis. Epinephrine nasal gauze packing has been used conventionally as a pre-treatment for reducing epistaxis, but it carries a disadvantage of pain and anxiety in patients. However, xylometazoline drops are easier to administer and more convenient for patients. We aimed at comparing the effectiveness of xylometazoline drops and epinephrine merocele packing in reducing bleeding and postoperative complications in our population. Methods: Our study enrolled 120 patients in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. We randomly allocated ASA1 or 2 adult patients into 2 groups: Group X and Group E. Group X received 0.1% xylometazoline nasal drops, and epinephrine (1:10,000) merocele nasal packing was used in Group E. The primary outcome was the incidence of bleeding during NTI; the severity of bleeding, navigability, bleeding during extubation, and postoperative complications were secondary outcomes. We used IBM SPSS and Minitab software for statistical analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We analyzed the data of 110 patients: 55 in Group X and 55 in Group E. The two groups did not have different bleeding incidence (56.4% vs 60.0%; P = 0.70); however, the incidence of severe bleeding was less with xylometazoline than with epinephrine (3.63% vs 14.54%; P < 0.05). We also observed less bleeding during extubation (38.2% vs 68.5%; P < 0.05) with xylometazoline. Other secondary outcomes were akin to both groups. Conclusion: The incidence of severe and post-extubation bleeding was significantly less with xylometazoline. Hence, it may be an effective alternative for reducing the incidence and severity of epistaxis during NTI.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2020

The equitable partitioning problem(EPP) is classified as [0/1] binary skill existence or nonexistence and integer skill levels such as [1,2,3,4,5]. There is well-known a polynomial-time optimal solution finding algorithm for binary skill EPP. On the other hand, tabu search a kind of metaheuristic has apply to integer skill level EPP is due to unknown polynomial-time algorithm for it and this problem is NP-hard. This paper suggests heuristic greedy algorithm with polynomial-time to find the optimal solution for integer skill level EPP. This algorithm descending sorts of skill level frequency for each field and decides the lower bound(LB) that more than the number of group, packing for each group bins first, than the students with less than LB allocates to each bin additionally. As a result of experimental data, this algorithm shows performance improvement than the result of tabu search.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.46-58
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• 2016

In this study, the stress applied to screw section, strain, displacement, von Mises stress, and the compression stress applied to the rubber packing for watertightness are estimated with computer simulation when the tightening torque of valve socket is in the range of $10{\sim}130N{\cdot}m$ in order to analyze the influence of valve socket screw section in accordance with the excessive tightening which is supposed to be the cause of water leakage from the synthetic resin piping for fire fighting application of sprinkler equipment, and for the sake of verifying this, adequate value of tightening torque and the value of the compression stress of rubber packing are investigated by examining the number of connected thread for each tightening torque, the deformation state of valve socket and rubber packing and conducting the water hammering test. The result of this test is expected to be utilized as the data required for revising the standard or technical criteria to prevent the water leakage of the synthetic resin piping for fire fighting application.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1990

Cholesteryl pentyl carbonate $(C_{33}H_{56}O_3)$ is monoclinic, space group P21, with a = 12.484(3), b = 9.043(3), c = 14.053(3)$\AA$, ${\beta} = 94.12(2)^{\circ}$ and z = 2. The intensity data were measured for the 2969 reflections within sin $\theta/\lambda = 0.52 {\AA}^{-1}$, using an automatic four--circle diffractometer and graphite monochromated Mo-K$\alpha$ radiation. The atomic coordinates from cholesteryl octanoate were used in an initial trial structure and the structure was refined by full-matrix least squares methods. The final R-factor was 0.12 for 1164 observed reflections. The pentyl group has shortened bond lengths due to the high thermal vibrations in this region. Adjacent molecules are related by $2_1$ screw axis so that they are arranged in an antiparallel array, corresponding to the Monolayer Type II packing mode. There are close packings of cholesteryl groups within the monolayers. This packing type is similar to those of cholesteryl hexanoate, octanoate, hexyl carbonate and oleate.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

In this paper, we implement a lossless compression technique for time-series data generated by IoT (Internet of Things) devices to reduce the disk spaces. The proposed compression technique reduces the size of the encoded data by selectively applying CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) or Delta encoding depending on the situation in the Forecasting algorithm that performs prediction on time series data. In addition, the proposed technique sequentially performs zigzag encoding, splitting, and bit packing to increase the compression ratio. We showed that the proposed compression method has a compression ratio of up to 1.60 for the original data.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.3 s.217
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• pp.153-161
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the farming product function of rural women and to determine the effect of human capital. The data was based on 300 husbands and wives from 150 farms with crops of high female input time rate such as house-cucumbers, house-strawberries, roses, agaric mushrooms and apples in 2003. According to the results, the rural women were mainly engaged in harvesting, selecting, sorting and packing among about 23 working steps in the Korean farm. These works require a long time for the highly-skilled and have a very important and sensitive effect on quality, quantity, price of products and the farm's income. The cultivated experience and the major cultivation step effect had a positive relationship to farm's income for women. The machine effect was estimated significantly at 0.3976, which indicated that the high-skilled farmers have a positive correlation to farm's income. The rural women's labor value has been evaluated relatively lowly compared with men performing the same work. As an example, women are paid an average of 62.3% of the men's wage in harvesting and packing in Korea.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.468-474
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• 2005

SOx and NOx are known major precursors of acid rain and thus the abatement of their emissions is a major target in air pollution control. To obtain basic data on the removal process of simultaneous $SO_2/NO$, the optimal reaction condition and the composition of reaction solution for simultaneous removal of $SO_2/NO$, ware investigated using a bubble column reactor. Pilot scrubber was consisted of scrubber, filter and control box. Dust removal rate was 83, 92, and 97% with catalyst flux of 0.5, 0.8, 1.5 L/min, respectively Average dust removal efficiency with a kind of nozzle was about 94 and 90% in STS FF6.5 (5/8in.) and 14 of P.P W(1.0in.), respectively Dust and $SO_2$ were removed more than 98-96% regardless of reactor number. In the case of NO gas, removal yield of 83.3% was achieved after 48 hours in 1 stage, also removal yield of 95.7% was reached in 2 stages. In tile case of application of STS (5/8 in.) and P.P (1.0 in.) as used fill packing, removal efficiency was reached higher than 98% without related to of kind of fill packing.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.326-332
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• 2013

In this study, we prepared yttria stabilized zirconia granules for thermal barrier coatings using a spray drying process. First, we characterized the properties of granules such as flow rate and packing density for utilizing the air plasma spray process. The flow rate and packing density data showed 0.732 g/sec and 2.14 $g/cm^3$, respectively, when we used larger and denser particles, which are better than hollow granules or smaller spherical granules. Second, we chose larger, spherical granules fabricated in alcohol solvent as starting powders and sprayed it on the bondcoat/nimonic alloy by an atmospheric plasma spray process varying the process parameters, the feeding rate, gun speed and spray distance. Finally, we evaluated representative thermal and mechanical characteristics. The thermal expansion coefficients of the coatings were $11{\sim}12.7{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ and the indentation stress measured was 2.5 GPa at 0.15 of indentation strain.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a packing-free wet scrubber to prolong the maintenance interval compared with the conventional packed bed wet scrubbers with which frequent operation stops are unavoidable to clean the packing materials. The main- and interaction-effects were quantitatively analyzed by regression analysis for the measured ammonia scrubbing data from the experiments prepared by experimental design. The scrubbing efficiency of the newly developed wet scrubber was found to be over 95% under the condition of flue gas flow rate of 90CMM and liquid-to-gas ratio $2l/m^3$ for all considered trials of experimental design. The interaction effect between the inlet duct spray and the filter was found to be important, which controls the droplet growth due to the droplet collisions between the duct- and scrubbing tower-spray. The presented methodology to analyze the impacts of operational and design factors on the scrubber efficiency showed potential for applications to optimize the future flue gas abatement process in semiconductor plants.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 1989

The structure of cholesteryl isobutyrate, $(CH_3)_2CHCOOC_{27}H_{45}$, was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Cholesteryl isobutyrate crystallized monoclinic space group $P2_1$, with a = 15.115 (8)${\AA}$, b = 9.636 (5)${\AA}$, c = 20.224 (9)${\AA}$, ${\beta}$ = 93.15 (5)$^{\circ}$, z = 4, $D_c = 1.03 g/cm^3 $and Dm= 1.04 g/$cm^3$. The intensity data were measured for the 3417 reflections, within $sin{\theta}/{\lambda} = 0.59{\AA}^{-1}$, using an automatic four-circle diffractometer and graphite monochromated Mo-$K_{\alpha}$ radiation. The structure was solved by fragment search Patterson methods and direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods. The final R factor was 0.129 for 2984 observed reflections. The two symmetry-independent molecules (A) and (B) are almost fully extended. The molecules are in antiparallel array forming monolayers with thickness $d_{100}$ = 15.2${\AA}$, and molecular long axes are nearly parallel to the [$\bar{1}$01] directions. The two distinct molecules form separate stacks with almost the same orientations, but with differing degrees of steroid overlap. Thers is a close packing of cholesteryl groups within the monolayers. The packing type is similar to those of cholesteryl hexanoate and cholesteryl oleate.