• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2022

The ultimate motive of the paper is to establish whether financial inclusion (FI) has a consequential impact on the Sustainable Development (SD) of India. This study uses one model for the assessment of the influence of FI through the Co-Operative bank network on SD. This is purposely done to analyze the absolute impact of the role of the Co-Operative bank network in the said context. The sample encompasses data taken from 28 states and 3 Union Territories for two years (FY2018-FY2020). Assessment of data for the remaining Union Territories is not undertaken for the reason of the non-availability of data for other Union Territories. This study uses Panel Data Analysis (PDA) to establish the nexus of the relation between the said variables. Results of this study reveal elevated levels of SD resultant of increased FI thereby indicating a positive and significant relationship between the said variables. Unlike previous studies, this study gives India-specific significant findings, which suggests policy formulation for increasing the numbers and improving the governance of Co-Operative bank networks for SD. Co-Operative bank network as a proxy despite having high weighted significance in FI has not been incorporated in any recent study as per the last updated knowledge of authors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the quality of non-financial information disclosure by companies listed on the Vietnamese stock exchange. In 2019, 140 annual reports from 140 companies listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange were included in the research sample. The remaining 134 reports were eligible study after removing those that lacked essential data. Using the statistical software SPSS version 25 and Excel office software, the study has selected the data processing method and the disproportionate disclosure index method to evaluate the quality of non-financial information disclosure of companies. The findings of the study demonstrate that companies listed on the Vietnam stock exchange are particularly interested in giving non-financial information to financial statement consumers as required by law, although the level of disclosure is still inadequate. The findings also illustrate the varying levels of non-financial information disclosure by category of information, as well as substantial disparities between them (general information about the company, environmental and social information, corporate governance information, etc.). The findings of the study show that the majority of Vietnam's publicly traded enterprises are less interested in reporting environmental information.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.431-443
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• 2012

Wind holes or air holes, from which cool air blows out during the summer, but mild air comes out during the winter, have provided the phytogeographically important refugia for cryophilous or cold-loving boreal flora during the Holocene period. At present, wind holes are serving as a faraway disjunctive habitat for Pleistocene relict glacial floristic elements, and present an invaluable information to reconstruct the natural history. Present work aims to collate the nationwide distribution and relevant DB on the potential wind holes of Korea based upon media and literature sources, along with geographical informations, such as place name, topographic map, environmental geographical information, flora, monitoring data of Korea National Arboretum, and field survey data. Geographical information on sixty nine wind hole sites have compiled and analyzed on the basis of flora and presence of fossilized periglacial landforms, such as talus, block field, and block stream, and sixteen sites have thereafter carefully selected and scrutinized through field surveys. To maintain a sustainability of wind hole ecosystem, including their original landform, micro-meteorological phenomena and plant community therein as a refugia or habitat for relict plant species of Pleistocene glacial period, appropriate restrictions and preservation measures are required.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.144-144
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• 2021

The rapid urbanization in many Asian countries has taken millions of people from the rural countryside to concentrated megacities, which eventually putting pressure on the existing water resources. The over-growing population and increasing living standard of people in the urban region of developed as well as developing countries such as Korea, China, Japan and India have witnessed a drastic change in terms of domestic water demand for the past few decades. In this study, we used the concept of potential surface water availability in the form of surface runoff for future vulnerability assessment. We focused on 42 megacities having population more than 5 million as per the United Nations (UN) census data 2020. The study shows that 30 out of 42 cities having more than 180L/p/d demand for domestic use based on various references. We have predicted the domestic water demand for all the cities on the basis of current per capita demand up to 2035 using UN projected population data. We found that the projected water demand in megacities such as Seoul, Busan, Shanghai, Ghuanzou are increasing because of high population as well as GDP growth rate. On the contrary, megacities of Japan considered in our stud shows less water demand in future due to decreasing trend of population. As per the past records provided by the local municipalities/authorities, we projected different scenarios based on the future supply for various megacities such as Chennai, Delhi, Karachi, Mumbai, Shanghai, Wuhan, etc. We found that the supply to demand ratio of these cities would be below 75% for future period and if such trend continues then the inhabitants will face serious water stress conditions. Outcomes of this study would help the local policy makers to adopt sustainable initiatives on urban water governance to avoid the severe water stress conditions in the vulnerable megacities.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to make a comparative assessment of People Credit Funds (PCFs) ranking in Vietnam between the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 with the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is mainly based on the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 and the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank on PCFs ranking. Results - The study paper has shown positive changes in PCFs ranking in Vietnam in accordance with the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN, such as increasing Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), maintaining CAR, improving assets quality, developing indicators of governance, management and control capability. These changes have implications for the development and efficient performance of PCFs in Vietnam. Conclusions - The classification and evaluation of PCFs will contribute to its healthy development. These finding support PCFs to understand more about rating methodology, significance of rating system and the importance of improving their rating. PCFs in Vietnam desire to develop their business effectively, they need to understand exactly and comply fully with regulations related to their field of operations.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.593-606
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• 2015

녹색도시지수(GCI), 환경성과지수(EPI), 도시생물다양성지수(CBI)는 환경적 측면에서 도시의 객관적 평가를 위해 국제적으로 활발히 활용되고 있다. 하지만 인구밀도나 도시규모 등 도시의 특성이 다른 국내 상황에 이들을 직접 적용하는 것은 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 도시의 환경개선과 생물다양성 향상을 위하여 지자체 스스로 환경문제를 진단하고 문제점을 도출하여 환경정책으로 활용 가능한 한국형 도시평가지표 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 기존에 사용되는 국제지표들의 장단점을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 한국적 상황에 부합하는 지표를 도출하였다. 지표는 생물다양성, 생활환경, 생태계서비스, 행정 및 관리 4개 영역 20개 항목으로 구성된 한국형 '지속가능한 도시의 평가지표(ESCI)'를 개발하였으며, 도시생태현황지도가 작성된 서울, 인천, 수원, 원주, 계룡 등 5개 도시에 적용하였다. 그 결과, 제시된 한국형 지속가능한 도시의 평가지표는 대도시의 경우 거의 모든 항목을 적용할 수 있었으나 중소도시는 일부만 적용할 수 있었다. 지표 적용을 모든 도시로 확대하기 위해서는 지자체별로 통일된 도시생태 현황지도의 작성과 필요한 자료구축이 선행되어야하며, 도시규모 및 자료구축 수준에 따라 지표 항목을 점진적으로 적용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to introduce the concept of community resilience to rural society and build an index suitable for the reality of rural areas. Furthermore, by calculating the importance of evaluation factors, it was attempted to present priorities and alternatives for each evaluation factor. By stratifying the derived indicators, a survey was conducted targeting 20 researchers, practitioners, and public officials, three groups of experts working in rural areas who were well aware of the realities and problems of rural areas. In the survey, a pairwise comparison was performed to compare factors 1:1 to calculate the importance, and for rational and consistent decision-making, decisions were made in the 9-grade section. Using the collected data, consistency analysis that can evaluate reliability in the decision-making process and the relative weight of evaluation factors were calculated through AHP analysis. As a result of the analysis, as a result of examining the priority of final importance by summarizing the importance of all evaluation factors, 'Income creation using resources' > 'Population Characteristics' > 'Tolerance' > 'External Support' > 'Social Accessibility' > 'Physical Accessibility' > 'Community Competence' > 'Infrastructure' > 'Leader Competence' > 'Natural Environment' was derived in the order. In the study dealing with urban community resilience indicators, social aspects such as citizen participation, public-private cooperation, and governance were presented as the most important requirements, but this study differs in that the 'income creation' factor is derived as the most important factor. This can be seen through the change in the income difference between rural and urban areas. The income structure of rural areas has changed rapidly, and it is now reaching a very poor level, so it is necessary to prepare alternatives to 'income creation' in the case of rural areas. Unlike urban indicators, 'population characteristics' and 'tolerance' were also derived as important indicators of rural society. However, there are currently no alternatives to supplement the vulnerability by strengthening the resilience of rural communities. Based on the priority indicators derived from the study, we tried to suggest alternatives necessary for rural continuity in the future so that they can be supplemented step by step.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.442-456
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• 2016

생물다양성협약 사무국(SCBD)은 도시생물다양성지수(CBI)를 지방자치단체에서 도시생물다양성을 평가할 수 있는 도구로 권장하고 있으며, 생물다양성 보전을 위해 해외 여러 도시에 시범적용하고 있다. 본 연구는 생태적 측면에서 도시의 객관적 평가를 위해 도시생물다양성지수를 중심으로 국내 도시 특성을 고려, 도시단위로 구축된 자료를 활용하여 현재의 자료구축 상황에 적합한 지표를 도출하고 시범 적용하였다. 도시의 생태적 건전성 평가지표(CESI)를 생물다양성, 생태계서비스, 행정 및 관리의 3개 영역 12개 지표로 구성하고, 그 계산방식을 제시하였다. 그리고 추후 모든 도시에 적용될 시 용이한 도시간 비교평가가 이루어 질 수 있도록 지목을 활용해 85개 도시의 유형을 분류하고, 도시생태현황지도의 활용이 용이한 18개 도시에 시범적으로 적용해 보았다. 도시의 생태적 건전성 평가지표는 생물다양성과 관련된 데이터를 체계적으로 수집 관리하고, 생물다양성을 증진하는 데 기여할 것이다.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.185-205
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• 2010

기후변화 적응정책을 수립하기 위해서는 지역에 기초한 취약성 평가가 선행되어야 한다. 지금까지 기후변화 취약성에 관한 연구는 주로 국가별 취약성의 비교 및 분석에 집중되었기 때문에 지역별 기후변화 취약성을 평가하고 비교하기 위한 방법론은 아직 국내외적으로 확립되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 본 논문의 목적은 기후변화 취약성의 개념적 틀을 확립하고 이를 지역적으로 평가하기 위한 일반적인 방법론을 개발하는 데에 있다. 기후변화 취약성을 IPCC (1996) 개념틀에 따라 기후노출과 시스템의 민감도, 그리고 시스템이 대응할 수 있는 적응능력의 함수로 보았다. 여러 기후노출 중 본 논문에서는 기후변화에 의해 일차적으로 피해를 입을 수 있는 해수면 상승을 상정하였다. 방법론 적용 대상도시로는 국내 해안에 위치한 목포시를 선정하였다. 이는 목포시가 포함된 우리나라 서남해 지역의 평균 해수면이 전반적으로 증가추세를 보이고 있고, 특히 목포시가 가장 큰 증가폭을 보였으며, 하구언과 방조제 건설 이후 이상고조 발생 가능성이 현격하게 높아진 해역이기 때문이다. 해수면 상승에 따른 민감도는 GIS 기술을 활용하여 해수면이 1~5m 상승할 경우의 침수 시뮬레이션 결과를 기반으로 계산하였다. 행정구역(동)별 침수면적 비율에 기초하여 여기에 인구밀도 및 65세 이상 인구비율에 대한 통계자료를 고려하였고, 표준화 과정(dimension index)을 거쳐 민감도 지수를 도출하였다. 적응능력으로는 하드웨어적인 측면과 소프트웨어적인 측면을 고려하였는데, 하드웨어적 적응능력으로는 방파제와 방조제의 존재여부 및 높이를 고려하였고, 소프트웨어적 적응능력은 목포시 75명 공무원을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하여 평가하였다. 설문조사 문항에는 기후변화에 대한 인식, 거버넌스, 경제적 능력 및 정책 기반이 포함되었는데, 0~1 사이의 정량적인 값을 설문문항 응답수준에 따라 부여하였다. 해수면 상승에 따른 취약성은 민감도에서 적응능력을 뺀 나머지로 표현하였다. 목포시의 해수면 상승에 따른 취약성은 총 20개 동 중 7개 동이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 이용하여 기후변화 적응대책 수립의 방향성을 제시하기 위해서는 첫째, 과거 침수피해와의 상관관계 다이어그램을 통하여 적응정책 시행의 우선순위 지역을 선정하고, 둘째, 우선순위 지역에 대한 단기, 중기, 장기 개발계획 및 프로젝트를 검토한 후 이에 합당한 적응조치를 제언할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.15-34
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• 2019

Today, there is increasing recognition of the importance of urban regeneration for better public places. Urban parks as a public area play an important role in harnessing its positive impact on people's well-being: where the standards and funding of/for the parks are getting worse. There is however less a focus on policy approach to park regeneration in the country. Neverthless, a few UK's cases of such innovative park management(PM) has shown successful park regeneration based on policy support. Therefore, the aim of this research is to draw policy implications by exploring a case of successful park regeneration. To address the aim, this research conducts an in-depth case study of 'Manor Fields Park, UK', digging into its PM structure and PM body 'Green Estate Ltd' in relation to relevant policy. The data is mainly collected by interviews including a group interview. The analytical framework 'Place-keeping(PK)' and its six dimensions are employed to determine the characteristics of MFP's PM structure. Resultingly, there is a significant shift in the approach to PM which stresses the principle of long-term and self-sustaining structure led by a non-profit organisation and strong impacts of policy. In this context, PK highlights significant drivers for parks regeneration particularly in terms of policy implications: 1)providing policy support to encourage non-profit organisations in PM, 2)extending community involvement in decision-making processes, 3)promoting income generation by community groups, 4)shifting public awareness of shared responsibility for PM, 5)completing regular park maintenance assessment by community groups, and 6)delivering low-maintenance approaches to PM. To support these implications, PM structure for successful parks regeneration does meet a holistic and multi-dimensional approach of place-keeping underlined by understanding policy contexts and rethinking current status quo of PM. Addressing these implications will shed light on urban PM in an era of austerity and ultimately contribute to improving people's well-being.