• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.5621-5624
• /
• 2013

Mucosal head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas that develop in the upper-aero digestive epithelium. Together they constitute the sixth most common cancer with an estimated 900,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths each year reported worldwide. The risk factors are tobacco, alcohol and human papillomavirus (HPV). Our research team initially reported a high incidence rate of HNC in the indigenous population of the Northern Territory. Mortality rates also vary in the Australian States and Territories, with particularly high mortality observed in the Northern Territory. There is a paucity of incidence studies of HNC for the Australian States and Territories. Therefore this review primarily focuses on variation in incidence and mortality iacross the country and highlights specifically the high incidence and mortality in the Northern Territory. Attention is also given to sex-specific incidence and mortality rates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2012

The rhizobacterial composition varies according to the soil properties. To test if the effect of herbicides on the rhizobacterial communities of genetically modified NK603 glyphosate-tolerant maize varies according to different soil locations, a comparison was made between the effects of glyphosate (Roundup Plus), a post-emergence applied herbicide, and a pre-emergence applied herbicide (GTZ) versus untreated soil. The potential effect was monitored by direct amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the soil DNA encoding 16S rRNA, and high-throughput DNA pyrosequencing of the bacterial DNA coding for the 16S rRNA hypervariable V6 region. The results obtained using three different methods to analyze the herbicide effect on the rhizobacterial communities of genetically modified NK603 maize were comparable to those previously obtained when glyphosate-tolerant maize was grown in soil with different characteristics. Both herbicides decreased the bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere, with Actinobacteria being the taxonomic group most affected. The results suggest that both herbicides affected the structure of the maize rhizobacterial community, but glyphosate was environmentally less aggressive.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.65
• /
• pp.423-433
• /
• 2003

Many study have been performed to describe the elastic and inelastic behavior of H-shaped beams with web openings that generally concentrated on the monotonic loading condition and concentric web opening. The findings of the studies led Darwin to propose formulas for the design of beams with web openings considering local buckling. While the formulas are simple and useful in real situation, more studies arc needed on their cyclic loading condition. In this experimental study, 12 H-shaped beams with web openings under cyclic loading condition were investigated. The dimension criteria based on the formulas proposed by Darwin were examined. The suitability of existing design formulas and the effects of plastic hinges on beams with web openings and of local buckling around web openings on the beam strength under cyclic loading were also studied. This was done by observing their behavior with various dimensional openings, eccentric per cent, and stiffeners.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2011

Current researches on emotion detection classify emotions by using the information from facial, vocal, and bodily expressions, or physiological responses. This study was to review three representative emotion recognition methods, which were based on psychological theory of emotion. Firstly, literature review on the emotion recognition methods based on facial expressions was done. These studies were supported by Darwin's theory. Secondly, review on the emotion recognition methods based on changes in physiology was conducted. These researches were relied on James' theory. Lastly, a review on the emotion recognition was conducted on the basis of multimodality(i.e., combination of signals from face, dialogue, posture, or peripheral nervous system). These studies were supported by both Darwin's and James' theories. In each part, research findings was examined as well as theoretical backgrounds which each method was relied on. This review proposed a need for an integrated model of emotion recognition methods to evolve the way of emotion recognition. The integrated model suggests that emotion recognition methods are needed to include other physiological signals such as brain responses or face temperature. Also, the integrated model proposed that emotion recognition methods are needed to be based on multidimensional model and take consideration of cognitive appraisal factors during emotional experience.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.822-824
• /
• 2013

비디오 영상은 파일이 크기 때문에 다운로드가 완료된 다음에 재생을 시작하는 것이 아니라 수신이 되는 대로 재생이 되어야한다. 이와 같은 스트리밍 서비스는 주문형 비디오 서비스를 비롯한 다양한 상용시스템에 필수요소이다. 스트리밍 기능을 제공하는 여러 가지 서버 중, 본 논문에서는 다윈 스트링 서버를 설치하고 주문형비디오 서비스 시스템을 구축하는 방법을 소개한다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.383-400
• /
• 2009

Low rise building roofs can be subjected to large fluctuating pressures during a tropical cyclone resulting in fatigue failure of cladding. Following the damage to housing in Tropical Cyclone Tracy in Darwin, Australia, the Darwin Area Building Manual (DABM) cyclic loading test criteria, that loaded the cladding for 10000 cycles oscillating from zero to a permissible stress design pressure, and the Experimental Building Station TR440 test of 10200 load cycles which increased in steps to the permissible stress design pressure, were developed for assessing building elements susceptible to low cycle fatigue failure. Recently the 'Low-High-Low' (L-H-L) cyclic test for metal roofing was introduced into the Building Code of Australia (2007). Following advances in wind tunnel data acquisition and full-scale wind loading simulators, this paper presents a comparison of wind-induced cladding damage, from a "design" cyclone proposed by Jancauskas, et al. (1994), with current test criteria developed by Mahendran (1995). Wind tunnel data were used to generate the external and net pressure time histories on the roof of a low-rise building during the passage of the "design" cyclone. The peak pressures generated at the windward roof corner for a tributary area representative of a cladding fastener are underestimated by the Australian/New Zealand Wind Actions Standard. The "design" cyclone, with increasing and decreasing wind speeds combined with changes in wind direction, generated increasing then decreasing pressures in a manner similar to that specified in the L-H-L test. However, the L-H-L test underestimated the magnitude and number of large load cycles, but overestimated the number of cycles in the mid ranges. Cladding elements subjected to the L-H-L test showed greater fatigue damage than when experiencing a five hour "design" cyclone containing higher peak pressures. It is evident that the increased fatigue damage was due to the L-H-L test having a large number of load cycles cycling from zero load (R=0) in contrast to that produced during the cyclone.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.223-249
• /
• 2014

The influences of sciences on literature have been much researched as relatively familiar themes, and especially the impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory has been interesting research themes on 19th-century history and "Two Cultures". This article outlines the impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on literatures of the 19th-century British and enlightening-and-colonial-era Korea focusing on some significant features of literary changes, with help of existing researches. It will also give a brief overview of evolutionary psychology as a new perspective of literary criticism. In particular, it will try to show that many transformations of poems and novels appeared diversely depending on different circumstances and various religious or social beliefs societies and individuals were facing and having, and that new understanding of metaphor, narrative, and mind through rediscovery of nature, human and evolution underlay the big changes of literatures.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.145-159
• /
• 2005

Students' alternative concepts of evolution are similar to misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in science history. The aims of this study are to analyze the elementary children's concept in evolution based on science history. Lee (2004)'s two tests were applied to 6th grade to investigate the children's evolution concepts and genetic concepts related to the historical development of the evolution concepts. The test results were analyzed in accordance with 4 stages of science history based on Lee (2004)'s method. These stages are divided to stage 1 (Before Lamarck), stage 2 (Lamarck), stage 3 (Darwin), stage 4 (After Darwin). The major results are as follows. Most of elementary school children are fixed to the stage 2. They usually do not show the consistency of evolution concepts in the three dimensional aspects such as mechanism, time, and subjects. Many children do not have concrete meaning of gene, inheritance, sexual reproduction, mutation and could not connect these concetps and process of evolution. Also, they believe the inheritance of acquired traits and spontaneous generation. Therefore it is confirmed that they still have similar misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in transition time between stage 2 and 3 and most of children already have strong Lamarckian thought acquired from daily life experience before learning about natural selection and evolution.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.249-278
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to design metadata for management and sharing of Yeogu data produced in the ecological field. Specifically, metadata is designed based on DCAT, which is designed to facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published on the web. In addition, ABCD, Darwin Core, and EML were analyzed and applied to metadata design to reflect the characteristics of the ecological field. As a result of the research, a total of 51 metadata elements were derived for managing research data in the ecological field, and 6 essential elements, 23 recommended elements, and 22 optional elements were included. The results of this study can be used to design a DB when building a research data management and sharing system based on metadata elements, and to suggest a metadata exchange format when linking with other systems.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 2014

In the smart grid, it will be possible to communicate with the consumers for the purposes of monitoring and controlling their power consumption without disturbing their business or comfort. This will bring easier administration capabilities for the utilities. On the other hand, consumers will require more advanced home automation tools which can be implemented by using advanced sensor technologies. For instance, consumers may need to adapt their consumption according to the dynamically varying electricity prices which necessitates home automation tools. This paper tries to combine neural network and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous variable (NARX) class for next week electric load forecasting. The suitability of the proposed approach is illustrated through an application to electric load consumption data. The suggested system provides a useful and suitable tool especially for the load forecasting.