• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of light condition and polarity of explant on adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon of apple in vitro The treatment of light culture after 10days dark treatment showed effective result than other treatments on the rate of adventitious shoot formation on light intensity treatments and also the treatment of blue light treatment after 4days dark treatment showed more effective result than other treatments in light quality treatments. The polarity of explant influence on adventitious shoot formation. Adventitious multiple shoot formation occured at the proximal end of an excised cotyledon. In other words. shoot organogenesis occured at the proximal cut surfaces of both proximal and distal explants rather than at the distal cut surface of proximal explants.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1994

Light appears to be needed in the early and late function of the cyanophage of Synechococcus sp. and dark treatment during the first 2 hr of the replication cycle increased the virus yield to 200%. The burst size of the cyanophage multiplied in Synechococcus sp. in dark was 11% of that of control. The viral multiplication was reduced 2% in the presence of photosynthetic inhibitor, DCMU of $10^{-6}$ M, and nearly blocked in $10^{-4}$ M CCCP. These data suggested that the photosynthetic dependence of the cyanophage is greater than those of LPP-1 and AS-1, and smaller than SM-1.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.159-170
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• 1999

Preference of chestnut brown chafer (CBC), Adoretus tenuimaculatus was examined from chestnut leaves which were treated with different light condition, temperature and nitrogen fertilization. More CBC was attracted to leaves which grown at $30^{\circ}C$ than grown at $20^{\circ}C$,$ 25^{\circ}C$ and in the field. When attracted number of CBC was compared among full sunlight-grown, cloth shaded-grown and dark-grown plants, 4.0 in full sunlight grown and 5.0 in dark-grown plants. Amount of nitrogen fertilizer did not influence CBC feeding. The attractiveness of undamaged leaves with non-feeding beetles, leaves with feeding damaged, and leaves with artificial damaged was compared in replicated laboratory trials by placing the treatments in the petri-dish and counted the number of beetles that landed on the plants after 6 hr treatment. The highest number of beetles was attracted to chestnut leaf with feeding damaged ($7.7\pm$0.6) than undamaged leaf with non-feeding beetles ($5.3\pm$0.6) and artificial damaged ($4.3\pm$0.6). Managnese content in the leaves of chestnut grown in shade cloth-grown condition was higher than that in the leaves of chestnut that had been exposed to full sunlight condition and dark condition, and feeding damaged leaf.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 1977

The inhibiotory effect of ethphon on the flowering in Lemna perpusilla 6746 was shown to be related to sucrose concentrations and dilution factors of Hutner's medium. When grown in 1/10-strength Hutner's medium under 10(14) cycles, the plants have been completely inhibited in the floral induction by ethephon (>5ppm) in the presence of sucrose (>20 mM) in the meduim. However, in a less diluted Hutner's medium (1/2-strength), the inhibition of flowering by ethephon was observed to be partially diminished by sucrose at a high concentration (30mM), while a low concentration of sucrose enhanced the inhibitory effect of ethephon in flowering. As inductive dark periodswere extended, the effects of both compounds were partially nullified. Since no significant amount of ethylene possibly released in ethephon decomposition in the medium was detected, the inhibitory effect of ethephon in flowering was postulated to be exerted only through ethylene production within the plants. Plants were incubated in 10 ppm ethephon-containing medium during either dark or light periods, singly or periodically. The most effective single treatment with ethephon was observed during the 4th dark period, when formation of floral stimulus was assumed to be completed beyond a critical level. This postulation can be partially supported by a fact that the plants should be exposed to at least more than four consecutive 10(14) cycles for flowering.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1987

Copper inhibited PSII-mediated O2 evolution (H2OlongrightarrowDCIP, H2OlongrightarrowSiMo) but not PSImediated O2 uptake(DCIP. Asc.longrightarrowMV) in isolated Chinese cabbage chloroplasts. Copper toxicity on PSII-mediated O2 evolution was higher at alkaline condition than at acidic condition and was inhanced by light illumination after copper treatment. The increased toxicity by light illumination was not recovered by subsequent dark treatment. The inhibitory effect of copper on H2OlongrightarrowDCIP reaction was higher than that on H2OlongrightarrowSiMo reaction. This result suggests that there may be another inhibitory site of copper on PSII other than water oxidizing side of PSII.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.972-982
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to improve the method of color developing with alkali solution as a promotor of color developing for feasible use. Cotton fabric was dyed with persimmon extract ranged with 0~3% alkali component with 5 types of strong to mild alkali solution. Heat treatment for color developing was applied to fabric dyed with persimmon extract and alkali mixing solution. Tests were carried out to analyze the change of surface color, ${\Delta},Ea^*b^*$, and water repellent of the dyed cotton fabric. The alkali mixing sample showed higher ${\Delta},Ea^*b^*$ value than control one without alkali mixing on the base of dyed fabric due to high color developing by alkali in the initial step of dyeing process. As alkali concentration increased, deeper dark color appeared on the fabric. The fabric color was changed to more dark in the application of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate in the initial step of dyeing process but color was not changed by increased heating time. However, the fabric showed a slight dark color with sodium acetate and more color change than that of the fabric dyed with persimmon extract without alkali. Therefore, sodium acetate seemed to a suitable promotor for color developing in persimmon extract dyeing. Property of water repellent was showed after color developing by heating with low concentration of alkali treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Pigment concentrates with violet-red color and sweet taste were obtained from purple-fleshed sweet potato(PFSP) using ethyl alcohol and water. Extract from general potato(GP) were used as a control. The relative stability of PFSP pigment concentrate(PFSPPC) in a storage test over 15 days was confirmed in the order of dark > fluorescence > sun-light irradiation. The relative stability of GP pigment concentrate(GPPC) in a storage test over 15 days was confirmed in the order of sun-light > fluorescence > dark storage. The RRP of PFSPPC was higher than that of GPPC, but the color strength of GPPC was 1/2 that of PFSPPC. Treatment of PFSPPC with aluminum potassium sulfate(0.2~0.3%, w/w) best improved its stability. The improved RRPs of PFSPPC were 45.16~47.31% in sun light irradiation, 55.91~60.22% in fluorescence irradiation, and 76.34~75.97% in dark storage conditions. In substituting aluminum potassium sulfate for chitosan, an amount of 0.2~0.3%(w/w) was suitable, giving similar results in improving pigment stability for all concentrates tested. Also, freeze-dried PFSPPC powder was manufactured as a substitute for dextrin, and also as a substitute for chitosan to the extent of 0.25%(w/w). The results of storage stabilite for freeze-dried PFSPPC and GPPC powder over 15 days, irradiation were, PRRs of 74.47~89.36% and 61.54~76.92%, respectively. The stability improving effect of freeze dried PFSPPC powder was confirmed by the results of storage experiments at various conditions. The use of freeze-dried PFSPPC powder was therefore confirmed to be an effective treatment for general foods.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.398-404
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• 1996

Light-chilling effects were investigated in chilling-sensitive cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Ilmichungjang) and chilling-resistant pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Giant) leaf discs in relation to possible damage in D1 protein. In both plants, dark-chilling did not cause any noticeable changes in (Fv)m/Fm and lincomycin did not affect the decrease in (Fv)m/Fm caused by light-chilling. This result suggests that the de novo synthesis of D1 protein did not occur actively during light-chilling. In pea light-chilled for 6 h. the decreased (Fv)m/Fm was partly recovered in the dark, and almost complete recovery was observed in the light. In cucumber light-chilled for 3 h. the reduced (Fv)m/Fm decreased further for the initial 2 h recovery process in the light regardless of the treatment of lincomycin and recovered very slowly. In both plant species, the treatment of lincomycin inhibited the recovery process in the light, but did not significantly inhibit the process in the dark. In cucumber leaves pulse-labeled with $[^{35}S]Met$, the labeled band intensities of isolated pigment-protein complexes were almost the same during the 6 h light-chilling, but significant decreases in band intensities were observed during the 3 h recovery period. This result suggests that the irreversibly damaged D1 protein was degraded during the recovery period. However, no noticeable changes were observed in the pea leaves during the 12 h chilling and 3 h recovery period. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the pigment-protein complexes showed that the principal lesion sites of light-chilling were different from those of room temperature photoinhibition.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 2004

In order to recycle animal by-products from food processing as food seasonings, pig bone (PB), chicken bone (CB) and tuna dark flesh (TDF) were studied. PB and CB extract prepared by hot water extraction for 18 h were hydrolyzed with protease and lipase. The DHs of PB and CB extract were increased to 70% and 80%, respectively, when Flavourzyme was treated after pancreatic enzyme treatment. When TDF was hydrolyzed with Alcalase and Flavourzyme, dry matter yield and total protein yield were around 22% and 9%, respectively. Also the free ammo acid content in hydrolysate reached up to 27% of total solid. The sensory properties of three hydrolysates containing 1% NaCl were, in order of their overall acceptance, TDF, PB and CB. Therefore, tuna dark flesh turned out to be the suitable animal by-product as raw material for seasoning ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 1987

Effect of various physical and chemical treatments on dark germination of Oenothera lamarckiana seeds were primarily investigated to find out factors affecting germination. Germination of seeds which did not germinate in the constant temperature and darkness was induced by several physical treatments such as sonification, wetting and drying, freezing and thawing, and removal of seed coat. Pretreatment of chilling ($4^{\circ}C$), freezing ($-10^{\circ}C$) and incubation at high temperature ($80^{\circ}C$) induced dark germination of seeds which did not germinate in the constant temperature ranges of 15 to $40^{\circ}C$ under darkness. Alternating temperature also had a stimulatory effect on dark germination of Oenothera lamarckiana seeds. Sensing of seeds to alternating temperature appeared to be completed during the first two days after imbibition. The minimum difference of temperature required for dark germination was $5^{\circ}C$ in the range of $15-25^{\circ}C$. A thiourea (1.0%) treatment induced dark germination, but GA, IAA, BA and Ethrel failed to do so.