• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 1999

Anatomical and histological changes were studied in the dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes of the pancreas of the chicken embryos (8 days of incubation, 10 days of incubation to hatching). From 13 days of incubation, all four pancreatic lobes, namely, dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes were observed. Histologically, the pancreas of 10-14 days of incubation were consisted of mesenchymal tissue, exocrine acini and pancreatic islets. But mesenchymal tissues were disappeared from 15 days of incubation. The pancreatic ducts were observed from 14 days of incubation. The dark and light typed pancreatic islets were observed in splenic lobe from 13 days of incubation, in the third lobe from 11 days of incubation, and in the dorsal lobe from 13 days of incubation. But no dark typed islets were observed in the ventral lobes.

• Mycobiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

Characteristic growth patterns of Cordyceps militaris isolates on various media, under varying light conditions and at varying incubation periods were examined. Light was found to be the most critical single factor in determining the density, texture, and pigmentation of the mycelial culture of the fungus. However, under the light condition, the degree of pigmentation and mycelial density were found to be affected by the incubation period and type of medium. Irrespective of the variations in medium type or incubation period, there was no pigmentation of the mycelium under dark condition. Radial growth of the mycelium was faster under dark incubation rather than under light incubation. Abundant mycelial density and darkest pigmentation of C. militaris isolates were produced in nutritionally rich media like SDAY, SMAY and CZYA, suggesting that these media may fulfill all the requirements for vegetative growth of the fungus. Growth characteristics of C. militaris isolates could be easily observed by the simple agar culture method, which would be useful to characterize the phenotypic characteristics of large number of pure cultures of the fungus under given conditions of growth factors such as medium, light and temperature.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.59-62
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• 1969

암최청을 요약하면 대략 다음과 같다. 1. 춘잠기에는 암최청이 소잠율을 높인다. 따라서 일제소잠이 가능하며, 그 비율은 80-90％를 상회하지만 소잠이 일일간 연기된다. 2. 추잠기의 암최청은 효과는 다소 있으나 암환경에서 이미 의잠이 부화하므로 추잠기 이야포의 결과를 가져오니 하추잠기에는 암최청을 하지 않는 것이 생리적이라고 고찰한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1702-1707
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• 2002

The effects of dark-control (D) and continuous green light (GL) exposure of incubated meat-type breeder eggs (Hybro) on embryonic growth from 5 to 15 days of age, hatching time, hatchability per cent and chick hatching weight were investigated in three consecutive experiments at 33, 38, and 41 weeks of age. A total of 798 eggs were used in this study. Eggs were set in an incubator on trays either in the D or under two tubes of 20-watt green fluorescent light during the first 18 days of incubation. Eggs from both treatments were transferred to the dark hatching compartment at 19 days of incubation. The light intensity was in the range of 1,340 to 1,730 lux at the surface of the eggs. GL incubation of eggs significantly (p<0.01) increased weight (expressed as an absolute value) and daily weight gain of embryos at 11 and continued to 15 days of age, hatchability per cent by 4.8%, reduced dead embryos per cent and chick weight at hatch by 37 and 2%, respectively and accelerated hatching time by about 24 h when compared with the D-control incubation. Chicks hatched at 504 h of incubation had significantly (p<0.01) higher body weight, expressed as an absolute value or as a percentage of egg weight, than those hatched earlier at 456 h of incubation. It was concluded that the GL incubation of meat breeder eggs reduced incubation period and chick weight at hatch and increased embryonic growth and hatchability per cent.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

Egg incubation periods of 14 species of plecoptera were examined at $10^{\circ}\;{\sim}\;11^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}\;{\sim}\;16^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $23^{\circ}C$ under dark conditions. The total effective temperature (TET) was calculated by multiplying mean egg incubation days and water temperature of incubation periods. The relation between the TET and the incubation temperature was used to compare the life cycle of respective species. Perlodid species had higher TET values with a positive relation to incubation temperature than those of other species. Perlid species had low TET values in the 14 species with negative to variable relation, and Chloroperlid species showed variable to positive relations to incubation temperature. These results suggest that the relation between the TET and the water temperature reflected on their habitat of respective species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1562-1568
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• 2016

Monochromatic green light-emitting diodes (LED) light stimuli influences the posthatch growth performance of chicks. This study was undertaken with the following objectives: i) to examine whether the green LED light stimuli induces an overheating effect by determining weight loss rate of fertile eggs during incubation period; ii) to look for the development of eyes and other primary organs at different ages of embryos and newly hatched chicks. Arbor Acres fertile broiler eggs (n = 480) were randomly assigned to 3 incubation groups and exposed to continuous white light, green light, or a dark environment (control) from the first day to 19 d of incubation. The light sourced from LED lamps with the intensity of 30 lx at eggshell level. The results showed that either green or white light stimuli during incubation did not significantly affect the weight loss rate of fertile eggs, hatching time, hatchability, chick embryo, or body weight (BW), the weight percentage of heart, liver, and eyes, as well as obvious systematic abnormalities in eye weight, side-to-side, back-to-front, or corneal diameter from 15 d of embryogenesis to 6 d of posthatch (p>0.05). Compared with the dark condition, green light stimuli during incubation tended to increase feed intake (p = 0.080), improved the BW gain of chicks during 0 to 6 day posthatch (p<0.05), and increased the percentage of pectoral muscle to the BW on 3- and 6-day-old chicks. In addition, embryos or chicks in green light had lower weight percentage of yolk retention on 19 d of embryogenesis and 1 d of posthatch in comparison to those in dark or white group (p<0.05). These results suggest that providing 30 lx green LED light stimuli during incubation has no detrimental effect on the development of eyes, heart and liver of embryos and hatchlings, but does have potential benefits in terms of enhancement of the chick growth during the early posthatch stages. In addition, the fertile broiler eggs stimulated with 30 lx green LED light during incubation does not cause an overheating effect.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

부란 1일부터 부화직후까지의 닭 태자 췌장에서 serotonin 면역반응세포들의 부위별 분포 및 상대적 빈도를 면역조직화학적 방법으로 검색하였다. 췌장은 해부학적으로 배쪽, 등쪽, 제 3엽 및 비장엽의 4개엽으로 구분하였으며, 각 엽은 조직학적으로 외분비 부분, light 및 dark 췌장섬의 3부분으로 세분하였다. 이들의 각 발생단계에 따른 닭 췌장에서 serotonin 면역반응세포들의 분포 및 빈도는 췌장의 엽, 조직학적 부위 및 발생단계에 따라서 매우 다양하게 관찰되었으나, 대체로 원형 또는 난원형의 형태로 모든 엽에서 관찰되었다. 외분비 부분에서 serotonin 면역반응세포들은 비장엽의 경우 부란 13일과 14일에서만 국한되어 관찰되었고, 제 3엽에서는 부란 10일부터 부란 19일 동안 관찰되었다. 또한 배쪽엽에서는 부란 10일부터 부화 직후까지 관찰되었으며, 등쪽엽에서는 부란 11일부터 부화 직후까지 관찰되었다. 췌장섬에서 이들 면역반응세포는 비장엽의 dark 췌장섬에서만 부란 15일과 부란 16일에 국한되어 극소수 관찰되었고 다른 엽 또는 light 췌장섬에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론적으로 serotonin 면역반응세포들은 부란 발생 초기에는 다수 관찰된 이후 발생단계에 따라 점차적으로 감소되며 이런 양상은 엽의 종류에 관계없이 나타나는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.267-274
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• 2023

All studies on date palm somatic embryogenesis have focused on germination in the presence of light while neglecting germination in darkness, which mimics the germination process of zygotic embryos within seeds. To improve the date palm micropropagation protocol, we investigated the effects of light and darkness incubation on the germination of indirect date palm somatic embryos and their subsequent conversion into plantlets. Darkness incubation emerged as a pivotal factor in the germination of indirect date palm somatic embryos and their successful conversion into plantlets. Darkness incubation significantly decreased the time required for the conversion of indirect somatic embryos into plantlets, halving the duration from 24 weeks to only 12 weeks. The micropropagation protocol was modified, consolidating the previous two distinct stages of germination and elongation under light incubation into a single stage under darkness incubation. These findings modified the protocol and significantly reduced the overall duration of the date palm micropropagation protocol.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

암배양을 통한 노쇠중인 밀 제1엽에서 지질의 과산화반응과 불용성 잎단백질의조성 및 엽록체 틸라코이드 막단백질 조성의 변화에 대한 BA의 효과가 조사되었다. 성숙한 밀 제1엽을 잘라내어 4일간의 암배양을 통한 노쇠유도실험에서 $10^{-5}\;M$ Benzyladenine(BA)은 노쇠중인 밀잎에서 엽록소 함량 및 수용성과 불용성 단백질 함량의 감소를 크게 억제시켰다. 특히, 단배질 함량 감소에 대한 BA의 억제효과는 수용성 보다는 불용성 단백질에 있어서 더욱 현저하였다. 또한, BA로 처리된 잎에서 지질의 과산화물인 MDA 함량의 증가가 억제되었다. 불용성 단백질에 대한 SDS-전기영동 결과 양적으로 현저한 57, 26 및 12 KD 단백질이 다른 소량의 단백질 무리와 함께 분리되었다. 대조구 잎에서의 불용성단백질 조성의 변화는 72시간의 암배양동안 57 KD와 12 KD 단백질이 현저하게 분해 소실되었으나 26 KD 단백질은 비교적 분해가 덜 일어났으며 BA 처리시 이들 단백질의 소실이 크게 억제되었다. 엽록체 틸라코이드막 단백질 조성의 경우, 각각 CF의 $\alpha,\;\beta$ subunits인 59 KD 단백질과 57 KD 단백질 및 LHCP 단백질인 26 KD 단백질을 포함하는 20개 정도의 단백질이 SDS-전기영동상에서 분리되었다. 72시간의 암배양 동안 대조구 엽록체에서 이들 단백질들이 급속히 분해 소실되었으나 BA로 처리된 엽록체의 경우 이들 단백질의 분해가 정량적으로 크게 억제되었다. 위의 결과들은 BA가 노쇠중인 밀잎에서 막지질의 과산화반응 억제를 통해 막단백질의 손실을 지연시키며 그로 인하여 엽록체 틸라코이드막을 포함한 세포막이 유지될 수 있음을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.227-237
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• 1988

Effects of putrescine on senescence in detached leaves of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in the light were investigated. The putrescine as a potent antisenescence substane markedly inhibited chlorophyll and protein loss at the 10mM concentraton in the detached leaves during the dark incubation. In the light, however, putrescine showed the opposite effects to dark incubation. The chlorphyll loss by putrescine in the light was stopped with darktransfer, and inhibited competitively by a divalent cation Ca2+. In the light, putrescine reduced the protease activity. Putrescine, in the light, increased H2O2 content and reduced the activities of enzymes -superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6-involved in inhibiting the accumulation of free radicals. These results suggest that the effects of puterscine on chlorophyll and protein loss in detached leaves of Chinese cabbage in the light are related to the cationic nature of putrescine and the accumulation of free radicals.