• 대한수의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1978

Nitrate poisoning was observed in Holstein calves raising for beef purpose in a dairy-farm of Gyeongbug province. The results observed were summarized as follows: 1. These calves had been fed mainly cornstalk, and a qualitative reaction by "dephenylamine blue test" for nitrate was positive in the serum of the affected calves and in the cornstalk provided. 2. In the clinical signs, the affected calves were suddenly recumbent without premonition and then dyspnea, followed by death. Death also occurred after inappetence, depression, dyspnea, cyanosis of mucous membrane, and terminal anoxic convulsions were observed. 3. In the macroscopical findings, the blood was dark brown (chocolate in color) and more or less poor coagulative. Petechiae of epicardium, severe cloudy swelling of liver, cloudy swelling and hemorrhage of kidney, congestion and hemorrhage of spleen, congestion and edema of lung, and congestion af abomasum and small intestine were observed in these cases. 4. Microscopical changes observed in these cases were peripheral congestion of lobules, centrilobular necrosis and sinusoidal dilatation in liver, hydropic degeneration of hepatic cells, hemorrhage and edema of kidney, necrosis of convoluted-tubular epithelium, and dilatation of Bowman's space and convoluted tubule. There were also congestion and hemorrhage of spleen, hemorrhage and edema of lung, cloudy swelling of myocardium, and congestion and hemorrhage of various organs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.425-438
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• 1997

To assess the testicular toxicity induced by DA-125, a new anthracycline anticancer agent, the test substance was intraveneously administered to male beagle dogs at dose levels of 0, 0.0023, 0.0375, 0.15, and 0.6 mg/kg/day, 6 days a week for 26 weeks. At 0.6 mg/kg/day, 1 out of 3 dogs had died on day 42 of treatment and the other dogs were sacrificed on days 46 and 122 of treatment due to the increasingly severe clinical condition. Clinical signs considered to be related to treatment were included anorexia, vomiting, salivation, decreased activity, mucous and/or dark faeces, diarrhea, and swelling, abscess and/or ulceration of injection sites. Suppression in body weight gain, reduction in food intake, decreases in testicular weight and size, and hemorrhage of epididymis were also observed in male dogs. Microscopically, severe degenerative changes such as atrophy of seminiferous tubules, loss of germ cells, degeneration of germ cells, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed in all dogs. Azoospermia in epididymal tubules, atrophy of epithelia in the cauda epididymis, and prostate atrophy were also found. At 0.15 mg/kg/day, anorexia, vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, and swelling of injection sites were observed. In addition, suppression in body weight gain and decreases in testicular weight and size were found in male dogs. Atrophy of seminiferous tubules, decrease of germ cells, degeneration, exfoliation and retention of germ cells, vacuolization of Sertoli cells, and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed by histopathological examination. Azoospermia in epididymal tubules and prostate atrophy were also found. At 0.0375 mg/kg/day, there were no clinical signs considered to be indicative of a reaction to treatment, but testicular size was significantly reduced. Microscopically, decreases in the number of spermatogonia and epidydimal speramtozoa were found. There were no evidences of general or testicular toxicity at 0.0023 mg/kg/day. These results indicate that DA-125 produces significant and persistent damage to the spermatogenic compartments of the testes in male beagle dogs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2003

큰발웃수염박쥐 (Myotis macrodactylus)의 세정관 정상피의 분화과정과 미세구조적 특징들은 알아보기 위하여 광학 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 조사하였다. 정자형성 과정은 4월부터 9월까지로 나타났다. 정자형성세포의 미세 구조적 특징에 있어서, A형 (Ad, Ap)의 정원세포는 기저막 위에 위치하며, Sertoli cell에 의해 둘러싸여져 있고, 대부분의 세포는 타원형이다. Ad형은 Ap형 보다 핵과 세포질의 전자밀도가 높은 것이 특징적인 반면에, B형의 정원세포는 구형의 세포로서 A형 정원세포 보다 세포가 크며, Ap형과 마찬가지로 세포질이 밝고, 거의 핵소체가 핵막에 인접되어 있다. 정모세포는 크고 구형이지만, 제 1 정모세포가 제 2 정모세포보다 다소 크다. 정자변태는 골지, 두모, 첨체, 성숙 및 이탈기로 구분하였고, 세포구조물의 특징들에 의해 각각 전 후기로 다시 세분하여 전과정을 9 (기)로 나누었다. 핵질의 변화는 골지후기부터 서서히 응축하기 시작하여, 이탈기에서 완전한 핵을 형성하였다. 정자꼬리의 형성시기는 골지전기에서 형성하기 시작하여 이탈기에서 완성되었다. 동면직전 10월부터 동면기 (11월, 12월, 이듬해 1, 2, 3월)까지는 정자형성 세포의 퇴화과정이 일어났다. 즉 미분화 정자형성 세포들은 세르톨리 세포의 식작용에 의해 포식되어졌는데 이는 동면을 위한 에너지 효율적 이용과 번식조절을 위한 적응 메카니즘이라 여겨진다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the main sensory trigeminal nucleus in the aging rat brain by means of electron microscope. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, two (control group) and thirty six (aging group) months of age, were used. These animals were sacrificed by perfusion fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-2.0% paraformaldehyde (0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) under sodium pentobarbital. The objective area was punched out with a sharp-edged metal cylinder of 0.8 mm in diameter. These blocks of tissue were then washed in 0.1M phosphate buffer, postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in a graded series of ethyl alcohol, and embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were cut with Super Nova ultramicrotome, pick up on grids and double stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate, and observed in JEOL 100B electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the control group, the neuronal cell body of the main sensory trigeminal nucleus was filled with nucleus, Golgi complex, Nissl substance, mitochondria, microfilaments and microtubules. However, few Nissl substances are seen in neuronal cell body. Axoaxonic synapse, axodendritic synapse, axosomatic synapse, axospinous synapse, myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers were well organized around cell bodies. Neurons with abnormal changes were not seen. 2. In the aging group, the neuronal cell body of the main sensory trigeminal nucleus contained large number of lipofuscin granules, dense body and swollen mitochondria. Terminal boutons contained glycogen, crystal-like vesicle and membranous indicating first signs of degeneration. The dendrites were found to be in synaptic contact with altered axon terminals. Frequently axons filled with dark axoplasn and splitted myelin sheath were noticed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2012

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a highly acute and fatal viral disease caused by rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Since first outbreak in Korea 1987, RHDV has been continually affected in the country, but the pattern of outbreak seem to be changed. In this study, to understand the pathogenesis of the new RHDVa serotype, we therefore carried out to inoculate RHDVa to rabbits, and to examine the sequential histopathologic changes and viral distribution. Macroscopically, various sized dark red or white spots or appearance were observed in the liver, lung, kidney uterus and ureter. In euhanized rabbits, significant pathologic findings such as infiltration of heterophils and mononuclear cells were observed at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI), and these were sequentially extended periportal to centrilobular area. However, in dead rabbits, severe hepatic degeneration and/or necrosis with relatively weak inflammatory responses were observed. RHDV antigens began to detect in liver, spleen, and lung from 12 HAI by PCR. Immunohistochemically, RHDV positive cells were seen in only liver from 24 HAI, and the degree of immunogen reactivity was stronger in dead rabbits than in euthanized ones. In conclusion, RHDVa caused the subacute or chronic infection accompanying low mortality and moderate to severe inflammatory reaction in rabbits, suggesting the possibility that RHD could become endemic.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권4호
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• pp.440-444
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• 2015

Gastric mucosal damage by iron pills is often reported. However, iron pill aspiration is uncommon. Oxidation of the impacted iron pill causes bronchial mucosal damage that progresses to chronic bronchial inflammation, necrosis, endobronchial stenosis and rarely, perforation. We reported a case of a 92-year-old woman with chronic productive cough and significant left-sided atelectasis. Bronchoscopy revealed substantial luminal narrowing with exudative inflammation of the left main bronchus. Bronchial washing cytology showed necroinflammatory exudate and a small amount of brown material. Mucosal biopsy showed diffuse brown pigments indicative of ferrous pigments, crystal deposition, and marked tissue degeneration. After vigorous coughing, she expectorated dark sediments and her symptoms and radiological abnormalities improved. There are a few such reports worldwide; however, this was the first case reported in Korea. Careful observation of aspiration-prone patients and early detection of iron pill aspiration may prevent iron pill-induced bronchial injury.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 망막색소상피층에 색소가 존재하는 mouse에서 청색광으로 인해 광수용세포 손상이 일어날 수 있는지 확인하고, 광수용세포 중 특이적 세포에서 세포사멸이 유도되는지 조사하여 청색광에 의해 야기될 수 있는 연령관련 황반변성의 기전 규명과 치료제 개발에 도움이 되고자 진행되었다. 방법: C57black mice를 24시간 암순응 시켜 463 nm의 청색광을 $2800{\pm}10lux$로 조사한 후 1일, 3일, 7일째에 안구를 적출하였다. 청색광의 자극은 GFAP(Glial fibrillary acidic protein)단백질의 발현을 이용하여 확인하였고, 광수용세포의 세포사멸은 TUNEL(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling)을 사용하여 분석하였다. Western blotting으로 ERK(Extracellular signal-regulated kinases), c-JUN, SRC(Sarcoma) 단백질 발현을 확인하였고, 막대세포와 원뿔세포의 손상 정도를 비교하기 위해 면역염색으로 분석하였다. 결과: 청색광을 조사한 후 1, 3, 7일이 지난 망막은 대조군 보다 전체적으로 두께가 감소하였고, 각 얼기층보다 핵층에서 두께 감소를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 청색광을 조사한 후 1일 지난 Muller glia에서 GFAP 단백질이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. TUNEL 염색에서는 청색광을 조사한 후 1일 지난 망막의 광수용세포에서 가장 많은 발현을 보였다. 세포사멸 기전 과정 중 하나임을 확인하기 위해 ERK, c-JUN, SRC 단백질 활성을 확인한 결과 청색광을 조사한 망막에서 phosphorylated ERK는 증가하였고 phosphorylated SRC는 조사 후 1일에서만 증가를 나타내었으며, 반대로 phosphorylated c-JUN은 조사 후 1일에서만 감소하였다. 청색광을 조사한 망막에서 막대세포 발색단인 로돕신과 원뿔세포의 발색단인 옵신이 감소하였으며, 옵신의 감소량은 로돕신의 감소량보다 큰 것을 확인하였다. 결론: 본 연구는 청색광이 망막에 손상자극을 주고, ERK와 SRC 신호전달과 관련하여 광수용세포의 세포사멸을 일으킬 수 있으며 청색광이 광수용세포 중 원뿔세포의 세포사멸을 직접적으로 유도하여 망막 손상을 야기할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.83-103
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of telluric acid on the histological and fine structural changes in the rat liver. Fischer 344 rats($150{\sim}200gm$) were used in this study as control and experimental groups. Telluric acid(5 mg/100 gm of body weight) suspensed in olive oil was given intraperitoneally to the animals of the experimental group and only olive oil to those of the control group. At the intervals of 3, 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 days after administration, the animals were sacrificed, and livers were obtained from the rats. For light microscopic examination of the liver, sections($5{\mu}m$) were stained with hematoxylineosin(H-E). For electron microscopic examination of the liver, sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, finally examined with Zeiss EM 109 electron microscopes. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the control group, round nucleus. well developed mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and numerous glycogen particles were observed in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. In the cytoplasmic membranes of the hepatocyte, sinusoidal surface had numerous microvilli and cellular surface is combinated adjacent hepatocyte with desmosomes. The RER cisterns were dilated and zymogen granules were fewer than those of the dark cells. Kupffer cells with irregular nuclear membrane were observed. Fat storing cell and collagenous fiber bundle were observed in the Disse space. 2. Kupffer cell, inflammatory cells in the connective tissue of hepatic triad and lysosome were increased in the 3, 6, and 12 hour experimental group comparing with that of the control group. 3. In the 1 day experimental group, infiltration of inflammatory cells in interlobular connective tissue, dilatation of sinusoidal capillary and increasing of Kupffer cell were observed. Atropic change of hepatocyte and aggregation of glycogen particles in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte were observed. In this group, desmosome near bile canaliculi and collagenous fiber bundle in the Disse space were increased comparing with that of the 12 hours experimental group. In the 2 days experimental group, desmosome, lysosome, peroxisome and collagenous fiber bundle were increased comparing with that of the 1 day experimental group. Furthermore, lamellated bodies were also seen in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. 4. In 3 and 5 days experimental groups, transformations of hepatic cell cord and degeneration of the hepatocyte were markedly inclosed comparing with the all experimental groups. And damaged RER and mitochondria. collagenous fiber bundle were also inclosed comparing with that of the 2 days experimental group. Autophagosome and fat storing cells with large lipid droplets were also observed comparing with that of the 2 days experimental group. Tight junction and desmosome between the hepatocytes were separated. These degenerating changes were severe through the all experimental groups. 5. In the 10 and 20 days experimental groups, arrangement of hepatic cell cords and cell organelles of hepatocytes were similar to those of the control group. However, aggregation of glycogen particles, dilatation of sinusoidal capillary and infiltration of inflammatory cells remained. 6. In the 30 days experimental group, the tissue findings were similar to those of the control grout. But lamellated bodies in some hepatocytes and lysosome were remained in the cytoplasms of the Kupffer cells. In the 60 days experimental group, these all changes were recovered as the control group. In conclusion, telluric acid would directly induce the degenerative and necrotic changes on the hepatic tissue. However, these changes were perfectly recoverd in the 60 days experimental group as the control group.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-43
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• 1977

This experiment was undertaken in order to localize the labeled dbcAMP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) in oocytes whose development has been suppressed by cold dbcAMP for 6 or 19 hours in vitro. Mouse oocytes were obtained from the ovaries of 3-4 week old A strain female mice, by puncturing the Graafian follicles in the modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate salt solution under the dissecting microscope. Those oocytes which have intact germinal vesicle were cultured in the basic culture medium supplemented with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cultivation of the oocytes was carried out in a microtube developed by Cho (1974). The cultures were then incubated in a humidified 5% $CO_2$ incubator maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 or 19 hours (Donahue, 1968). DbcAMP was added to culture medium for a final concentration of 100ug/ml, and $^3H-dbc$ AMP (specific activity 13 Ci/mM) for a final concentration of $40{\mu}Ci/ml$ was also added to the medium. For electron microscopic autoradiography, those oocytes recovered from the culture were washed with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and immediately prefixed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde overnight and postfixed for 2 hours at $4 ^{\circ}C$ in 1% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer with pH 7.4 (Palade, 1952). After fixation, the materials were dehydrated in graded alcohol series and embedded in Epon 812 mixture based on the standard procedures (Luft, 1961). The thin sections $600-700{\AA}$ thick were mounted on the grids of 200 meshes. The grids containing sections were coated with a nuclear emulsion Kodak NTB-3 and stored in a cold dark box (at $4^{\circ}C$) for 3 weeks. After exposure, the samples were developed with Kodak D-19 and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Routine observation was made with Hitachi HU-11E electron microsocope. The results of the observation were as followings: 1. It was found that the labeled dbcAMP penetrated the egg plasma membrane and dispersed at random in the cytoplasm. 2. It was also observed that most of the labeled dbcAMP was attached to microfibrillar lattices portion of the oocyte cytoplasm. There fore, it is presumed that the receptor of the dbcAMP is localized in the microfibrillar lattices of the oocyte. 3. It also seems that some other cell organells such as mitochondria, Golgi complex, cortical granules are not directly related to the action of the dbcAMP. 4. The labeled dbcAMP was neither observed in the membrane nor in the nucleus. Therefore, it seems that there is no relationship between the concentration of dbcAMP and the nuclear membranous permeability. 5. There was no difference in number of dbcAMP particles when oocytes were cultured for 6 hours and 19 hours. 6. However, it was observed that, in same of the oocytes suppressed in germinal vesicle by dbcAMP for 19 hours, cell organells were moved and concentrated to a small portion of the cytoplasm, and that the morphology of the organells greatly changed to an abnormal. form. Therefore, it is supposed that those oocytes were in the process of degeneration. From the above results, it is expected that dbcAMP penetrated the egg membrane and was bound to the receptor which seems to be located in the microfibrillar lattiees portion, and that this dbcAMP-receptor complex inhibited some enzyme system of the oocytes which are essential for the germinal vesicle breakdown.