• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 에너지 방정식에 기초하여 정수 식생이 존재하는 자연하도에 적용 가능한 1차원 수치모형을 제시하였다. 수위계산을 위한 마찰경사는 Darcy-Weisbach의 마찰식에 의해 계산되었다. 각 단면의 전체 Darcy-Weisbach 마찰계수는 하상조도높이, 식생, 식생구역과 비식생구역 사이의 전단저항, 그리고 홍수터와 주수로의 경계면 전단저항을 고려하여 산정하였다. 경계면 마찰계수는 Mertens방법과 Nuding방법에 의해 계산되었다. 제시된 모형을 가상하도에 적용하고 HEC-RAS모형 모의결과와 비교, 검증하였고, 식생밀도 등에 대하여 마찰계수의 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 모형의 적용성검토를 위하여 독일 Enz강 일부구간을 대상으로 수치모의를 실시하고 실측수위와 비교하였다. 식생이 존재하는 Enz강의 실측수위와 계산수위를 비교한 결과 식생의 영향을 거의 받지 않고 주수로에 흐름이 형성되는 저유량의 경우와 식생의 영향을 지배적으로 받는 고유량 흐름 모두에서 합리적인 수위를 예측하여 제시된 모형의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

고분자 막 연료전지는 높은 전력밀도, 낮은 배출 및 낮은 동작온도 때문에 미래 자동차 및 전력생산의 강력한 보류이다. FEMFC 내부의 기체확산층(GDL)의 중요한 관심은 물의 조절이다. GDL은 소수성 PTFE와 전기전도성을 위해서 탄소로 보통 구성되어 있다. 이 시뮬레이션에서 GDL 흐름은 확립된 방정식 모델의 단순화된 접근법으로 조사되었다. GDL의 성능은 모델 방정식을 이용하여 전지의 내부열, 수증기 밀도 와 산소밀도의 결과를 보였다. FEMFC 촉매층 모델은 유효인자, Butler-volmer 와 수소유동 밀도의 결과를 나타냈다. 이 결과들은 몇 가지 요소들과 함께 영향의 차이는 흥미 가지게 되며 정보는 연료전지를 설계하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.137-140
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• 2005

Resin transfer molding (RTM) is one of the most popular processes for producing fiber reinforced polymer composites. In the manufacture of complex thick composite structures, analysis on flow front advancement on the resin impregnating the multi-layered fiber preform is helpful for the optimization of the process. In this study, three-dimensional mold filling simulation of RTM is carried out by using CVFEM (Control Volume Finite Element Method). On the assumption of isothermal flow of Newtonian fluid, Darcy’s law and continuity equation are used as governing equations. Different permeability tensors employed in each layer are obtained by experiments. Numerically predicted flow front is compared with experimental one in order to validate the numerical results. Flow simulations are conducted in the two mold geometries, rectangular plate and hollow cylinder. Permeability tensor of each layer preform in Cartesian coordinate system is transformed to cylinder coordinates system so that the flow within the multi-layered preforms of the hollow cylinder can be calculated exactly. Our emphasis is on the three dimensional flow analysis for circular three-dimensional braided preform, which shows outstanding mechanical properties such as high impact strength and toughness compared with other conventional two-dimensional laminar-structured preforms.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.62-73
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• 1997

The application of nutrients and pesticides to agricultural lands has been reported to contribute to groundwater contamination, which can be explained by preferential flow in lieu of convective-dispersive flow. An one-dimensional numerical model depicting preferential water and solute movement was modified to describe multi-layer flows. The model is based on a piecewise linear conductivity function. By combining conservation of mass and Darcy's law and using the method of characteristics a solution is obtained for water flow in which water moves at distinct velocities in different flow regions instead of an average velocity for the whole profile. The model allows transfer ofqr solutes between pore groups. The transfer is characterized by assuming mixing coefficients. The model was applied to undisturbed soil columns and an experiment site with structured sandy clay loam soil. Chloride, bromide, and 2, 4-D were used as tracers. Simulated solutes concentrations were in good agreement with the soil column data and field data in which preferential flow of solute is significant. The proposed model is capable of describing preferential solute transport under laboratory and field conditions.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.337-353
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• 2011

In the present study, an offshore platform having large partial porous cylindrical members, which are composed of permeable and impermeable cylinders, is suggested. In order to calculate the wave force on large partial porous cylindrical members, the fluid domain is divided into three regions: a single exterior region, N inner regions and N beneath regions, and the scattering wave in each fluid region is expressed by an Eigen-function expansion method. Applying Darcy's law to the porous boundary condition, the effect of porosity is simplified. Wave excitation forces and wave run up on the structures are presented for various wave conditions. For the idealized three-dimensional platform having large partial porous cylindrical members, the dynamic response evaluations of the platform due to wave forces are carried out through the modal analysis. In order to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction, the substructure method is also applied. The displacement and bending stress at the selective nodal points of the structure are computed using various input parameters, such as the shear-wave velocity of soil, the wave height and the wave period. Applying the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, the reliability evaluations at critical structure members, which contained uncertainties caused by dynamic forces and structural properties, are examined by the reliability index with the results obtained from MCS.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

This study focuses on a prediction approach of compaction compensation grouting efficiency in sandy soil. Based on Darcy's law, assuming that the grouting volume is equal to the volume of the compressed soil, a two-dimensional calculation model of the compaction compensation grouting efficiency was improved to three-dimensional, which established a dynamic relationship between the radius of the grout body and the grouting time. The effectiveness of this approach was verified by finite element analysis. The calculation results show that the grouting efficiency decreases with time and tends to be stable. Meanwhile, it also indicates that the decrease of grouting efficiency mainly occurs in the process of grouting and will continue to decline in a short time after the completion of grouting. The prediction three-dimensional model proposed in this paper effectively complements the dynamic relationship between grouting compaction radius and grouting time, which can more accurately evaluate the grouting efficiency. It is practically significant to ensure construction safety, control grouting process, and reduce the settlement induced by tunnel excavation.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1998

A steady-state molecular diffusion experiment was conducted to evaluate the water vapor proof properties of paper Handsheets prepared from unbleached Itraft pulps(UKP) and old newspapers(ONP) and four different types of polymer-laminated white duplex board were tested under appropriate standard conditions. The diffusivity was determined on the basis of the Fickean first law. Results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows ; 1. The diffusivity data for handsheets showed about $10^{-5}cm^2/min$. whereas polymer-laminated paperboards had remarkably improved water-vapor resistance with about $10^3 to 10^4$ times lower diffusivity : 2. Sheet basis weight, wet-swelling and sizing degree had little influence on the diffusivity of paper; 3 Linear relationship existed between sheet density and diffusivity, and, 4. Highly sfgnificant linear relationship could be observed between diffusivity and Darcy s gas permeability. Results indicate that diffusivity, an intrinsic property of paper, can provide a valuable information for precise evaluation and improved quality control of water-vapor proof properties of paper.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.87-90
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• 2003

In Resin transfer molding (RTM), composite parts are produced by impregnation of a dry reinforcement with liquid matrix resin. Permeability is a key issue in this process. For thin parts, the resin flow in the thickness direction can be neglected. Therefore thin parts are considered as two-dimensional composites. However the resin flow through the thickness is important to thicker parts and we have to consider out-of-plane permeability. This work discusses a method to measure out-of-plane permeability. The flow rate and pressure drop across the porous media were measured. Also one dimensional form of Darcy's law is applied to calculate the out-of-plane permeability of various preforms. The flow is injected uniformly into layers of the preform. And a circular fiber mat with 6cm diameter was cut and flattened from cylindrical mandrel.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2018

The performance of a porous swash bulkhead for the reduction of the resonant liquid motion in a swaying rectangular tank was investigated based on the assumption of linear potential theory. The Galerkin method (Porter and Evans, 1995) was used to solve the potential flow model by adding a viscous frictional damping term to the free-surface condition. By comparing the experimental results and the analytical solutions, we verified that the frictional damping coefficient was 0.4. Darcy's law was used to consider the energy dissipation at a porous bulkhead. The tool that was developed with a built-in frictional damping coefficient of 0.4 was confirmed by small-scale experiments. Using this tool, the free-surface elevation, hydrodynamic force (added mass, damping coefficient) on a wall, and the horizontal load on a bulkhead were assessed for various combinations of porosity and submergence depth. It was found that the vertical porous bulkhead can suppress sloshing motions significantly when properly designed and by selecting the appropriate porosity(${\approx}0.1$) and submergence depth.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.184-187
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• 2003

Complete prediction of second order permeability tensor for three dimensional circular braided preform is critical to understand the resin transfer molding process of composites. The permeability can be predicted by considering resin flow through the multi-axial fiber structure. In this study, permeability tensor for a 3-D circular braided preform is calculated by solving a boundary problem of a periodic unit cell. Flow field through the unit cell is obtained by using a 3-D finite volume method (FVM) and Darcy's law is utilized to obtain permeability tensor. Flow analysis for two cases that a fiber tow is regarded as impermeable solid and permeable porous medium is carried out respectively. It is found that the flow within the intra-tow region of the braided preform is negligible if inter-tow porosity is relatively high but the flow through the tow must be considered when the porosity is low. To avoid checkerboard pressure field and improve the efficiency of numerical computation, a new interpolation function for velocity variation is proposed on the basis of analytic solutions. Permeability of the braided preform is measured through a radial flow experiment and compared with the permeability predicted numerically.