• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of Danjeon Breathing exercise and walking exercise on blood lipids, physical symptoms and hemoglobin of middle-aged women to determine which of these two exercises was more beneficial. Methods: The Danjeon breathing exercise group(20) took health management counseling and performed an eighty-minute Danjeon breathing exercise three times a week for 12 weeks while the walking exercise group(25) took health management counseling and performed a walking exercise seven hours per week for 12 weeks. The control group(20) received only health management counseling. The groups were homogeneous on age, religion, marital status, education, profession, monthly income per household, menopause, smoking, drinking, fat intake and cholesterol intake. Likewise, the groups were homogeneous on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,atherogenic index, hemoglobin and physical symptoms. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS PC program and $x^2$-test, ANOVA, repeated measures of ANOVA and LSD. Results: 1. Total cholesterol of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were lower than that of the control group. 2. HDL- cholesterol of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were not higher than that of the control group. 3. Atherogenic index of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was lower than that of the control group, but atherogenic index of the walking exercise group was not lower than that of the control group. 4. Hemoglobin of the Danjeon breathing exercise group and the walking exercise group were not higher than that of the control group. 5. Physical symptom score of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was lower than those of the walking exercise group and the control group, but Physical symptom score of the walking exercise group was not lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: Danjeon breathing exercise and walking exercise are effective for decreasing total cholesterol of middle-aged women. Danjeon breathing exercise is more effective for decreasing atherogenic index and physical symptoms of middle-aged women than walking exercise.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of Danjeon Breathing exercise and walking exercise on physical fitness of middle-aged women. The Danjeon breathing exercise group(20) took health management counseling and performed an eighty-minute Danjeon breathing exercise three times a week for 12 weeks while the walking exercise group(25) took health management counseling and performed a walking exercise seven hours per week for 12 weeks. The control group(20) received only health management counseling. $VO_2max$, back strength, flexibility, balance, power and agility were measured using the Health Management System developed by the Korea Physical Science Institution. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS PC program and $x^2$, ANOVA, repeated measures of ANOVA and LSD. The result of this study are as follows: 1. There were significant differences on back strength, flexibility, agility and power among Danjeon breathing exercise group, walking exercise group and control group. The degree of back strength, flexibility and power of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was higher than that of the walking exercise group and the control group. The degree of agility of the walking exercise group was lower than that of the control group. 2. There were no significant differences on $VO_2max$ and balance among Danjeon breathing exercise group, walking exercise group and control group. In conclusion, Danjeon breathing exercise improves back strength, flexibility and power than walking exercise and walking exercise improves agility than Danjeon breathing exercise.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of the Danjeon Breathing Exercise Program on physical fitness, levels of serum lipid and physical symptom of people using public health center at Yangju city. Method: One group pretest-posttest design was utilized for this study. This study has been done from July 6 to September 28, 2005 and the subjects of the study were 28 persons. Danjeon breathing exercise was carried out for 60 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Physical fitness was measured using the Health Management System developed by the Korea Physical Science Institution. Serum lipid level was measured in public health center at Yangju city. Questions of physical symptom (35 items) were chosen from Cornell Medical Index. The collected data were processed by using the SPSS PC program and analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Result: 1. The scores of back strength, flexibility and balance of post-test were more increased after Danjeon breathing exercise than those of pre-test. But the score of muscular endurance of post-test was not significantly increased. 2. The degrees of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride of post-test were more decreased after Danjeon breathing exercise than those of pre-test. But the degree of HDL-cholesterol of post-test was not significantly increased in statistics. 3. The score of physical symptoms of post-test was not significantly decreased in statistics after Danjeon breathing exercise than that of pre-test. Conclusion: It is concluded that the Danjeon Breathing Exercise Program could increase the physical fitness and decrease levels of serum lipid. So Danjeon breathing exercise could be utilized to promote physical fittness and to decrease level of serun lipids.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2018

Objectives : The quotation of Seongyeong found in the chapter of danjeonyusam in Donguibogam uses a type of allocation of Gi(氣), Sin(神), and Jeong(精) each in Upper, Middle and Lower, three Danjeon, that is different from the type was widely accepted at the time. The paper attempts to interpret this in a new way. Methods : The paper collected the understanding of Jeong-Gi-Sin found in the Korean medicine based on Naedan Theory of Taoism, and tried to approach and structurally analyze the contents of Seongyeong, Ojinpyeonju, and Hwanggeuggyeongseseo found in Donguibogam's danjeonyusam. Results : The control of the body by Gi stored in Upper Danjeon is related to brain function, control of Gi at Lower Danjeon which preserves Jeong in Kidney is related to proliferation of Original Qi from kidney region throughout the body by triple energizers. Sin located at Middle Danjeon is contrasted with Jeong in Lower Danjeon, and Sin controls activity of life in the part between body and Gi. Conclusions : A new understanding on the assignment of Jeong-Gi-Sin in Seongyeong is possible, and it is expected to contribute to the future study of Korean Medicine and Taoism.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2009

The concept of Myeongmun(命門) could be found in early medical texts such as "Naegyeong (內經)" and "Nan-gyeong(難經)", but the real idea about Myeongmun(命門) had mainly originated from "Nan-gyeong", in successive medical research. The concept of Myeongmun in "Nan-gyeong" could be read as an organ without form, and under the influence of Taoism theory, the concept of Myeongmun could also be understood as Danjeon(丹田). The theory about Danjeon in Taoism theory affected the concept of Myeongmun in medical theory to be closely related with the concept of Hwa(火), especially Sanghwa(相火). Through the theoretical development of Myeongmun and Sanghwa, the concept of Sanghwa could have been understood as a kind of Hwa(火) in human body, and the theoretical development like this had appeared from the time of Geumwon(金元) dynasty, when many medical doctors had experienced the Naedan(內丹) theory of Taoism. Under the influence of Taoism theory, from the time of the Geumwon dynasty to Myeong(明) dynasty, efforts to explain the concept of Myeongmun and Sanghwa in the human body made various meaningful theoretical products, which was not well-known within medical theories of ancient times. We need to recognize the differences in the understanding of the concept of Myeongmun and Sanghwa among each medical doctors, especially among those that showed opposite views. This study is based on the opinion that the difference in the understanding of the concept of Myeongmun and Sang-hwa among each medical doctors had been mainly due to the difference of understanding and analyzing the Taoism theory as the origin of the Myeongmun and Sanghwa theory in medicine. Regarding this, this study will take an overview of the successive development of Myeongmun and Sang-hwa theory in medicine, and will also look into the concept of Danjeon and Sanghwa in Taoism theory, which will allow better understanding of the progress of development of the Myeongmun and Sanghwa theory.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.474-482
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Danjeon Breathing Exercise (DBE) on vital capacity, physical fitness, anxiety and depression among older adults. Methods: This study employed the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group participated in a 12-week DBE program. Vital capacity and physical fitness were measured with a health measurement system (HELMAS). Anxiety and depression were measured with SCL-90-R-K. Data were collected from 37 community-dwelling older adults (experimental group=21, control group=16) in the Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed by $x^2$-test, Mann-Whitney test and ANCOVA. Results: The experimental group taking DBE reported significant increases in flexibility than the control group, but differences in vital capacity and balance were not significant. Older adults taking DBE showed significant decreases in the anxiety and depression levels. Conclusion: A DBE program may be a useful nursing intervention for older adults to improve their flexibility and to reduce anxiety and depression.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

According to "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)", "the Shinnong Herb Bible(神農本草經)", "Chamdonggo(參同攷)", come to the conclusion about medical thought of "the Zhouyi Cantongxie(周易參同契)". Alchemy is a common field both on the eastern and western civilization, but a process of development is different. Ancient chinese alchemist made a study on external alchemy, but harmful consequences of external alchemy was consecutive, many scholars had turned their interest on internal alchemy which is related in human meridian biology and spirit. In the western alchemy has developed to make a study on analytic psychology and science of religion. Most importantly, the eastern and western alchemy have something in common what at the point of the perfection of self is similar, but the name is different, for example in the eastern alchemy we can be immortals and take a spiritual enlightenment with the elixir of life, in the western we can take a cure of souls as a christian. As for internal alchemy, "Cantongxie(參同契)" gives influence to the theories such as the theory of danjeon(lower part of the abdomen), evolution, aging, and life nurturing. Especially, the theory of danjeon shows such merit for studying since it is similar to triple energizers(三焦) and the theory of qi street(氣街) of oriental medicine. The study on "Cantongxie(參同契)" was achieved in Korea too, especially Chosun dynasty. "Candongkao (參同攷)" by Seo Myung-eung(徐命膺, 1716~1787) are representative. According to "Candongkao(參同攷)", Geon(乾), Gon(坤), Gam(坎), and Ri(離), the four trigrams for divination, each are affiliated with lungs, spleen, kidneys, and heart. Nowadays the study on alchemy correspond with modern trends, which are anti-aging and living without any disease. If processed mineral drugs is assured for stability, it can be used for incurable diseases such as cancer.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.34-49
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• 2011

Objective : This research was carried out to find out the general understanding of korean medicine and the attitude toward medical gigong among common people. Methods : Randomly selected 297 people participated in this research. We performed this survey with 13 items on the Questionnaire Results : 13.1% of respondents knew qigong training, and 7.1% of respondents knew medical qigong. Most respondents knew one or more terms of qigong. Among them, the order was known as meridian, danjeon, sojucheon. 57.6% of respondents had a mind to be in a treatment of medical qigong. And 45.7% of respondents were satisfied with the harmless of medical gigong. However, 41% were unsatisfied with the low effect of the treatment. Conclusions : Medical gigong treatment need to develop an explanatory model which based on static study. And technically advanced public relations are needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to inquire clinical meaning and characteristic of Eight extra meridians(奇經八脈) by researching building and progression of Eight extra meridians theory. Results : As a result of research of building and progression of Eight extra meridians(奇經八脈) theory, we can regard that the origin of Eight extra meridians was based on lower Danjeon(丹田) which was the root of Primordial energy and the origin of the Twelve meridians and collaterals(十二經脈) was based on Middle energizer which was the root of Acquired energy. On this, we could know that Eight extra meridians and the Twelve meridians and collaterals are based on Primordial energy and Acquired energy and function of Eight extra meridians and the Twelve meridians and collaterals are complement each other. So, we can say that considering the Twelve meridians and collaterals means that is valued on Acquired energy clinically, and considering Eight extra meridians means that is valued on Primordial energy in health preserving method (養生).

• 한국철학논집
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• 제53호
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• pp.215-254
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• 2017

역학에서 호체는 괘의 구성 및 경문해석에 있어서 긴요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 호체에 대한 연구나 그 활용도에 대한 인식은 박약한 것이 현실이다. 본 논문은 본괘와 호체 그리고 호체의 호체(호호체)사이에 이어지는 연관성을 규명함으로써 역의 구성과 해석에 있어서 호체가 갖는 중요성을 재조명하고자 한다. 64괘는 16개의 호체로, 16개의 호체는 4개의 호체로 모인다. 4개의 호체는 중천건 중지곤 수화기제 화수미제가 된다. 즉 본괘의 호체로 성립된 6획괘에서 다시 호체를 추출하여 6획괘를 만들면 건 곤 기제 미제 4개의 괘로 수렴된다는 것이다. 본고에서는 호체의 호체를 호호체라 명명하고 이 호호체 4개 괘와 그에 각각 소속되어 있는 호체 및 본괘는 그 의미 해석에 있어서 일정한 연관이 있음을 주장하고자 한다. 본고는 호호체의 "단전"과 "대상전"을 중심으로 그 소속된 호체 및 본괘의 공통적인 의미를 드러내었다. 중천건과 중지곤은 호호체 호체 본괘에 모두 존재하므로 본호체(本互體)라 명명하였고 수화기제와 화수미제는 상대에 근원을 두고 있으므로 피호체(彼互體)라 명명하였다. 그 외의 호체(互體)들은 호체라 명명하였다. 호호체 중천건은 본호체 중천건을 비롯하여 택천쾌 천풍구 택풍대과 4개의 호체를 두었으며 이 4개의 호체는 열여섯 개의 본괘와 함께 중천건의 "단전(彖傳)" 중 만물이 바탕 하여 비롯되는[만물자시(萬物資始)] 위대한 시작[대시(大始)]에 참여하고 있다. 호호체 중지곤은 본호체 중지곤을 비롯하여 산지박 지뢰복 산뢰이 4개의 호체를 두었으며 이 4개의 호체는 16개의 본괘와 함께 중지곤의 "단전" 중 만물이 바탕하여 생하며[만물자생(萬物資生)] 만물을 이룸에 참여하고 있다. 호호체 수화기제는 피호체 화수미제를 비롯하여 화택규 뇌택귀매 뇌수해 4개의 호체를 두었으며 이 4개의 호체는 16개의 본괘와 함께 수화기제의 "단전" 중 '초길(初吉). 종지즉란(終止則亂)'이란 의미대로 처음에는 길(吉) 하지만 나중은 어지러워짐을 알려주고 있다. 호호체 화수미제는 피호체 수화기제를 비롯하여 풍화가인 풍산점 수산건 4개의 호체를 두었으며 이 4개의 호체는 16개의 본괘와 함께 화수미제 "단전"의 의미를 공유하고 있다. 즉 '가운데를 지났으니 돌아올 수 없다[미출중야(未出中也)].' '계속하여 끝마치지 못하기 때문이니 비록 자리가 마땅하지 않지만, 굳센 양과 부드러운 음이 호응한다[불속종야(不續終也) 수불당위(雖不當位) 강유응야(剛柔應也)].'는 의미대로, 계속하여 끝나지 않은 채 맞지 않는 것들끼리 묶여서 끝없이 이어지는 인간의 삶이 내재(內在)되어 있다. "주역"은 중천건 중지곤으로 시작하여 수화기제 화수미제로 끝난다. 64괘의 호호체가 이 4괘로 귀결된다는 것은 이 4괘가 시작과 마침을 주관하며 그 사이의 모든 괘들은 이 4괘의 범주 속에서 작용함을 보여주는 것이라 할 것이다. 호호체 "단전"과 "대상전"의 내용은 호호체로 귀속되는 호체 및 본괘를 해석함에 있어서 일정한 의미상 연관성을 지니며 그 해석의 방향성을 가리킨다고 생각된다. 이는 호체를 "주역" 괘 성립의 핵심적 원리로 조명해 볼 수 있는 여지를 열어주며, 동시에 호체가 주역해석에 있어서 중요한 의미를 지니고 있음을 시사하는 것이다.