• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.246-246
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• 2023

Multi-purpose dams are operated accounting for both physical and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to evaluate the utility of a deep learning algorithm-based model for three multi-purpose dam operation (Seomjin River dam, Juam dam, and Juam Control dam) in Seomjin River. In this study, the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithm is applied to predict hourly water level of the dam reservoirs over 2002-2021. The hyper-parameters are optimized by the Bayesian optimization algorithm to enhance the prediction skill of the GRU model. The GRU models are set by the following cases: single dam input - single dam output (S-S), multi-dam input - single dam output (M-S), and multi-dam input - multi-dam output (M-M). Results show that the S-S cases with the local dam information have the highest accuracy above 0.8 of NSE. Results from the M-S and M-M model cases confirm that upstream dam information can bring important information for downstream dam operation prediction. The S-S models are simulated with altered outflows (-40% to +40%) to generate the simulated water level of the dam reservoir as alternative dam operational scenarios. The alternative S-S model simulations show physically inconsistent results, indicating that our deep learning algorithm-based model is not explainable for multi-purpose dam operation patterns. To better understand this limitation, we further analyze the relationship between observed water level and outflow of each dam. Results show that complexity in outflow-water level relationship causes the limited predictability of the GRU algorithm-based model. This study highlights the importance of socioeconomic factors from hidden multi-purpose dam operation processes on not only physical processes-based modeling but also aritificial intelligence modeling.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2024

최근 기후변화로 인해 극한홍수가 증가하여 댐 운영에 큰 어려움으로 작용하고 있다. 그간 댐 설계 시 제시되는 홍수조절방식은 하류 상황에 대한 고려 없이 계획홍수량이라는 특정 홍수상황을 가정하여 수립된 것으로, 실제 상황에는 기상예보를 기반으로 저수지 모의운영을 통해 홍수조절을 실시한다. 하지만 기상예보의 불확실성과 댐 관리자마다 달라지는 의사결정 등 한계가 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 섬진강댐에 대해 댐 유입량을 기준으로 댐 운영 제약사항을 고려한 단계적 방류량 증량을 실시하는 홍수조절방식을 제시하고, 계획홍수량 및 역대 최대홍수사상을 적용한 저수지 모의운영을 통해 효과를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 홍수조절방식은 다양한 댐 운영자가 현실적 댐 운영 여건을 반영하여 일관성 있는 홍수조절 의사결정에 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.164-175
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• 2019

The Tor Tong Daeng Irrigation Project with the irrigation area of 61,400 hectares is located in the Ping Basin of the Upper Central Plain of Thailand where farmers depended on both surface water and groundwater. In the drought year, water storage in the Bhumipol Dam is inadequate to allocate water for agriculture, and caused water deficit in many irrigation projects. Farmers need to find extra sources of water such as water from farm pond or groundwater as a supplement. The operation of Bhumipol Dam and irrigation demand estimation are vital for irrigation water allocation to help solve water shortage issue in the irrigation project. The study aims to determine the smart dam operation system to mitigate water shortage in this irrigation project via introduction of machine learning to improve dam operation and irrigation demand estimation via soil moisture estimation from satellite images. Via ANN technique application, the inflows to the dam are generated from the upstream rain gauge stations using past 10 years daily rainfall data. The input vectors for ANN model are identified base on regression and principal component analysis. The structure of ANN (length of training data, the type of activation functions, the number of hidden nodes and training methods) is determined from the statistics performance between measurements and ANN outputs. On the other hands, the irrigation demand will be estimated by using satellite images, LANDSAT. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) values are estimated from the plant growth stage and soil moisture. The values are calibrated and verified with the field plant growth stages and soil moisture data in the year 2017-2018. The irrigation demand in the irrigation project is then estimated from the plant growth stage and soil moisture in the area. With the estimated dam inflow and irrigation demand, the dam operation will manage the water release in the better manner compared with the past operational data. The results show how smart system concept was applied and improve dam operation by using inflow estimation from ANN technique combining with irrigation demand estimation from satellite images when compared with the past operation data which is an initial step to develop the smart dam operation system in Thailand.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.1141-1155
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• 2013

최근에 이르러 기후변화에 따른 급격한 지구온난화에 대비하기 위해 많은 연구가 수행되고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 임하-안동댐 유역을 대상으로 미래 유량 변화에 대응하기 위한 다목적댐 운영 전략에 관하여 연구하였다. 미래 유량 전망결과를 이용하여 댐군을 연계운영하고 그 영향을 단독 댐 운영방법과 비교하여 평가하였다. 먼저 기후변화의 불확실성을 고려하기 위해 GCM와 통계학적 축소화 기법인 일기발생기 LARS-WG, 유출전망 모형abcd에 적용하여 미래 전망 댐 유입량을 산정하였다. 수위운영방법이 기존 댐운영방법에 대한 모의로 선정되었으며, 대안으로서 New York City rule을 적용한 선형계획법의 댐군 연계운영 모형을 적용하였다. 미래 유입량 전망결과는 과거의 연 총 유입량에 비하여 안동댐에서 평균72.81%, 임하댐에서 평균 65.65%감소하였다. 미래 유입량 전망자료를 댐 운영모형에 적용한 결과, 연계운영한 결과의 신뢰도가 평균 62.22%로 단독 운영 결과의 신뢰도 47.55%에 비해 GCM 종류에 상관없이 전반적으로 높았다. 특히 수량부족으로 인해 신뢰도가 낮은 경우, 편차는 더 크게 나타났다. 따라서 안동-임하 댐군에 연계운영을 적용하는 것이 상대적으로 기후변화에 따른 수량의 변화에 더 효율적으로 대응할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2018

Understanding the composition of the dam inflow can improve the efficiency of dam operation considering the seasonal characteristics. Hydrograph analysis is one of the methods to identify the characteristics of dam inflow. In addition, baseflow separation on the dam inflow can be affected by anthropogenic influences depending on dam locations. In this regard, the objectives of this study are 1) to analyze yearly and monthly baseflow contribution to the dam inflow and 2) to compare the baseflow contribution to the inflow in dams located upstream and downstream of the watershed. The result shows that the estimated baseflow index was smaller in the upstream dams compared to the downstream dams. Discharge from the upstream water infrastructure including dams and reservoirs can be a part of inflow into the downstream water infrastructure. Based on this scenario, the discharge regulated from the upstream dam could lead to overestimation of baseflow contribution to inflow into the downstream dam. We expect that the results from this study elucidate the role and function of dams and hence, contribute to the efficient operation of dams located in the upstream and the downstream of the watershed.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.232-232
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• 2015

Land use and climate changes are the important factors to determine the runoff and sediment loads from the watershed. The changes also affected to runoff volume/pattern to the dam operation and may cause flood and drought situations in the downstream area. Sirikit Dam is one of the biggest dams in Thailand which cover about 25 % of the runoff into the Central Plain where the Bangkok Capital is located. The study aims to determine the effect of land use change to the runoff/sediment volume pattern and the rainfall-runoff-sediment relationship in the different land use type. Field measurements of the actual rainfall, runoff and sediment in the selected four sub-basins with different type of land use in the Upper Nan Basin were conducted and the runoff ratio coefficients and sediment yield were estimated for each sub-basin. The effect of the land use change (deforestation) towards runoff/sediment will be investigated. The study of the climate change impact on the runoff in the future scenarios was conducted to project the change of runoff volume/pattern into the Sirikit Dam. The improvement of the Sirikit Dam operation rule was conducted to reduce the weakness of the existing operation rules after Floods 2011. The newly proposed dam operation rule improvement will then be evaluated from the water shortage situations in the downstream of Sirikit Dam under various conditions of changes of both land use and climate when compared with the situations based on the existing reservoir operation rules.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2019

Preserving reservoir safety has recognized to be important for the public where a vast majority of dams are located upstream of greatly populated cities and industrialized areas. Buckling, floatation and cavitation have caused failure in the spillway gates and conveyance features during past catastrophic events; showed their vulnerability and need for regular inspection along with reviewing design calculations to ensure the spillway meet current design standards. This paper investigates the hydraulic and structural consideration of dam's spillway by evaluating the data of Karkheh Dam's. Discharge capacity, flood routings and cavitation damage risk were main features for hydraulic considerations where hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces and stability conditions were considered in structural considerations.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1772-1776
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• 2006

The Ministry of Environment is determining reference flows and goal water qualities in many stations over all around riverbasin to control TMDL. Reference flow is now defined to 10 years averaged 275th minimum flow$(Q_{275})$. Dam operation takes direct effect on flows downstream. The Yongdam mutipurposed dam was constructed in 2002 and TMDL managing stations between the Daecheong dam and the Yongdam dam are the Geumbon B, C, D, E, and F in main stream of the Geum river. Geumbon F is the Daecheong dam site. Observed flows are ideal to be used to set reference flows, but simulated flows are more practical to be used to set reference flows from the cause of the Yongdam dam's operation. A system for simulating daily storages of the Yongdam dam was constructed and the DAWAST model was selected to simulate daily streamflows. Analysis period was selected for 10 years from 1996 to 2005. Scenario was set as follows; Firstly, observed outflows from the Yongdam dam are used from 2002 to 2005 and the Yongdam dam does not exist from 1995 to 2001. Secondly, the Yongdam dam existed also from 1995 to 2001 and simulated outflows from the Yongdam dam are used from 1996 to 2005 with provision of constant outflow of $7.0m^3/s$ and water supply to the Jeonju region outsided watershed of $900,000m^3/day$. In case of scenario 1 reference flows at the Geumbon B, C, D, E, F are 4.52, 6.69, 7.96, 11.17, and $13.21m^3/s$, respectively. And in case of scenario 2 reference flows at the Geumbon B, C, D, E, F are 6.27, 8.48, 9.58, 12.73, and $15.12m^3/s$, respectively.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2001

수공 방어용으로 건설된 평화의 댐은 화천댐과 연계되어 있고 배수 터널과 함께 1단계 준공 상태로서 화천댐 상류에 위치하여 댐 하류에 홍수지체 효과를 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현 평화의 댐의 활용방안을 연구할 목적으로 화천댐 시스템 조작을 수행하여 평화의 댐 홍수조절효과와 화천댐의 홍수기 제한수위 등을 검토하고 평가하였다. 그리고 이 결과를 분석하여 화천댐 계통의 이수 증대 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 위해서 우선 저수지 조작 기준과 모형을 설정한 다음 저수지 조작의 최적화를 수행하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 최적치에 대한 실적치의 상대적인 값으로 조정계수를 평가하였다. 그리고 화천댐 제한수위의 몇가지 대안에 대하여 최적 저수지 조작을 수행하여 제한수위 적정 수준을 제시하고 경제적인 편익 또한 평가하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 본류 상류에는 춘천댐, 하류에는 의암댐 그리고 지류엔 소양강댐이 위치한 의암호를 대상으로 댐 운영에 따른 조류 저감 특성을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 3차원 수리 및 수질모의가 가능한 Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) 모형을 활용하였고, 실제 조류경보 수준의 녹조가 발생한 2018년 하절기를 대상으로 총 9가지 댐 운영 시나리오를 구성하여 조류저감 특성을 분석하였다. 댐 운영 시나리오는 각 댐 별 수위에 따른 방류 가능량을 참고하여 상류 춘천댐과 소양강댐에서 펄스파 형태로 특정기간 일정하게 방류하고, 하류 의암댐은 수위를 낮춰 플러싱(flushing) 효과를 유발할 수 있도록 설정하였다. 의암호는 기저 수온이 서로 다른 북한강과 소양강의 영향 및 지형적 특성으로 인해 댐별 운영에 따라 영향권이 상이하였으며, 각 지점별 조류 저감량이 달랐다. 호 내 좌안 지점의 경우 소양강댐에서 3일간 50 m³/s로 펄스 방류할 경우 클로로필-a의 첨두치가 약 50 %이상 저감될 것으로 예측되었다. 반면 우안 지점의 경우 소양강댐 방류량이 조류 저감에 거의 영향을 주지 못하였다. 녹조가 급격히 번무하는 비상 상황의 경우 의암호와 같이 상하류에 대형댐이 존재하는 수역에서는 적절한 댐 운영이 특정 지점의 녹조 저감에 효과적일 수 있을 것이다.