• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.555-565
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• 1993

The studies on the liver fluke of Korea have been reviewed. The fluke is Fasciola hepatica. Its intermediate host is Lymnaea biridis, whose principal habitats are rice paddies. The first fascioliasis of Korean native(beef) cattle was reported in 1915. Bovine fascioliasis is present throughout the conuntry, including north Korea, with the average prevalence of 30%. The prevalence of the disease is about the same in dairy cattle, which have been imported from other countries since 1960s. The disease was also found in Korea in other species of animals such as sheep, goats, deer of zoo and farms, and guinea pigs of a laboratory. Human fascioliasis was reported ; 35 cases by fecal examination and 11 by both parasitology and pathology. Of the latter 11 cases, 5 were ectopic parasitism. Economic loss due to the reduced carcass weight and milk production, and liver condemnation was great. Almost all flukicides developed in other countries are commercially available in Korea.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

산양유제품은 산양의 산간 방목지에서 천연의 산야초를 먹는 먹이습성으로 인하여 웰빙식품의 개념으로 뿐만 아니라 산양유 조제식의 형태로 다시 소비되기 시작하고 있다. 우유와 산양유의 조성에는 주요 영양성분의 경우 특별한 차이를 보이지 않는다. 그러나 젖소와 산양의 젖은 케이신 마이셀의 공간구조, 케이신 단백질의 아미노산 조성, 마이셀의 크기, 마이셀의 미네랄 함량 등에 있어서 명백한 차이를 보인다. 산양유제품의 국내생산은 연중 착유가 어려워 소비자에게 연중 공급이 불가능한 문제가 중요한 점으로 대두되고 있다. 그 어려움 속에서 산양유 시장의 확대를 추구하기 위해서는 산양유 제조사들의 집중적인 홍보가 필요하다. 국내 소비시장의 특징은 산양유 소비형태가 주로 신선유로서 소비되며, 발효유로서는 일부만 소비된다는 점이다. 이러한 제품들은 주로 소규모 산양유가공회사에서 생산되며, 대규모 유가공회사에서는 소요량이 많은 산양조제분유 생산에 치중하고 있는 점 또한 특징이라고 할 수 있다. 앞으로 산양유제품의 확대를 위해서는 유가공기술분야의 전문인들에 의해서 한국소비자들에게 적합하지 않은 산양 특유의 불쾌한 냄새와 맛을 제거하는 연구와 기술이 개발되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.66-74
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• 1977

대전시(大田市) 근교(近郊) 우시장(牛市場) 도축장(屠畜場) 및 목장(牧場)에서 한우(韓牛), 유우(乳牛), 재래산양(在來山羊) 및 유산양(乳山羊)에 대(對)하여 피내(皮內) 반응법(反應法)을 응용(應用)하고 간칠증(肝蛭症) 감염실태(感染實態)를 조사(調査)하여 가축별(家畜別), 연령별(年齡別) 방목지별(放牧地別)로 조사(調査) 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果)를 보고(報告)한다. 축우(畜牛)와 산양(山羊)의 간칠(肝蛭) 감염율(感染栗)은 한우(韓牛)에서 평균(平均) 양성율(陽性率)은 31.0%, 유우(乳牛)에서 평균(平均) 양성율(陽性率)은 38.7%, 재래산양(在來山羊)에서 평균(平均) 양성율(陽性率)은 33.8%, 유산양(乳山羊)에서는 평균(平均) 양성율(陽性率)이 26.9%였다. 축우(畜牛)와 산양(山羊)의 연령별(年齡別) 조사성적(調査成績)에 있어서는 1세(歲)에서는 모두 양성율(陽性率)이 낮으며 2~6세(歲) 이상(以上)에서는 비교적(比較的) 높은 양성율(陽性率)을 지속(持續)하였다. 방목지별(放牧地別) 조사성적(調査成績)에 있어 한우(韓牛)는 하천유역(河川流域), 유우(乳牛)는 계곡(溪谷)과 습지(濕地)에서 각각(各各) 높았으며 평원(平原), 고조지(高燥地)와 무방목지(無妨牧地)에서는 모두 낮은 양성율(陽性率)이었다. 간질충(肝蛭蟲) 기생수(寄生數) 조사성적(調査成績)에 있어 한우(韓牛)와 재래산양(在來山羊) 다같이 기생수(寄生數)가 적은 편(便)이라 모두 경(輕)한 감염상태(感染狀態)이며 양성반응(陽性反應)에 대(對)한 검출율(檢出率)은 한우(韓牛)와 재래산양(在來山羊)에서 각각(各各) 92.5, 94.1%였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-53
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• 1961

본인등(本人等)은 1957년(年)에 외국(外國)으로부터 한국(韓國)에 도입(導入)된 가축(家畜)과 국내일부가축(國內一部家畜)에 대(對)한 Brucellosis를 혈청학적방법(血淸學的方法)(응집반응(凝集反應)에 의(依)한 조사성적결과(調査成績結果)를 발표(發表)한바 있거니와, 이후(以後) 국내가축(國內家畜)에서 집단적(集團的) 또는 산발적(散發的)인 가축(家畜) Brucellosis의 발생(發生)을 관찰(觀察)하였기에 제2보(第二報)로서 1956년(年) 부터 1959년(年)에 이르기까지 수입가축(輸入家畜)과 국내일부가축(國內一部家畜)에 대(對)하여 미국농림성(美國農林省) Brucellosis의 검사(檢査) 방법(方法)에 의(依)한 혈청학적(血淸學的) 검사성적(檢査成績)을 발표(發表)하는 바이다. 1. 1956년(年) 수입유우(輸入乳牛) 76두검사중(頭檢査中)에서 양성(陽性) 9두(頭)(11.84%)와 1956년(年) 및 1958년(年) 수입산양(輸入山羊) 1127두검사중(頭檢査中)에서 양성(陽性) 11두(頭)(0.98%)를 발견(發見)하였다. 2. 국내(國內) 일부도내유우중(一部道內乳牛中)에서 1956년(年)에는 108두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 10두(頭)(9.25%), 1957년(年)과 1958년(年)에는 계(計) 155두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 10두(頭)(6.45%), 1959년(年)에는 127두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 2두(頭)(1.57%)를 발견(發見)하였다. 3. 국내(國內) 일부도내산양(一部道內山羊)에는 1958년(年)과 1959년(年)에 423두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 5두(頭)(1.15%)을 적발(摘發)하였고 돈(豚)에서는 1958년(年)에 683두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 11두(頭)(1.61%)와 1959년(年)에 668두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 11두(頭)(1.64%)를 발견(發見)하였으며 한국역우(韓國役牛)에 있어서는 1959년(年) 1133두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 7두(頭)(0.62%)의 성적(成績)을 보았다. 4. 국립제주목장육우(國立濟州牧場肉牛)에서 1956년(年)7월(月)에 580두검사중(頭檢査中) 양성(陽性) 111두(頭)(19.13%)를 적발(摘發)하고 양성(陽性)및 응양군육우(凝陽群肉牛) 157두(頭)에 대(對)한 2차적검사(二次的檢査)을 1959년(年)10월(月) 실시(實施)한바 양성(陽性) 71두(頭)와 응양성(凝陽性) 47두(頭)의 집단적(集團的) 발생(發生)을 확인(確認)하였다. 5. 수천지장사육돈군에 Brusella suis로 인(因)한 발생(發生)을 1958년(年)12월(月)에 확인(確認)하고 7차(次)에 걸친 연장검사(延長檢査) 438두중(頭中)에서 양성(陽性) 122두(頭)(27.87%)가 적발(摘發)되었다. 6. 1956년(年) 수입유우중(輸入乳牛中) 강양성(强陽性) 유우(乳牛) No. 33 및 35에 대(對)한 연장검사성적(延長檢査成績)에서 2개월후(個月後)의 혈청가(血淸價)의 심(甚)한저하(低下)의 4개월후(個月後)의 다시 상승(上昇)되는 혈청가(血淸價)의 동요(動搖) 예(例)를 관찰(觀察)하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2013

The objective of the present study was to determine the minimum alcohol (ethanol) concentration that gives rise to the coagulation of goat milk for the alcohol precipitation test, and to evaluate the physical parameters of goat milk which include alcohol and heat stability. A total of 1,295 udder-half milk samples from 648 lactating dairy goats were collected from seven farms in Jeonnam province, Republic of Korea, to determine the alcohol and heat stability. The majority (99.6%) of the samples were coagulated when 70% ethanol was added to the milk, while only 11.0% of the samples were precipitated by the addition of an equal volume of 45% ethanol. With the concentration of 65%, 60%, 55% and 50% aqueous ethanol, 99.2%, 96.8%, 81.0% and 52.8% of the milk samples were coagulated, respectively. Of 1,295 dairy goat milk samples tested for heat stability, 127 (9.8%) were coagulated by boiling. Among the 143 alcohol test-positive udder-half milk samples, 52 (4.0%) were unstable by heat test, while 1,032 (79.7%) of the 1,152 alcohol test-negative milk samples were stable by heat test. According to the results of boiling test, sensitivity and specificity of 45% alcohol precipitation test were 0.3023 (95% CI: 0.2346~0.3772) and 0.9190 (95% CI: 0.9017~0.9344), respectively. The contents of protein and the specific gravity were higher in the milk samples of 45% alcohol test-positive than in those of 45% alcohol test-negative. However, lower levels of lactose and milk urea nitrogen were observed in the milk samples of 45% alcohol test-positive compared to the alcohol test-negative milk samples. The lowest pH values ($6.73{\pm}0.20$) were shown in the 45% alcohol test-negative and heat-unstable milk samples, while the lowest values of somatic cell counts and bacterial counts were shown in the 45% alcohol test-negative and heat-stable milk samples. Results of this study suggest that the alcohol precipitation for dairy goat milk may have to be tested with ethanol concentration less than 45% for the determination of freshness and heat-stability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for economic traits in Markhoz goats. Data collected from 1993 to 2006 by the Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station in Sanandaj, Iran, were analyzed. The traits recorded as body weight performance at birth (BW), weaning (WW), six month (6MW), nine month (9MW), yearling (YW) and yearling fleece weight (YFW) were investigated. Least square analyses were used for estimation of environmental effects. Genetic parameters were estimated with single and multi trait analysis using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures, under animal models. By ignoring or including maternal additive genetic effects and maternal permanent environmental effects, five different models were fitted for each trait. The effects of sex, type of birth, age of dam and year of birth on the all body weights were significant (p<0.01), but had no effects on YFW except year of birth. Age of kids had significant influences on WW and 6MW (p<0.01). A log likelihood ratio test was carried out for choosing the most suitable model for each trait. Total heritability estimates for YFW and growth traits varied from 0.16 for YFW and WW to 0.41 for YW. For all traits, maternal heritability was lower than direct heritability, ranging from 0.06 for BW to 0.01 for 6MW and 9MW. The magnitude of $c^2$ was more substantial for BW than the others, and relative importance was reduced from 0.12 for BW to 0.04 for 9MW. The direct additive genetic correlations estimates were positive and varied from 0.21 between BW-YW to 0.96 between WW-6MW. Direct additive genetic correlations between YFW and body weight traits were positive and ranged from 0.14 between BW-YFW to 0.67 between 6MW-YFW. For all traits, the corresponding estimates for phenotypic correlation were positive and lower than genetic correlations. The maternal additive genetic correlations between various traits were varied and ranged from -0.19 between 9MW-YFW to 0.96 between 6MW-9MW. The estimates of the maternal permanent environmental correlations between various traits were positive and ranged from 0.33 between WW-YFW to 0.93 between WW-6MW. Also, the environmental correlations between various traits ranged from 0.01 between BW-YFW and WW-YFW to 0.70 between 9MW-YW. Estimates of genetic parameters for various traits in this study confirm that selection should be applied on WW for genetic improvement in Markhoz goats.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.546-555
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• 1982

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)에 대한 단백질(蛋白質)의 소화(消化), 흡수(吸收) 및 질소대사량(窒素代謝量)과 energy의 발생량(發生量)을 조사(調査)하기 위해서 생후(生後) 10개월령(個月令)인 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 모산양(牡山羊)과 생후(生後) 30개월령(個月令)인 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 빈산양(牝山羊)을 공시동물(供試動物)로 하고, 개방식(開放式) 중량측정(重量測定) 호흡시험장치(呼吸試驗裝置)를 이용(利用)하여, 사료(飼料)의 급여수준(給與水準)에 의(依)한 질소(窒素) 및 energy의 대사량(代謝量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 재래산양(在來山羊)에 급여(給與)한 사료(飼料)는 품질(品質)이 중간정도(中間程度)의 orchard grass 건초(乾草)였으며, 1(일)日 평균(平均) 생체중(生體重)에 대(對)하여 0.66~0.92% 섭취(攝取)하였는데, 건초(乾草)의 품질(品質)이 우수(優秀)하여도 그 이상(以上)은 섭취(攝取)하지 못하였으며, 유산양(乳山羊)이나 면양(緬羊)에 비(比)하여 떨어지는데 이는 동물상내(動物箱內)에서 경경(璟境)의 변화(變化)에도 기인(基因)되는 것 같다. 농후사료(濃厚飼料)로 대두박(大豆粕)을 급여(給與)한 구(區)에서는 건초(乾草)를 1.06%, 대두박(大豆粕)을 0.6% 섭취하여 생체중(生體重)의 1.66%를 섭취하였다. 2. 개방식(開放式) 중량측정호흡법(重量測定呼吸法)에 의(依)한 $CO_2$깨스발생량(發生量)을 KOH 용액(溶液)에 흡수(吸收)시켜, 24시간(時間)의 증가량(增加量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)는 99~117g이었으나, 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量)의 증가(增加)에 의(依)하여 $CO_2$gas 발생량(發生量)이 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)은 없으며, 체중(體重)의 증가와 $CO_2$gas 발생량(發生量)은 비례(比例)하였다. 3. Orchard grass만을 급여(給與)하였을때 단백질(蛋白質)의 소화율(消化率)은 24.0~41%였으며, 동건초(同乾草)와 대두박(大豆粕)을 급여(給與)하였을때는 58.2%였는데, orchard grass 건초(乾草)212g과 대두박(大豆粕)150g을 섭취하여 11.538g의 질소를 1일(日) 섭취하여도 질소축적(窒素蓄積)은 0.16g이었다. 이는 조단백질(粗蛋白質)로 환산(換算)하여 1(일)日 77.9g의 섭취가 되며, 생체중(生體重) 20kg내외(內外)의 재래산양(在來山羊)에 필요(必要)한 40~50g보다 많았으나, N.E의 발생량이 537Kcal였으므로, 단백질(蛋白質)이 energy로 분해(分解) 이용(利用)되었다. 4. Energy의 출납(出納)은 생후(生後) 10개월령(個月令)의 생체중(生體重) 20.5kg의 모산양(牡山羊)에게 orchard 건초(乾草) 158g을 급여(給與)한 구(區)에서 G.E로 624Kcal 섭취하였고 D.E 량(量)은 260Kcal, 급열발생량(給熱發生量)은 338Kcal로 78Kcal가 부족(不足)하였다. 또, 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 생후(生後)30개월령(個月令) 모산양(牡山羊)에게 건초(乾草)213g을 급여(給與)아여 G.E로 842Kcal를 섭취하였을때 D.E는 199Kcal였고, 총열발생량(총熱發生量)은 334Kcal로 135Kca1가 부족(不足)하였다. 동모산양(同牡山羊)에게 건초(乾草) 212g과 대두분(大豆粉)150g을 급여(給與)하여 G.E로 1609Kcal를 섭취하였을때 역시 54Kcal가 부족(不足)하였다. 따라서 생체중(生體重) 20kg 내외(內外)의 한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)은 N.E로 600Kcal 이상(以上)이 요구(要求)되는 것 같다. 5. 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)의 측정결과(測定結果)는 생체중(生體重) 27.7kg의 모산양(牡山羊)을 2~3일(日) 절식(絶食)시켰을때 412Kcal 였으며 3~4일(日)에서는 240Kcal로 저하되었다. 시험기간(試驗期間)의 외기온도(外氣溫度)는 $29{\sim}34.5^{\circ}C$였으며 chamber 내(內) 온도(溫度)가 $32^{\circ}C$이상(以上)일때는 호흡(呼吸)이 panting 상태(狀態)로 되었다. 6. 재래산양(在來山羊)은 사료(飼料)의 단백질(蛋白質) 급여수준(給與水準)에 따라서 혈청내(血淸內) 단백질량(蛋白質量)은 완만하게 감소하였으나 혈청내(血淸內) 요소량(尿素量)은 현저하게 감소되는 것이 인정(認定)되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1411-1418
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• 2012

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships between terpenes… intake and their presence in animal tissues (blood and milk) as well as in the final product (cheese). Eight dairy goats were divided in two balanced groups, representing control (C) and treatment (T) group. In T group oral administration of a mixture of terpenes (${\alpha}$-pinene, limonene and ${\beta}$-caryophyllene) was applied over a period of 18 d. Cheese was produced, from C and T groups separately, on three time points, twice during the period of terpenes… oral administration and once after the end of experiment. Terpenes were identified in blood by extraction using petroleum ether and in milk and cheese by the use of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) method, followed by GC-MS analysis. Chemical properties of the milk and the produced cheeses were analyzed and found not differing between the two groups. Limonene and ${\alpha}$-pinene were found in all blood and milk samples of the T group after a lag-phase of 3 d, while ${\beta}$-caryophyllene was determined only in few milk samples. Moreover, none of the terpenes were traced in blood and milk of C animals. In cheese, terpenes' concentrations presented a more complicated pattern implying that terpenes may not be reliable feed tracers. We concluded that monoterpenes can be regarded as potential feed tracers for authentification of goat milk, but further research is required on factors affecting their transfer.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2021

Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be major source of human infection. The aim of this survey was to investigate seroprevalence of C. burnetii in ruminants in Gwangju area. A total of 1,000 samples (serum and lactoserum) were collected from 987 Korean native cattle, 5 Korean native goats, 2 beef cattle, 6 bulk-tank milk from each dairy farm in Gwangju area from January to October 2020 and analyzed by ELISA. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk from each dairy farms was 50.0%. Korean black goat and beef cattle had negative antibody test results for C. burnetii. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle in Gwangju area was 7.1% and was higher in female (7.8%) than in male (3.4%) (P=0.024). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii in Korean native cattle appeared to increase with age (3.8% in 1 year-old, 7.1% in 3 year-old, and 10.7% in more than 5 year-old) (P<0.001). The seroprevalence of C. burnetii of Korean native cattle increased in spring and May was the highest in particular (P<0.001). As the distribution and density of tick-habitat are expected to increase due to climate crisis, this survey highlights the need for monitoring C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, including surveillance of C. burnetii infection in people working for livestock industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.527-532
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• 1992

The present paper describes temporal changes of immunohistochemical localization and quantities of carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (CA-II) prochymosin (PC) and pepsinogen (PN) in goat's abomasal mucosae during long term milk feeding. The CA-II was not detected by day 14 after birth and then became positive on day 34 in the parietal cells, suggesting that the excretion of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins between days 14 and 34 under a feeding condition without solid materials. The quantity of the PC in the gastric chief cells detected by the ELISA showed rapid increase from the day of birth, making a peak on day 8 and then gradually decreased with age. The decrease in quantity of PC became started during the time period when HCl excretion had not started yet. The quantities of PN in the gastric chief cells were almost stable during the whole period examined. Expressions of these gastric enzymes did not seem to be regulated by the change of feeding condition.