• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.479-486
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• 2006

The current study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding and management practices on milk quality and dairy farm productivity in Korea. Fifty dairy farms in Gyunggi (11), Gangwon (22), Chungnam (17) provinces were surveyed to collect data on the herd size, housing style, feeding management, waste disposal, milking practices and milk yield. Milk tank samples from all farms under study were also collected to enumerate its composition and quality parameters. Large dairy herds are equiped with better housing, milking and waste control facilities than medium and small dairy herds. Higher concentrate feeding to lactating cows was noticed in small dairy herds (47.51 %) than in medium (32.59 %) and large dairy herds (31.82 %). The decrease in concentrate feeding to lactating cows with increase in number of cows per farm resulted in a simultaneous increase in the use of imported forages. Bacterial count in milk was affected by housing and milking facilities at dairy farms. Higher bacterial counts (Coliform and E. coli) in milk were observed in cows housed in stanchion than those under free stall with saw dust bedding. The bacterial counts were higher with bucket milking system than with pipe-line and parlour systems. The increase in the number of dairy cows per farm and thus better management and milking facilities resulted in a reduction in somatic cell score. Milk yield (per cow) was higher in herds with less somatic cell score. Average milk protein concentration was between 2.89 to 2.98 % and milk urea nitrogen was between 21.81 to 23.31mg/ml on surveyed dairy farms. This study concluded that large herd size with better dairy cow management facilities is crucial to produce quality milk with better dairy farm income.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2000

Data from a village household dairy survey was compared with technical parameters of three model farms (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 ha in extent) established by the Mid-country Livestock Development Centre (MLDC). In terms of land size, about 67% of the 250 dairy farmers interviewed corresponded with the MLDC models, but only 33% of the farmers were keeping dairy cattle under conditions comparable to the MLDC models (no regular off-farm income). In the 0.2 ha category, village farmers kept more cows, and in the other two categories the village farmers kept less cows than their MLDC model counterparts. In all three categories, the milk production per cow was higher in the model farms (1540 to 2137 vs. 1464 to 1508 litres/cow/year), and this could be attributed to higher feeding levels of concentrates in the model farms as compared to the village farmers (430 to 761 vs. 233 to 383 kg/cow/year). The amount of milk produced from fodder was higher in the village situation in comparison to the models. In the mid country, dairy production seems to depend on access to fodder resources rather than on the extent of land owned. Except in the 0.8 ha village category, the highest contribution to the total income was made by the dairy component (44 to 60%). With 0.8 ha village farmers, the income contribution from dairy and crops was similar (41%). Income from other livestock was important for the 0.2 ha MLDC model, but for all other categories their contribution to total income ranged from 0 to 10%. Access to fodder resources outside own-farm land is vital for economic dairy production. As such, an in-depth analysis of feed resources available and their accessibility needs to be further investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.180-186
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• 2020

ICT convergence using smart livestock is that in the first-generation dairy smart farm model, each device made by several manufacturers uses its own communication method, limiting the mutual operation of each device. This study uses a model based on open control technology to secure interoperability of existing ICT devices and to manage data efficiently. The open integrated control derived from this process is the software interface structure of Open API. It is an observer that serves as real-time data collection according to the communication method of ICT devices and sensors located at each end. It consists of a broker that connects and transmits to the upper integrated management server. As a result of the performance analysis through verification of two first-generation dairy smart farm model sites, the average daily milk production increased compared to the previous year (farm A 5.13%, farm B 1.33%, p<0.05). Cow days open (DO) was reduced by 17.5% on farm A and 13.3% for farm B(p<0.05). Cows require an adaptation period after the introduction of the ICT device, but if continuous effects are observed, the effect of production can be expected to increase gradually.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.587-591
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• 2014

Automatic milking systems (AMS) rely upon voluntary cow traffic (the voluntary movement of cattle around a farm) for milk harvesting and feed consumption. Previous research on conventional milking systems has shown differences between dairy cow breeds for intake and milk production, however, the ability to manipulate voluntary cow traffic and milking frequency on AMS farms through breed selection is unknown. This study investigated the effect of breed (Holstein Friesian versus Illawarra) on voluntary cow traffic as determined by gate passes at the Camden AMS research farm dairy facility. Daily data on days in milk, milk yield, gate passes and milking frequency for 158 Holstein Friesian cows and 24 Illawarra cows were collated by month for the 2007 and 2008 years. Illawarra cows had 9% more gate passes/day than Holstein cows over the duration of the study; however, the milking frequency and milk yield of both breeds were similar. Gate passes were greatest for both breeds in early lactation and in the winter (June to August) and summer (December to February) seasons. These findings highlight an opportunity to translate increased voluntary cow movement associated with breed selection into increased milking frequencies, milk production and overall pasture-based AMS performance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.112-114
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• 2017

Two one-month-old dairy calves which have Eimeria oocysts in their bloody diarrhea died acutely a few days after showing the first clinical signs. At necropsy, hemorrhagic and congestive gastrointestinal organs were observed in both calves, and abomasal ulcerations existed. As a prevalent agent in all of the collected intra-intestinal specimens, Clostridium perfringens was isolated and the strain was identified as type A possessing alpha and beta2-toxins. In these clinical cases, intercurrent infection by C. perfringens type A and Eimeria through contaminated environment may be responsible for acute hemorrhagic enteritis.

• KCID journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.36-43
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• 1996

The outflow amount of the contaminants, especially nitrogen and phosphorus was investigated to find out the characteristics of the contaminants discharged from the dairy farm equipped with the livestock waste treatment facility by flood runoff. 1. The con

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.57-59
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• 2012

In this study, we investigate the status of calcium (Ca) homeostasis at parturition in three dairy farms (I, II, and III), Heilongjiang, China. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows from each farm were randomly assigned to this experiment. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) was 91 mEq/kg of DM for farm I, 152 mEq/kg of DM for farm II, and 85 mEq/kg of DM for farm III. Incidence of hypocalcemia was above 75% and urine pH was above 7.25 at calving in each farm. Compared to other farms, cows in farm II that fed the greatest positive DCAD had the lowest concentration of serum Ca, the highest concentration of serum PTH, and the greatest urine pH at calving (p < 0.05). However, there was not significant difference in serum 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D and hydroxyproline concentration of the cows among three farms. This is the first study to confirm that hypocalcemia is very prevalent at calving in Chinese dairy farms, and the high positive DCAD is a major risk factor that results in hypocalcemia at calving, which may reduce ability of the cow to maintain Ca homeostasis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

Thirty-one dairy cow from two farm(more than 500,000 cells/ml of bulk milk) in Kyongbuk northern province were selected because of their high somatic cell(more than 500,000 cells/ml of milk In individual cow). Each cow received. staphylococcus aureus vaccine(Labac Staph) and immunostimulant(Ultracon) by intramuscular injection to be repeated every fifteen days for S times. The present study was investigated variation of somatic cell after administration of Labac Staph and Ultracon, and antibiotics resistance of isolated staphylococcus spp from milk in selected cow. The results obtained through the survey were summarized as follows ; 1. Ten dairy cow was injected in A farm. Chronic mastitic two cow after 2rd injection was weeded out the herd. Decrease rate of somatic cell after 1st, 2nd, ,3rd, 4th and 5th administration were 41.4%, 35.6%, 56.4%, 65.4% and 36.7%, respectively. Twenty-one cow was injected in B farm. Chronic mastitic five cow after ,3rd injection was weeded out the herd. Decrease rate of somatic cell after 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th administration were 36.9%, 59.9%, 24.5%, 62.6% and 78.4%, respectively. 2. In A farm, isolated staphylococcus spp were identified as S hyicus 2 strains(11.8%), coagulase negative staphylococcus 15 stains(89.2%) and S epidermidis 6strain(35.3%). In B farm, isolated staphylococcus spp were identified as S aureus 19 strains(55.98%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus 15 strains (44.2%). 3. In A fm, antibiotics resistant rate of isolated staphylococcus spp was high at ampicillin, penicillin and kanamycin, and middle at neomycin, streptomycin and erythromycin. in B farm, antibiotics resistant rate was moderate at ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, ka-namycin, neomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline, and coagulase negative staphylococcus spp was moderate at streptomycin.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.196-207
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the rheological properties and composition of unsaturated fatty acid of farm butter made from the milk of cows grazing at high mountain pasture in Pyronogchang SKY ranch (above sea level, 935 m). From two groups containing 7 cows each, a group was fed in-door with TMR (total mixed ration) feed and whereas the other group was grazed pastures for 12 h. The daily intake of feed on basis of dry matter (DMI), milk yields, concentration of milk constituents, and fatty acid profile of pasture milk were compared with control TMR milk. In addition, the physiochemical properties and composition of unsaturated fatty acids of the butter were also compared with those of the butter made from control TMR milk. Upon comparison, the health-promoting index (HPI) of fatty acids; the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids (n-6 to n-3 UFA), the atherogenicity index (AI), and the ratio of linoleic acid to ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (LA to ALA) was apparently improved in farm butter than those of control butter. Thus, it could make the dairy farm visitors to consume the farm butter containing the health-promoting fatty acids from the milk of cows grazing on mountain pasture.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Between February 2020 and September 2021, a total of 452 dairy calves with diarrhea were investigated across 17 dairy farms in Gyeonggi province, Korea, using a rapid diagnostic kit. The study aimed to examine the infection rates of major pathogens causing diarrhea in dairy calves, categorizing them by season, age, and birth month. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the infection rate. The infection rates of the major pathogens causing infectious diarrhea in dairy calves, including bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Cryptosporidium, and E. coli, are influenced by season, age, and birth month. Bovine coronavirus and Cryptosporidium showed variations in infection rates according to season, age, and birth month, while bovine coronavirus was influenced by age and birth month, and E. coli showed variations in infection rates based on age. Furthermore, in the analysis of risk factors influencing the infection rates of these pathogens, age and birth month were identified as risk factors for bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium.