• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2013

Purpose: This study sought to identify how initiating breastfeeding soon after birth affected breastfeeding practice. Methods: The subjects were mothers and newborns in Seoul's S. University Hospital maternity unit who elected to breastfeed. They were divided into an experimental group, which practiced an "early latching-on program" (latching-on within 30 minutes after birth), and a control group, which did not. Both groups' daily frequencies of breastfeeding and supplementary-glucose or bottle feeding were recorded. Results: The correlation between socio-demographic and medical characteristics and the breastfeeding rate was examined; 3 variables showed statistical significance: neonatal health anomaly, Apgar score after 1 minute, and Apgar score after 5 minutes. The difference in breastfeeding rates between the two groups was clear: the experimental group's rate was 1.93, while the control group's was 3.76 (t-statistic difference: 14.865), with the experimental group's rate during hospitalization being twice that of the control group (73.3% and 32.6%, respectively). Multiple regression analysis assessing the influence of the latching-on program yielded a t-statistic of -4.735 and a p-value of .000, indicating statistical significance. Conclusion: An early latching-on program's positive effect on the breastfeeding practice of mother's of newborns was demonstrated. Therefore, an early latching-on program could be a practical and effective nursing intervention for after mothers give birth.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2011

본 연구는 황복, T. obscurus 치어(TL $25.0{\pm}0.5$ mm, BW $0.53{\pm}0.03$ g)의 초기 생활사 동안 성장, 생존 및 공식행위에 있어 밀도와 먹이 공급횟수(공급량)의 관련성을 구명하기 위해 밀도와 먹이제한 조건에서 일렬의 실험을 실시하였다. 실험기간 중 실험 밀도는 1.43 inds./${\ell}$, 2.14 inds./${\ell}$, 2.86 inds./${\ell}$, 3.57 inds./${\ell}$, 4.29 inds./${\ell}$ & 7.14 inds./${\ell}$와 같이3반복으로 6개의 실험구를 설정하여 주었고, 먹이 공급은 1~15일까지 3회/일, 16~30일까지는 1회/일로 횟수를 제한하였다. 실험은 1톤 수조에서 30일간 실시되었다. 실험기간 동안, DFI, FE, 성장, 공식빈도, 공식 폐사율(생존율)을 조사하였다.DFI와 FE는 밀도에 따른 어떠한 경향도 보이지 않았다. 공식 빈도와 폐사율은 밀도가 증가하고, 먹이 공급횟수가 감소할수록 유의하게 증가하였다. 그에 따른 생존율은 밀도가 증가할수록 유의하게 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 결론적으로 군집밀도는 공식 행위와 정상관계를 보였지만, 먹이량은 공식과 역상의 관계를 지니고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 1998

Parenteral nutrition has been an essential part of postoperative care of neonates requiring major surgery who are unable to tolerate enteral feeding for long periods during the postoperative period. However, TPN via central venous catheters(central TPN), used in increasing trend, still presents significant morbidity. To find out whether TPN via peripheral veins(peripheral TPN) could be used as a viable alternative for postoperative parenteral nutrition in neonates, a clinical study was carried out by a retrospective analysis of 53 neonates subjected to peripheral TPN for more than 7 days after surgery. Operations consisted of procedures for esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, gastroschisis and omphalocele. Surgery was performed at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospitall, from 1983 to 1994. The mean total duration of TPN was 13.3 days (range; 7-58 days), the average daily total fluid intake was 117.6 ml/kg during TPN and 158.6 ml/kg during subsequent oral feeding. The average daily total calorie intake was 57.7 kcal/kg during full strength TPN and 101.3 kcal/kg during subsequent oral feeding. The mean urine output was maintained at 3.5 ml/kg/ hour during TPN and at 3.6 ml/kg/hour during subsequent oral feeding. The increment of body weight observed during TPN was 132 g in TEF, 53 g in gastroschisis and 3 g in omphalocele patients, while loss of body weight was not observed. The mortality rate was 5.7 %(3/53) and was related to the underlying congenital anomalies, not the TPN. The most common complication of peripheral TPN observed was laboratory findings suggestive of liver dysfunction in 23 cases(43.4 %) with no significant clinical symptom or signs in any case, transient pulmonary edema in one case, and generalized edema in one case. None of the major complications usually expected associated with central TPN were observed. The result of this study suggest that peripheral TPN can be used for adeguate postoperative nutritional support in neonates requiring 2 to 3 weeks of TPN.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.548-555
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• 2019

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different feeding levels of a total mixed ration silage-based diet on feed intake, total tract digestion, enteric methane emissions, and energy partitioning in two beef cattle genotypes. Methods: Six mature bulls (three Thai natives, and three Thai natives - Charolais crossbreeds) were assigned in a replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design, with cattle breed genotype in separate squares, three periods of 21 days, and three energy feeding above maintenance levels (1.1, 1.5, and 2.0 MEm, where MEm is metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance). Bulls were placed in a metabolic cage equipped with a ventilated head box respiration system to evaluate digestibility, record respiration gases, and determine energy balance. Results: Increasing the feeding level had no significant effect on digestibility but drastically reduced the enteric methane emission rate (p<0.05). Increasing the feeding level also significantly increased the energy retention and utilization efficiency (p<0.01). The Thai native cattle had greater enteric methane emission rate, digestibility, and energy utilization efficiency than the Charolais crossbred cattle (p<0.05). The daily metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance in Thai native cattle ($388kJ/kg\;BW^{0.75}$, where $BW^{0.75}$ is metabolic body weight) was 15% less than that in Charolais crossbred cattle ($444kJ/kg\;BW^{0.75}$). Conclusion: Our results suggested that the greater feeding level in zebu beef cattle fed above maintenance levels resulted in improved energy retention and utilization efficiency because of the reduction in enteric methane energy loss. The results also indicated higher efficiency of metabolisable energy utilization for growth and a lower energy requirement for maintenance in Bos indicus than in Bos taurus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.1137-1146
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• 2000

This study was carried out to establish an optimum number of phase feeding regimen which enable to reduce nutrients excretion without affecting growth performance and to investigate the effects of different feeding regimens on growth performance, nutrients excretion and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 120 finishing pigs (an average initial body weight of 54.3 kg) were assigned to the feeding trial and 12 pigs were assigned to the metabolic trial. Treatments included one phase (54 to 104 kg), two phase (54 to 80 and 80 to 104 kg), three phase (54 to 70, 70 to 90 and 90 to 104 kg) and four phase (54 to 65, 65 to 80, 80 to 95, 95 to 104 kg) feeding regimens. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 16% crude protein for one phase feeding regimen, 16% and 12% crude protein for two phase feeding regimen, 16%, 14% and 12% crude protein for three phase feeding regimen, and 16%, 14.7%, 13.4% and 12% crude protein for four phase feeding regimen, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in any criteria measured during the entire experimental period, pigs reared in three phase feeding regimen grew slightly faster than those reared in other feeding regimens and showed a tendency to increase ADFI during the whole experimental period. The metabolic trial indicated that there were no significant differences in DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and P (phosphorus) digestibilities. However, fecal nutrient excretion except P was significantly influenced by feeding regimens. DM excretion of one phase feeding group was significantly higher than that of three phase feeding group and daily fecal N (nitrogen) excretion of one phase feeding group was higher than that of other phase feeding groups (p<0.05). Three and four phase feeding regimens resulted in 12% lower fecal N and DM excretion than one phase feeding regimen. Blood urea concentrations were lower for pigs reared in two, three and four phase feeding regimens than for those reared in one phase feeding regimen (p<0.05). Three phase feeding regimen for the finishing period showed better carcass grade than one phase feeding regimen, though the difference was not significant. The tenth rib fat thickness of pigs fed on four phase feeding regimen was reduced most and there was a trend that backfat thickness decreased as the number of phases increased. Feed cost per kg weight gain was significantly low in four phase feeding group than one phase feeding group (p<0.05). In summary, it seemed that producers generally oversupply the expensive nutrients for the finishing pigs. High nutrient diets do not always guarantee high growth rate of pigs and cause more unwanted nutrient excretion. It rather seems that meeting nutrient requirements for the each growth phase is more important for the reduction of pollutants and economical pork production.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2009

본 연구는 사료 급여량 자동조절 및 사료의 허실을 최소화하며 구조가 간단한 육성비 육돈용 자동급이기 개발을 위해 수행하였다. 개발 시작형 자동급이기의 주요 구성은 사료저장조, 사료이송장치, 사료이송제어장치, 사료진타장치, 프로그램머블 IC, 개인용 컴퓨터로 구성되었다. 개발 시작형 자동급이기의 가루사료의 초당 평균 이송량은 $9.83{\pm}0.4\;g$, 이었다. 개발 시작형 자동급이기를 이용 체중 43 kg 내외 육성돈(렌드레이셔)을 공시 6주 동안 콘크리트 돈방에서 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 개발 시작형 자동급이기는 사료공급 시간을 2초, 3, 4, 5, 6초로 설정, 검증시험을 수행 하였다. 개발 시작형 자동급이기 일일 급이기 방문 빈도는 사료이송 구동시간에 관계없이 05~11시와 11시부터 17시 사이에 집중적 이었다. 사료허실을 줄이기 위하여 개발 시작형 자동급이기 사료이송 시간은 2~4초 이내가 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 개발 시작형 자동급이기의 사료이송 기준 6초를 제외하고, 개발 시작형 자동급이기가 관행 급이기보다 시험 전기간 평균 일당 종체량(0.8~0.9 kg)은 같거나 높고, 일일 사료섭취량과 (2.76~2.93 kg), 사료요구율 (3,10~3.66)은 같거나 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이상 결과를 일당증체, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율, 사료 허실량 등을 종합 해보면 육성비육돈용으로 개발 시작형 자동급이기 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate rota virus infection of neonates In the Postpartum care center. Methods : This clinical study was carried out with the 205 neonates who admitted to the Postpartum Care Center of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Medicine Hospital, from July, 2004 to July, 2005. Stools were examined daily with Rotazyme ELISA tests(Bio Line Rota Virus, SD Standard Diagnostics, INC.) for 3 days from the day of admission. Supplementary test was examined when change was found in stools. Results : Among 205 newborn babies, 58 cases turned out to be positive. The positive rate of rota virus was not significantly related to sex, birth weight, gestation age. But, it was significantly related to delivery method and it was higher in caesarean section group. The manifestation rates of symptoms were 51.7% in Rotazyme positive neonates. In the Rotazyme positive 58 cases, 30 cases(51.7%) had diarrhea, 8 cases had fever(13.8%), 1 case(1.7%) had vomiting. The positive rate of rota virus was higher during from october to march. There were 190 cases(92.2%) of mixed feeding and 15 cases(7.8%) of artificial feeding. There was significance between breast feeding and the positive rate of rota virus. There was no significance between hospital of birth and the rate of positive rotazyme test. Conclusions : A further study of neonates in postpartum care center is necessary as preference of postpartum care center was increased. And the oriental medicine treatment of rota virus IS expected to be effective, so a further study is necessary.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.445-455
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• 2017

본 연구는 모자동실 유형에 따른 산모의 피로도와 모유수유율에 차이가 있는지를 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 서울소재 일 종합병원의 모자동실제 정책이 전일모자동실제에서 부분모자동실제로 전환된 후 두 제도 간에 산모의 피로도와 모유수유율에 차이가 있는지 비교하기 위해 수행되었으며, 평가내용은 출산 후 산모의 피로도와 모유수유율을 비교분석하여 관련성을 파악하는 것이다. 전일모자동실제의 산모 64명을 대상으로 자체 평가한 2012년 10월의 분석결과와 부분모자동실제로 전환운영한 2014년 6- 7월까지의 산모 43명을 대상으로 수집한 자료를 비교분석하였다. 자료처리 및 분석방법은 SPSS 22.0을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, $x^2-test$, t-test, 피어슨상관관계분석을 통해 4개의 가설을 검정하였다. 그 결과 '전일모자동실군이 부분모자동실군보다 하루 수유횟수가 많은 것'으로 나타났으며, '전일모자동실군과 부분모자동실군 간에 모유수유율은 차이가 없었다'. '전일모자동실군이 부분모자동실군보다 피로도가 높았으며', '산모의 피로도와 입원기간동안의 모유수유율은 관련이 없게' 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 토대로 모자동실제 유형에 따라 모유수유율에는 차이가 없으므로 산모의 피로도가 높은 전일모자동실제로 운영하는 것 보다 산모와 신생아의 상태를 고려하여 개별화된 부분모자동실제로 운영하는 방안을 고려해 볼 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2011

Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for every infant, and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is usually optimal in the common clinical situation. However, inappropriate complementary feeding could lead to a nutrient-deficient status, such as iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, and growth faltering. The recent epidemic outbreak of obesity in Korean children emphasizes the need for us to control children's daily sedentary life style and their intakes of high caloric foods in order to prevent obesity. Recent assessment of breastfeeding in Korea has shown that the rate is between 63% and 89%; thus, up-to-dated evidence-based nutritional management of breastfeeding infants to prevent common nutrient deficiencies or excesses should be taught to all clinicians and health care providers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1986

In order to investigate the effect of riboflavin on cholesterol and MLHP (methyl linoleate hydroperoxide) -induced fatty liver electron microscopically, riboflavin was given to rate receiving high cholestero and MLHP diet for 4 weeks, 8 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated diets daily, as following group ; usual diet (control ), riboflavin 910 ug/20gm BW), cholesterol (50mg/gm BW), MLHP(0.1ml/20gm BW), cholesterol plus MLHP, cholesterol plus riboflavin, cholesterol plus MLHP plus riboflavin, by means of intubation into the stomach for 4 weeks. Each group consisted of 10 rats, The liver of the animals were examined ultrstructurally by transmission electronmicroscope. The results wee as follows ; 1) The three group including cholesterol, MLHP, cholesterol plus MLHP feeding resulted in fatty liver. 2) The main finding of the fatty liver were swelling and vacuolation of mitochondria, a lot of lipid droplets, disarrangements and loss of rough endoplamic reticulums. 3) the most striking features in the group of cholesterol plus riboflavin, cholesterol plus MLHP plus riboflavin feeding were decrease of size and number of lipid droplets, mitochondrial swelling and vesiculation, with restortion of rough endoplasmic retriculums. It is postulated with above findings that riboflavin was effective in prevention of cholesterol and MLHP -induced fatty liver.