• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.295-320
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• 2023

Jeongseon-gun has the SaBuk Public Library, 17 small libraries, and the Jeongseon Educational Library. In 2023, with the completion of the Jeongseon County Public Library, there is a need to establish innovative library policy strategies that consider balanced development by region. The primary goal of this study was to set the direction for the future of Jeongseon County's public libraries and provide appropriate strategies. To achieve this, an examination of the local situation and characteristics of Jeongseon County was conducted, followed by an analysis of the operational status of the public libraries. Additionally, a satisfaction survey and demand analysis were conducted among the residents of Jeongseon County regarding the libraries, to analyze directions for library improvements. Ultimately, taking into account the local characteristics, library status, and residents' needs, an optimized strategy for the region was presented. As a result of the study, the operational goal to achieve the vision was set as "a life-friendly library that shares the healthy lives of residents of Jeongseon-gun," and emphasized its role as a companion close to daily life for the healthy lives of Jeongseon-gun residents. The four strategic tasks to promote the operational goals were expressed as "a library that grows with local residents," "a library that provides multicultural exchange," "a sustainable future-oriented library," and "a library that cooperates with the local community."

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.142-156
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• 2024

The transition to electric vehicles is a crucial step toward achieving carbon neutrality in the transportation sector. Adequate charging infrastructure at residential locations is essential. In South Korea, the predominant form of housing is multifamily dwellings, necessitating the provision of public charging stations for numerous residents. Although the government mandates the availability of charging facilities and designated parking areas for electric vehicles, it bases the supply of charging stations solely on the number of parking spaces. Slow chargers, mainly 3.5kW charging outlets and 7kW slow chargers, are commonly used. While the former is advantageous for installation and use, its slower charging speed necessitates the coexistence of both types of chargers. This study presents an optimization model that allocates chargers capable of meeting charging demands based on daily driving distances. Furthermore, using the metaheuristic algorithm Tabu Search, this model satisfies the optimization requirements and minimizes the costs associated with charger supply and usage. To conduct a case study, data from personal travel surveys were used to estimate the driving distances, and a hypothetical charging scenario and environment were set up to determine the optimal supply of 22 units of 3.5kW charging outlets for the charging demands of 100 BEVs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.149-164
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The economic recession caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disproportionately affected poor and vulnerable populations globally. Better uunderstanding of vulnerability to shocks in food supply and demand in the Asia Pacific region is needed. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using secondary data from rapid assessment surveys during the pandemic response (n = 10,420 in mid-2020; n = 6,004 in mid-2021) in India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam, this study examined the risk factors for reported income reduction or job loss in mid-2021 and the temporal trend in food security status (household food availability, and market availability and affordability of essential items) from mid-2020 to mid-2021. RESULTS: The proportion of job loss/reduced household income was highest in India (60.4%) and lowest in Indonesia (39.0%). Urban residence (odds ratio [OR] range, 2.20-4.11; countries with significant results only), female respondents (OR range, 1.40-1.69), engagement in daily waged labor (OR range, 1.54-1.68), and running a small trade/business (OR range, 1.66-2.71) were significantly associated with income reduction or job loss in three out of 4 countries (all P < 0.05). Food stock availability increased significantly in 2021 compared to 2020 in all four countries (OR range, 1.91-4.45) (all P < 0.05). Availability of all essential items at markets increased in India (OR range, 1.45-3.99) but decreased for basic foods, hygiene items, and medicine in Vietnam (OR range, 0.81-0.86) in 2021 compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). In 2021, the affordability of all essential items significantly improved in India (OR range, 1.18-3.49) while the affordability of rent, health care, and loans deteriorated in Indonesia (OR range, 0.23-0.71) when compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term social protection programs need to be carefully designed and implemented to address food insecurity among vulnerable groups, considering each country's market conditions, consumer food purchasing behaviors, and financial support capacity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.92-101
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• 2024

Hair dyeing, hair perming, and daily hair dryer use can substantially damage hair. Consequently, the demand for products containing natural ingredients for the care of damaged hair is growing. Although polyphenols with antioxidant effects are often used for hair conditioning, few studies have focused on hair conditioning, and the potential of Sparassis latifolia mushroom extract for hair improvement has not been evaluated to date. In this study, the antioxidant activity of and polyphenol content in hot water, 70% and 100% ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and water extracts of S. latifolia were analyzed. A hair treatment containing S. latifolia extract was prepared, and its effect on damaged hair was evaluated. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the hot water and EtOAc extracts. Moreover, polyphenol analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy confirmed that the EtOAc fraction has relatively high contents of specific polyphenols beneficial for hair. Based on these results, a hair treatment containing S. latifolia extract was applied to damaged hair, and hair improvement was evaluated using hair thickness, tensile strength, and scanning electron microscopy. The hair treatment containing 70% EtOH extract effectively improved hair condition. We postulate that this improvement was caused by the high hydrophobic polyphenol content in the 70% EtOH extract.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 1995

As the population of elderly in Korea is increasing rapidly since the 1990's and will more rapidly in the 21st Century, the demand of their health care would be a great burden to health care expenditure. Then it would be necessary to contemplate the functional status and life satisfaction for elderly to make them live more independently. The objectives of this study were find out the functional status in life and life satisfaction for the elderly aged 65 or over who had resided in urban area of two Gus in Pusan and rural area of two Myuns in Haman Gun in Kyeognam Province, and to provide basic data for planning systematic health care programme. The study period was two weeks from February 6 to February 18, 1995 and the subjects were 274 elderly of which 143 were urban residents, 131 were rural residents, and the study method was by structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SAS/PC/sup +/ programme using Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows; 1. To see the pattern of living together, those living with partners were the most common, 39.1% ; 37.8% of urban elderly lived with married sons, 32.2% of them lived with partners, but 46.6% of rural elderly lived with partners, 16.8% of them lived with married sons, which showed difference between residence(p<0.005). 2. Elderly who had jobs were 64.1% in rural residents, and 7.7% in urban residents, which showed significant difference(p<0.05). 3. The score of cognitive function of total subjects was 24.7, that of urban elderly was 23.8, and that of rural elderly was 25.7, then it was higher in rural ones and low for old-elders and those who had no jobs. 4. The score of PADL was 26.8 for urban elderly, 30.1 for rural elderly, and that of IADL was 22.2 for urban elderly, 25.6 for rural elderly, which showed higher activities of daily living for rural elderly than urban elderly(p<0.001). 5. The score of domestic performance was 21.9 for urban elderly, and 30.5 for rural elderly, which showed higher score for rural elderly(p<0.001). 6. The score of life satisfaction was 20.7 for urban elderly, 29.8 for rural elderly, then it was higher for rural elderly(p<0.01). 7. As a result of ANOVA for functional status in living by general characteristics; the score of cognitive function differed by age, job; that of PADL differed by age, job, education, and the pattern of living together, that of IADL differed by age, job, and the pattern of living together. The score of domestic role performance differed by age, job, marital status, and the pattern of living together. 8. ANOVA for life satisfaction showed that the score of life satisfaction differed by job(p<0.001) and the pattern of living together(p<0.01). 9. The correlations between functional status in living and life satisfaction showed that the higher the score of cognitive function was(r=0.39), the higher the score of activities of daily living was(r=0.50), and the higher the score of domestic role performance was(r=0.41), the higher the score of life satisfaction. 10. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for life satisfaction pointed out that residence was responsible for 39.9% of the variance. cognitive function was for 5.3%, and domestic role performance was for 1.2%.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2002

Effect of density (30, 40, 65, 90 or 120/cage) of lantern and bottom cages on growth of the ark shell, Scapharca satowi was studied in the Korean west coast from April 2000 to October 2001, when the following range of environmental conditions prevailed : temperature : 4.2 -25.5 $^{\circ}C, salinity : 30.23-32.$15\textperthousand, dissolved oxygen : 5.12-7.16 $ml$/l, pH : 7.84-8.17, phosphate : 0.22-0.56 $\mu $M, dissolved inorganic nitrogen : 3.16-9.10 $\mu $M, suspended solid : 7.6-17.9 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand: 0.46-1.61 mg/l and chlorophyll-a : 0.92-5.93 $\mug/l. Daily growth rate of shell length ranged from 0.066 to 0.071 mm/day for the lantern net cages, and from 0.079 to 0.082 mm/day for the bottom cages. Total weight also ranged from 0.067 to 0.082 g/day in the lantern net cages, as against 0.099 to 0.114 g/day in the bottom cages. Hemoglobin content of S. satowi (55 mm shell length), which was about 3.9 g/dl during february, 2001, increased to 6.0 and 7.0 g/dl during October, 2001 in animals culture in the lantern and bottom cages, respectively. ANOVA test of the growth rate showed that the growth rate of S. satowi, was significantly dependent on rearing density and the tested culture methods (P < 0.0001). The daily growth rate of the shell length was more significantly correlated with water temperature; the growth rate of shell length and total weight showed a tendency decrease with decreasing temperature. In cages suspended at the bottom, not only the increase shell weight but also the meat obtainable from comparable sized S. satowi was greater. Survival decreased with increasing density and was optimal at the density of 30 individual/cage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 1991

Korea has accomplished the afforestation of its forest land in the early 1980's. To meet the increasing demand for forest products and forest recreation, a development of scientific forest management system is needed as a whole. For this purpose the development of efficient forestfire management system is essential. In this context, the purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical foundation of forestfire danger rating system. In this study, it is hypothesized that the degree of forestfire risk is affected by Weather Factor and Man-Caused Risk Factor. (1) To accommodate the Weather Factor, a statistical model was estimated in which weather variables such as humidity, temperature, precipitation, wind velocity, duration of sunshine were included as independent variables and the probability of forestfire occurrence as dependent variable. (2) To account man-caused risk, historical data of forestfire occurrence was investigated. The contribution of man's activities make to risk was evaluated from three inputs. The first, potential risk class is a semipermanent number which ranks the man-caused fire potential of the individual protection unit relative to that of the other protection units. The second, the risk sources ratio, is that portion of the potential man-caused fire problem which can be charged to a specific cause. The third, daily activity level is that the fire control officer's estimate of how active each of these sources is, For each risk sources, evaluate its daily activity level ; the resulting number is the partial risk factor. Sum up the partial risk factors, one for each source, to get the unnormalized Man-Caused Risk. To make up the Man-Caused Risk, the partial risk factor and the unit's potential risk class were considered together. (3) At last, Fire occurrence index was formed fire danger rating estimation by the Weather Factors and the Man-Caused Risk Index were integrated to form the final Fire Occurrence Index.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.483-490
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• 2012

In parallel with advancement of the industrial society and accompanied quality-of-life improvement, jewelry is now rather viewed as one of common accessories used in daily life, than as a luxurious item as treated before change of perception about it in the past, attracting thus gradually multiplying demand for it. Thanks to rapid spread of multi media like the Internet, an increasing number of people have come to develop great liking for exceptional design and unique format of jewelry products. Following drain of their reserves, natural gems are unlikely to meet the demand for them fully in the future. As a consequence, it seems essential to rely on synthetic, artificial, imitation jewelry or organic substances and quasi-mineral in amorphous structure for substitute jewelry. Since synthetic jewelry has such a great potential as substitute jewelry, it is expected to maximize added value to jewelry if and when accompanied with development of creative design and upgrading of processing technology for jewelry, in addition to various types of synthetic jewelry and glass that have been already put in use as substitute substances. Synthetic jewelry is thus believed to be able to greatly contribute to progress of the jewelry industry. In many countries of the world, jewelry and gem industry has been regarded as one of promising sectors vital in enriching the national wealth. In this context, the Korean Ministry of Finance and Economy announced in July 2007 "an activating policy for the jewelry and gem industry, declaring to cultivate and grow it to be new engine for the nation's growth". The present paper thus aims to conduct a study exclusively on cutting design of synthetic jewelry as a part of measures to activate the jewelry industry in Korea. Efforts are made to develop designs for jewelry that are unique and different from the conventional stereotyped form of polishing and are added with color, pattern and fashionable cutting. Priority is given in this regard to designing jewelry that may attract general public and may be shared by public beyond the limit of conventional design for jewelry and producing products that stand in contrast with other products. By upgrading the quality of jewelry design, competitiveness of the jewelry industry may be ensured and the creative area of jewelry design may be expanded by far.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1978

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information necessary to assess present rice milling technology in Korea The profiles for milling plants was analyzed by survey work.For the private custom-work mills, which process about 80 percent of domestic rice consumption ,their actual milling test for the identical samples as used for filed mills was conducted. Two rice varieties Japonica and Tongil-type were associated with the experiments. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Analyses for private custom-work mills showed their general aspects as; about 91 percent of the mills belonged to an individual owner ship ; more than 93 percent of the mills was established earlier than 1950 ; about 80 percent of the mills was powered with electric motor; mills having less than two employees were about 75 percent; about 45 percent of the mills provided for warehouse in storing customers cereal grains. 2. The polishers installed in 1,255mills within the surveyed area (7 counties) have been supplied by 44 different domestic manufacturers ;in but about 60 percent of which was supplied by 6major manufacturers. The polishers could be classified into two categories in terms of principles of their polishing actions ;jet-pearler and friction types. About 51 percent of the mills was equipped with the former which has been recognized as giving greater milling recovery than the friction types. 3. Reason for owners of private mills to supplement new machines was due mainly to pgrading their mills to meet the requirements that established by the Government. However, about 60 percent of the mill owners intended to replace with new pearler by their own needs to meet with new high yielding varieties. 4. Processing systems of each previate rice mills surveyed could be classified into three categories, depending upon whether the systems posessed such components as precleaner and paddy separator or not. Only 36.7 percent of mills was installed with both precleanr ad paddy seperrator, 5.0 percent of mills did have neither percleaner nor paddy seperator, and rest of them equipped only one of the two. Hence,it is needed for about 63% of rice miils to be supplemented with these basic facilities to meet with the requirements for the standaized system. 5. Actual milling capacity measured at each field rice mills was shown a wide variation, having range from about 190 to 1,210 kg/hr. The percentages of mills classified according to daily milling capacity based on this hourly capacity were 24.3% for the capacity less than 3 M/T a day; 20.0% for 3-4 M/T; 15.6% for 4-5 M/T; 6.7% for 5-6 M/T; 22.3% for 6-7 M/T; and 11.0% for more than 7 M/T a day. 6. Actual amount of rice processed was about 310 M/T a year in average. About 42% of total milled rice was processed during October to Decembear, which formed a peak demand period for rice mills. The amount of rice milled during January to May was relatively small, but it had still a large amount compared to that during June to September. 7. Utilization rate of milling facility, i. e., percentage of the actual amount of milled rice to the capacity of rice mills, was about 18% on the year round average, about 41% in the peak demand season, and about 10% during June to September. Average number of operating days for mills surveyed was about 250 days a year, and about 21 days a month. 8. Moisture contents of paddy at the time of field mill tests were ranged 14.5% to 19.5% for both Japonica and Tong-i] varieties, majority of paddy grains having moisture level much higher than 1530. To aviod potential reduction of milling recovery while milling and deterioration of milled rice while storage due to these high grain mJisture contents, it may be very important for farmers holding rice to dry by an artificial drying method. 9. Milling recovery of JapJnica varieties in rice mills was 75.0% in average and it was widely ranged from 69.0% to 78.0 % according to mills. Potential increase in milJing recovery of Japonica variety with improvement of mill facilities was estimated to about 1.9%. On the other hand, milling recovery of Tong-il varieties in the field mill tests was 69.8% in average and it ranged from 62% to 77 %, which is much wider than that of Japonica varieties. It is noticed that the average milling recovery of Tong-il variety of 69.8% was much less than that of the Japonica-type. It was estimated th3.t up to about 5.0% of milling recovery for Tong-il variety could be improved by improving the present lo'.ver graded milling technology. 10. Head rice recoveries, as a factor of representing the quality of commercial goods, of Japonica and Tong-il varieties were 65.9% and 53.8% in average, and they were widely ranged from 52% to 73% and from 44% to 65% , respectively. It was assessed that head rice recovery of Japonica varieties can be improved up 3.3% and that of Tong-il varieties by 7.0% by improving mill components and systems.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2010

This work was carried out to investigate the quantity of excreta and its composition in crossbred pigs (Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace ${\times}$ Duroc) at different stages of growth. Twelve young piglets (average BW weight of $19.0{\pm}0.33kg$) were used in this study. Pigs were divided into four phases during growing time and two phases during finishing time. The average excreta production for growing pig was 3.46 kg/head/day (feces: 1.07 kg, urine: 2.39 kg). The average moisture contents of feces and urine were 70.54% and 97.39%, respectively. Contents of Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, Plumbum, and Arsenic were 1.00%, 0.26%, 10.47 mg/kg, 2.43 mg/kg, and 1.02 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of the water pollutants like Biochemical Oxygen Demand ($BOD_5$), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solid (SS), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP), excreted from pig were 96335, 61073, 207466, 8104 and 4209 mg/L in feces and 7364, 7149, 2715, 10110 and 613 mg/L in urine at the end of test, respectively. The daily loading amount of water pollutants ($BOD_5$, COD, SS, TN, and TP, respectively) in pig excreta were 102.1, 61.8, 221.6, 8.7, and 3.9 g/head/day in feces, and 19.3, 16.7, 8.0, 22.2, and 1.3 g/head/day in urine, respectively. The Nitrogen, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ contents in the excreta of pigs were 0.96, 0.83 and 0.42% in feces, and 0.80, 0.09 and 0.53% in urine, respectively. Finally, this work was suggested to give basic information to swine farms.