• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2019

폭염은 전 세계에서 나타나고 있는 현상으로 열 노출과 관련된 위험을 악화시키고, 치명적인 인명피해를 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 폭염의 한 가지 형태 중 하나인 열대야를 대상으로 한국의 열대야 추세가 어떻게 변화하고 있는 지를 살펴보았다. 1973년부터 2018년까지 한국 기상청 ASOS 60개 지점의 일 최저 기온을 이용하여 여섯 개의 열대야 특성의 시간적인 변화를 분석하였다. 이러한 분석으로부터 열대야 관심지역은 인천, 강릉, 청주, 전주, 광주, 장흥, 여수, 거제, 구미, 영덕 등 10개 지역, 열대야 우심지역은 홍천, 양평, 수원, 원주, 보령, 대전, 부안, 정읍, 목포, 거창, 밀양, 포항, 제주, 서귀포 등 14개 지역이 식별되었다. 제안된 열대야 우심지역에는 특별한 열대야 대책이 수립될 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2006

A thermal time-based two-step phenological model was used to project flowering dates of Japanese cherry in South Korea from 1941 to 2100. The model consists of two sequential periods: the rest period described by chilling requirement and the forcing period described by heating requirement. Daily maximum and minimum temperature are used to calculate daily chill units until a pre-determined chilling requirement for rest release is met. After the projected rest release date, daily heat units (growing degree days) are accumulated until a pre-determined heating requirement for flowering is achieved. Model calculations using daily temperature data at 18 synoptic stations during 1955-2004 were compared with the observed blooming dates and resulted in 3.9 days mean absolute error, 5.1 days root mean squared error, and a correlation coefficient of 0.86. Considering that the phonology observation has never been fully standardized in Korea, this result seems reasonable. Gridded data sets of daily maximum and minimum temperature with a 270 m grid spacing were prepared for the climatological years 1941-1970 and 1971-2000 from observations at 56 synoptic stations by using a spatial interpolation scheme for correcting urban heat island effect as well as elevation effect. A 25km-resolution temperature data set covering the Korean Peninsula, prepared by the Meteorological Research Institute of Korea Meteorological Administration under the condition of Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change-Special Report on Emission Scenarios A2, was converted to 270 m gridded data for the climatological years 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100. The model was run by the gridded daily maximum and minimum temperature data sets, each representing a climatological normal year for 1941-1970, 1971-2000, 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100. According to the model calculation, the spatially averaged flowering date for the 1971-2000 normal is shorter than that for 1941-1970 by 5.2 days. Compared with the current normal (1971-2000), flowering of Japanese cherry is expected to be earlier by 9, 21, and 29 days in the future normal years 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100, respectively. Southern coastal areas might experience springs with incomplete or even no Japanese cherry flowering caused by insufficient chilling for breaking bud dormancy.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2004

Northern Gyeonggi Province(NGP), consisting of 3 counties, is the northernmost region in South Korea adjacent to the de-militarized zone with North Korea. To supplement insufficient spatial coverage of official climate data and climate atlases based on those data, high-resolution digital climate models(DCM) were prepared to support weather- related activities of residents in NGP Monthly climate data from 51 synoptic stations across both North and South Korea were collected for 1981-2000. A digital elevation model(DEM) for this region with 30m cell spacing was used with the climate data for spatially interpolating daily maximum and minimum temperatures, solar irradiance, and precipitation based on relevant topoclimatological models. For daily minimum temperature, a spatial interpolation scheme accommodating the potential influences of cold air accumulation and the temperature inversion was used. For daily maximum temperature estimation, a spatial interpolation model loaded with the overheating index was used. Daily solar irradiances over sloping surfaces were estimated from nearby synoptic station data weighted by potential relative radiation, which is the hourly sum of relative solar intensity. Precipitation was assumed to increase with the difference between virtual terrain elevation and the DEM multiplied by an observed rate. Validations were carried out by installing an observation network specifically for making comparisons with the spatially estimated temperature pattern. Freezing risk in January was estimated for major fruit tree species based on the DCMs under the recurrence intervals of 10, 30, and 100 years, respectively. Frost risks at bud-burst and blossom of tree flowers were also estimated for the same resolution as the DCMs.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in daily surface temperature of red pepper leaf compared to air and soil surface temperature. The maximum, minimum and average daily temperatures of red pepper leaf were 27.80, 11.40 and $19.01^{\circ}C$, respectively, which were lower by 0.10, 7.60 and $3.86^{\circ}C$ than air temperature, respectively, and lower by 15.00, 0.0 and $4.38^{\circ}C$ than soil surface temperature, respectively. Mean deviations of the difference between measured and estimated temperature by the E&E Model (Eom & Eom, 2013) for the air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf and soil were 0.64, 1.82 and $4.77^{\circ}C$, respectively. The relationships between measured and estimated scaled factor of the air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf and soil were very close to the 1:1 line. Difference between air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf showed a linear decreasing function with the surface temperature of red pepper leaf. Difference between soil surface temperature and air and surface temperature of red pepper leaf linearly increased with the soil surface temperature.

• 대기
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2009

Characteristics of seasonal mean diurnal temperature range (DTR) and their causes over South Korea are investigated using the 60 stations data of Korea Meteorological Administration from 1976 to 2005. In general, the seasonal mean DTR is greatest during spring (in inland area) and least during summer (urban and coastal area). The spatial and seasonal variations of DTR are closely linked with the land surface conditions (especially vegetation activity and soil moisture) and atmospheric conditions (cloud amount, precipitation, local circulation). The seasonal mean DTR shows a decreasing trend at the major urban areas and at the north-eastern part of South Korea. Whereas, it shows an increasing trend at the central area of the southern part. Decreasing and increasing trends of DTR are more significant during summer and fall, and during spring and winter. The decrease (increase) of DTR is mainly caused by the stronger increase of daily minimum (maximum) temperature than daily maximum (minimum) temperature. The negative effects of precipitation and cloud amount on the DTR are greater during spring and at the inland area than during winter and at the coastal area. And the effect of daytime precipitation on the DTR is greater than that of nighttime precipitation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.295-310
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• 2016

In this study, changes in daily temperature range were investigated using daily maximum and minimum temperatures of Busan and Daegu for last 81 years (1934-2014), and also characteristics of daily temperature range and seasonal fluctuations by urbanization were examined. First, elapsing changes showed a lower decreasing trend in Busan ($0.32^{\circ}C$) than Daegu ($1.28^{\circ}C$) for last 81 years. Daily temperature range showed the highest rise in winter in both Busan and Daegu. Second, daily temperature range due to urbanization showed that Busan had a pronounced decreasing trend before urbanization meanwhile Daegu showed the same trend after urbanization. On seasonal changes, the results of Busan showed a decreasing trend in summer before urbanization, and in autumn after urbanization. For Daegu, the results showed a decreasing trend in spring before urbanization, and in winter after urbanization. Seasonal fluctuations of Busan showed little difference in the pre and post-urbanization, except in winter and summer. There was large difference in daily temperature range in winter after urbanization, and in summer before the urbanization. The results in Daegu showed that there was decreasing trend of daily temperature range in all seasons after urbanization.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1998

A stochastic weather generator which simulate daily precipitation, maximum and minimum daily temperature, relative humidity was developed. The model parameters were estimated using stochastic characteristics analysis of historical data of 71 weather stations. Spatial variations of the parameters for the country were also analyzed. Model parameters of ungauged Sites were determined from parameters of adjacent weather stations using inverse distance method. The model was verified on Suwon and Ulsan weather stations and showed good agreement between simulated and observed data.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.244-255
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내의 ASOS 및 AWS와 AMOS 관측 값을 사용하여 1km 고해상도의 산악기상 격자 값을 추정하고 평가하였다. 해발고도 200m이상을 산악지역으로 정의하고 ASOS, AWS, AMOS 기상관측소를 산악기상이 반영된 기상데이터와 산악기상이 반영되지 않는 기상데이터로 나누었다. 2013년에서 2020년까지 산악기상 데이터를 적용하고 편의보정기법(bias correction method)방법을 통하여 산악기상 적용에 따른 보정계수를 산출하고 적용하여 보정계수 및 산악기상 데이터가 반영된 고해상도 산악기상기온 격자 데이터를 생성하였다. 추정된 산악기상기온 격자데이터는 검증지점의 기상 기온 실측 값과 비교하여 평가하였다. 산악기상 데이터 반영 및 보정계수가 반영된 산악기상 고해상도 격자 기온은 산악기상이 반영되지 않는 격자기온보다 RMSE가 34%(평균기온), 50%(최저기온), 31%(최고기온)가 감소하였다. 이는 산악기상 정보기반과 산악기상 보정계수를 적용이 국내 산악기상고해상도 격자 생성에 있어서 정확도를 크게 개선시킬 수 있음을 시사하였다. 이러한 1km 고해상도의 기온 격자데이터는 추후 기후변화에 대한 산림생태계 변화 및 산림재해 모델의 검증을 위한 데이터로 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.539-547
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify how soybean seed protein concentration is influenced by climatic factors. Twelve lines selected for seed protein concentration were studied in 13 environments of North Carolina. Sensitivity of seed protein concentration, total seed protein, and seed yield to climatic variables was investigated using a linear regression model. Best response models were determined using two stepwise selection methods, Maximum R-square and Stepwise Selection. There were wide climatic effects in seed protein concentration, total protein and seed yield. The highest protein concentration environment was characterized by the most high temperature days(HTD) and the smallest variance of average daily temperature range (VADTRg), while the lowest protein concentration environment was distinguished by the fewest HTD and the largest VADTRg. For protein concentration, all lines responded positively to average maximum daily temperature(MxDT), HTD, and average daily temperature range(ADTRg) and negatively to ADRa, while they responded positively or negatively to average daily temperature(ADT), variance of average minimum daily temperature (VMnDT), and VADTRg, indicating that genotypes may greatly differ in degrees of sensitivity to each climatic variable. Eleven lines seemed to have best response models with 2 or 3 variables. Exceptionally, NC106 did not show a significant sensitivity to any climatic variable and thus did not have a best response model. This indicates that it may be considered phenotypically more stable. For total seed protein and seed yield, all the lines responded negatively to both ADTRg and VADRa, suggesting that synthesis of seed components may increase with less daily temperature range and less variation in daily rainfall.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.444-460
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• 2010

본 논문은 중부지방의 스키 리조트를 대상으로 제설조건을 파악하기 위하여, 스키장과 인접한 기상 관측지점의 기후자료를 이용하여 스키장 개장일과 폐장일, 제설작업에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기후 요소의 변화를 분석하였다. 기후 조건이 불리한 수도권 스키리조트는 전체 제설작업 중 94% 이상이 팬형 제설기를 이용한 반면에 용평리조트는 건형 제설기를 이용하였다. 11월 일최저기온의 경우 대관령에서는 지속적으로 상승하였으나 이천은 1980년대 이후 최근까지 다소 하강하는 경향으로 2000년대 스키리조트 개장일에 영향을 미쳤다. 스키장 폐장일인 2월 중순에도 일최고기온이 $2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$인 수도권 스키리조트가 용평보다 이르다. 보강제설 기간 동안 눈이 활발하게 녹는 날도 대관령보다 이천에서의 증가율이 뚜렷하여 수도권 스키장 관리의 어려움이 예상된다.