• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.818-837
• /
• 2023

Understanding adipocyte development in fetus during bovine pregnancy is important for strengthening fattening technology. Additionally, nutritional level of dams during pregnancy has the potential to improve offspring growth and fat development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intramuscular adipocyte development and expression level of related genes in bovine fetus, and the effect of increased crude protein (CP) intake during pregnancy on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of male offspring. Eighty six pregnant Hanwoo cows (average body weight, 551.5 ± 51.3 kg, age 5.29 ± 0.61 y) were used. Fetuses were collected at 90, 180 and 270 d of gestation from 18 pregnant Hanwoo cows. The remaining 68 pregnant cows were randomly assigned to 2 feeding groups. The control (CON) group was provided the standard protein diet (n = 34), and treatment (TRT) group was provided a diet with a 5% increase in CP intake (n = 34). Male offspring were divided into two groups according to protein treatment of the pregnant cows: CON male offspring (CON-O) and TRT male offspring (TRT-O). Intramuscular adipocytes were found in the fetal skeletal muscle after 180 days of gestation. Male calf's birth weight increased in the TRT group compared to that in the CON group (p < 0.002). The final body weight (p < 0.003) and average daily gain (p < 0.019) of male offspring were significantly higher in TRT-O than in CON-O. The feed conversion ratio was also improved by 10.5% in TRT-O compared to that in CON-O (p < 0.026). Carcass weight was significantly higher in the TRT-O group than that in the CON-O group (p < 0.003), and back fat was thicker in the TRT-O group (p = 0.07). The gross receipts and net income were higher in TRT-O than in CON-O (p < 0.04). Thus, fetal intramuscular fat can be formed from the mid-gestation period, and increased CP intake during pregnancy can increase net income by improving the growth and carcass weight of male offspring rather than intramuscular fat.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2012

발정주기와 상관없이 CIDR을 삽입하는 날에 50 mg progesterone, 2.5 mg estradiol benzoate를 근육주사하였다. CIDR 삽입 후 4, 5일에 28 AU FSH (Antorin R10)을 4일 동안 감량법으로 주사하였다. 6, 7회 FSH 주사 후 25 mg, 15 mg $PGF_2{\alpha}$를 각각 주사한 다음, CIDR는 7회 FSH 주사 후 제거하였다. 1회째 $PGF_2{\alpha}$ 주사 후 48시간에 $200{\mu}g$ GnRH를 주사하였다. 공란우는 발정확인 후 12시간 간격으로 3회 인공수정을 실시하였으며, 수정란의 채란은 발정확인 후 7일째 회수하였다. 과배란 처리된 공란우에서 회수된 총 난자수, 이식가능 수정란, 퇴행란 및 미수정란은 각각 $11.6{\pm}7.9$, $5.5{\pm}4.4$, $3.0{\pm}3.3$ 및 $2.6{\pm}4.1$개였다. 1~2산의 공란우($8.9{\pm}1.9$)보다 3~5산의 공란우($14.3{\pm}1.3$)에서 총 난자수가 유의적으로 많았다(P<0.05). 회수된 정상 수정란 수도 3~5산의 공란우($7.3{\pm}0.8$)에서 6산 이상의 공란우($3.7{\pm}1.5$)보다 유의적으로 많았다(P<0.05). 회수된 총 난자수와 정상수정란도 각각 가을($10.1{\pm}1.8$, $4.5{\pm}1.1$)과 겨울($6.3{\pm}1.8$, $3.3{\pm}1.1$)보다 여름($16.4{\pm}2.3$, $8.1{\pm}1.4$)에 유의적으로 많았다(P<0.05). 이식가능 수정란은 겨울($3.0{\pm}1.0$)보다 여름($7.6{\pm}1.3$)에서 유의적으로 많이 회수하였다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 공란우의 산차, 과배란 처리계절은 한우수정란 생산에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.1511-1515
• /
• 2001

A prediction of 305 d milk production from early records using an empirical Bayes method (EBM) was performed. The EBM was compared with the best predicted estimation (BPE), test interval method (TIM), and the linearized Wood's model (LWM). Daily milk yields were obtained from 606 first lactation Japanese Holstein cows in three herds. From each file of 305 daily records, 10 random test day records with an interval of approximately one month were taken. The accuracies of these methods were compared using the absolute difference (AD) and the standard deviation (SD) of the differences between the actual and the estimated 305 d milk production. The results showed that in the early stage of the lactation, EBM was superior in obtaining the prediction with high accuracy. When all the herds were analyzed jointly, the AD during the first 5 test day records were on average 373, 590, 917 and 1,042 kg for EBM, BPE, TIM, and LWM, respectively. Corresponding SD for EBM, BPE, TIM, and LWM were on average 488, 733, 747 and 1,605 kg. When the herds were analyzed separately, the EBM predictions retained high accuracy. When more information on the actual lactation was added to the prediction, TIM and LWM gradually achieved better accuracies. Finally, in the last period of the lactation, the accuracy of both of the methods exceeded EBM and BPM. The AD for the last 2 samples analyzing all the herds jointly were on average 141, 142, 164, and 214 kg for LWM, TIM, EBM, and BPE, respectively. In the current practices of collecting monthly records, early prediction of future milk production may be more accurate using EBM. Alternatively, if enough information of the actual lactation is accumulated, TIM may obtain better accuracy in the latter stage of lactation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.107-111
• /
• 1995

An experiment was conducted at Pabna milkshed area under Bathan condition during November, 1992 to February 1993 with 16 milking cows fed legume forage with straw supplementation (treated group) and 8 milking cows fed legume forage only (control group). From the study, the results revealed that supplementation of straw with leguminous diet increases the total dry matter intake (DMI) of 11.83 kg/d/cow for the treated group and 11.53 kg/d/cow for the control group. The average daily legume forage intake was $37.39{\pm}8.67kg/d/cow$ and $49.62{\pm}10.57kg/d/cow$ for the treated and control group respectively and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The results also exhibited that due to the supplementation of straw, the legume forage intake reduced by 12 kg/d/cow. The forage dry matter intake (DMI) kg/d/cow for the treated and control groups were $6.18{\pm}1.44kg$ and $8.38{\pm}1.95kg$ respectively. The milk production was $8.64{\pm}1.15litre/day$ for the treated group which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group ($7.74{\pm}1.24litre/day$). The average initial body weight of the supplemented and control groups were $338.06{\pm}39.32kg$ and $329.87{\pm}48.03kg$ respectively. Whereas, the final body weight of supplemented group was $344.33{\pm}35.90kg$ and control group was $330.35{\pm}37.28kg$. It may be concluded that straw supplementation with legumes diet could save legume forage for further use as well as increase milk production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.408-415
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of the paper was to compare the fit of data derived from daily automatic milking systems (AMS) and monthly test-day records with the use of lactation curves; data was analysed separately for primiparas and multiparas. Methods: The study was carried out on three Polish Holstein-Friesians (PHF) dairy herds. The farms were equipped with an automatic milking system which provided information on milking performance throughout lactation. Once a month cows were also subjected to test-day milkings (method A4). Most studies described in the literature are based on test-day data; therefore, we aimed to compare models based on both test-day and AMS data to determine which mathematical model (Wood or Wilmink) would be the better fit. Results: Results show that lactation curves constructed from data derived from the AMS were better adjusted to the actual milk yield (MY) data regardless of the lactation number and model. Also, we found that the Wilmink model may be a better fit for modelling the lactation curve of PHF cows milked by an AMS as it had the lowest values of Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, mean square error, the highest coefficient of determination values, and was more accurate in estimating MY than the Wood model. Although both models underestimated peak MY, mean, and total MY, the Wilmink model was closer to the real values. Conclusion: Models of lactation curves may have an economic impact and may be helpful in terms of herd management and decision-making as they assist in forecasting MY at any moment of lactation. Also, data obtained from modelling can help with monitoring milk performance of each cow, diet planning, as well as monitoring the health of the cow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.627-632
• /
• 2002

Genetic parameters for dairy performance traits were estimated, breeding values for the traits of all breeding sires and cows were predicted and the genetic trends were estimated using the breeding values in the Central Cattle Breeding Station (CCBS). A total of 3,801 records for Bangladeshi Local, 756 records for Red Sindhi and 959 records for Sahiwal covering the period from 1961 to 1997 were used in this analysis. Traits considered were total milk production per lactation (TLP), lactation length (LL) and daily milk yield (DMY). The genetic parameters were estimated by the REML using MTDFREML program. The breeding values were predicted by a best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP). In all sets of data, the genetic trends for the dairy performance traits were computed as averages of breeding values for cows born in the particular year. The estimates of heritability for TLP (0.26 and 0.27) and DMY (0.28 and 0.27) were moderate in Bangladeshi local and Red Sindhi breed, respectively. Furthermore, the heritability estimate for LL (0.24) was moderate in Red Sindhi. The estimates of heritabilities for all traits were low in Sahiwal. The repeatability estimate was high for TLP, moderate for LL and moderate to high for DMY. All variances estimated in Bangladeshi Local were low, comparing the respective values estimated in both Red Sindhi and Sahiwal. On the other hand, additive genetic variances for the three traits were estimated very low in Sahiwal. The genetic trends for the three dairy production traits have not been positive except for the recent trend in Bangladeshi Local.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.467-472
• /
• 2004

Eight primiparous Holstein cows, in late lactation (255$\pm$10 days in milk) and yielding 10.3$\pm$1.3 kg/d of 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) were allocated into two groups randomly. Two diets containing 30% wheat straw either untreated (UWS) or treated with Pleurotus ostreatus (FTWS) were offered as total mixed ration (TMR). In vivo digestibility of the diets was determined, using acid insoluble ash as a marker. Daily milk production was recorded and milk samples were collected and analysed. Diet FTWS resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) (12.2$\pm$0.86 vs. 10.6$\pm$1.3), DM digestibility (58.8 vs. 52.3) and milk yield (9 vs. 7.5 kg). Milk fat contents were 34.2 and 35.6 g/liter that did not differ between cows fed treated or untreated straw. However, the concentrations of lactose, solid non fat, total solids and milk protein for diets UWS and FTWS were 57.3 and 54.9, 98.9 and 93.2, 134.5 and 127.4, 35.7 and 32.3 g/l, respectively, which differed significantly (p<0.05). The average body weights gain (BWG) for UWS and FTWS were 272 and 743 g/d, respectively (p<0.05). The FCM yield per kg of DMI was similar (0.68 and 0.67 liter) for the two groups, but BWG/kgDMI was higher in the FTWS diet.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects if ambient temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and temperature-humidity index (THI) on milk production parameters such as milk yield, fat, protein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and lactose. A total of fifty (50) mid-lactating Korean Holstein cows (144 - 150 days postpartum) were randomly assigned to two groups in equal numbers (n = 25) according to the type of diet received: conventional feed, a mixture of 56: 44 ratio of roughage and concentrate mix, and organic feed containing 100% organic roughage. Temperature, RH, and THI were recorded daily and averaged monthly. Conventional group showed higher dry matter intake throughout the experiment and thus, showed higher total milk yield and milk composition such as milk fat, protein, and lactose content than organic milk. Milk of the conventional group showed higher polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration. Highest milk yield was observed in September (21.7℃, 82.4%RH) in conventional group (27.69 kg·day^-1) and in June (21.4℃, 72.9%RH) in organic group (14.31 kg·day^-1). In conventional group, milk yield was positively correlated with Ta and THI, and milk protein was negatively correlated with Ta, RH, and THI. In organic feeding, only the MUN among milk composition parameters showed a significant correlation where it showed a negative correlation with Ta, RH, and THI. Conventional feeding showed significantly higher milk yield, fat, protein, and lactose than organic feeding throughout the experiment, although, organic feeding showed to be less likely affected by Ta, RH, and THI than the conventional feeding.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2002

본 실험에서는 한우에 있어서 PEG를 이용한 FSH의 투여 방법에 따른 과배란 유기 방법 및 수정란 이식의 효율을 조사하였다. 과배란 처리는 대조구를 포함하여 네 그룹으로 나누어 비교 실험하였으며, 대조구는 12시간 간격으로 1일 2회, 4일간 50 mg의 FSH를 근육주사, 처리구 1은 30% PEG에 용해시킨 400 mg의 FSH를 1회 피하주사, 처리구 2는 30% PEG에 용해시킨 200 mg의 FSH를 1회 피하주사, 그리고 처리구 3은 30% PEG에 용해 시킨 200 mg의 FSH를 2회 피하주사하였다. 발정일을 0일로 하여 8~14일째 FSH로 과배란 처리를 하였으며 인공수정은 PGF$_2$$\alpha$ 25 mg 투여 후 48시간과 60시간에 외부적인 발정에 상관없이 실시하였고, 2차 인공수정 후 7일째 비외과적인 방법을 이용하여 난자 또는 수정란을 회수하였으며 황체 수와 총 회수란 수를 조사하고 회수된 수정란을 등급 분류하여 이식 가능한 수정란 수를 조사하였다. 혈중 progesterone과 estradiol-17 $\beta$ 농도는 RIA를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 실험에서 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발정 발현은 대조구 (77.8%)를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 100% 나타났으며 과배란 유기는 대조구에서 77.8%, 처리 1구는 87.5%, 처리 2구는 88.9%, 처리 3구는 100% 이루어졌다. 2. 처리구 1에서 황체수가 평균 19.6개로 확인되었으며, 이는 대조구와 처리구 2, 3의 평균 황체수 11.1, 13.4, 9.6로 비교하였을 때 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높게 나타났다. 그러나 총회수란과 이식 가능한 수정란 수에서는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 총 회수란 수는 대조구와 각 처리구에서 평균 9.1, 10.9, 9.4 그리고 6.9개였고, 이식 가능한 수정란 수는 굉균 5.1, 5.9, 7.3 그리고 4.6개였다. 3. 회수된 난자 또는 수정란의 등급을 분류하였을 때,'Excellent'로 분류되는 수정란의 비율은 처리구 3이 가장 높았으며 처리구 1이 가장 낮았다 (52.1%와 30.3%). 회수된 난자중 'Unfertilized'로 분류되는 난자는 처리구 2에서 가장 낮았다(4.0%).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.255-268
• /
• 2006

한우 암소에 있어서 번식기간을 연장하고 효율성 있는 암소 사양관리를 위하여 실시된 본 연구는 한우 노산암소의 단기비육을 돕는 첨가제로서 Vit. E, Se 및 MGA를 첨가 급여하여 암소의 발육성적을 검토하고, 도살 후 도체품질의 변화 및 도체의 특성을 규명하고자 평균산차 6.5산의 노산암소 24두를 대상으로 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 240일간의 증체성적은 투여구의 일당 증체량이 23.4% 증가하였고, 사료요구율도 대조구의 19.5에 비하여 투여구에서 16.3으로 개선되었다(P<0.05). 비육종료 후의 도체성적에서 육량은 투여구의 배최장근 단면적이 증가하고 등지방 두께가 감소하여 육량지수가 대조구의 63.95에 비하여 투여구에서 66.60으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 도체의 육질에서 근내지방도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 육색도 대조구보다 투여구에서 개선되었다(P<0.05). 등심조직 중의 육색과 일반화학성분, 물리적 특성 및 근섬유 특성은 처리구간의 차이가 없었으나, 체내 항산화 역할과 면역기능 향상에 영향하는 셀레늄 침착량은 유의하게 증가하였고(P<0.05), α-Tocoperol의 함량은 증가하는 경향을 나타내어 육색 안전성에 기여하였음을 시사하였다. 등심조직에 대한 산패도 측정을 위한 TBARS의 농도는 도살 직후부터 2주차의 시험과정동안 유의한 저장성 개선효과가 나타나(P<0.05) 14일째에는 대조구와 투여구가 각각 3.99 및 1.35mg/kg 이었다. 등심조직에 대한 지방산의 조성에서 대조구와 처리구간의 포화지방산, 단일 및 다중 불포화 지방산의 함량의 차이는 인정되지 않았으나 C18:1을 비롯한 불포화 지방산의 함량이 투여구에서 전반적으로 증가하는 현상을 나타내었다. 따라서 노산암소를 단기비육할 때 발정 억제제와 항산화제를 급여하면 증체량 및 육질 개선의 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.