• 이베로아메리카
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.211-254
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• 2011

O presente trabalho pretende explorar a relação entre a língua nacional e a construção da idenidade nacional no Brasil, materializando os enunciados da "Casa-grande & Senzala" de Gilberto Freyre e os discursos cruzados entre Freyre e romancistas. Atualmente, o português brasileiro é uma manifestação mais extensa e mais profunda da alma multiforme da nacionalidade brasileira como a língua é um tópico essencial no processo de constituição da nacionalidade, ao lado da geografia, da história e da étnia. Junto com o português brasileiro, como o idioma oficial do Brasil, tradições, ideias nacionais se difundiam por todos os habitantes dessa comunidade imaginária. Ao invés dos temas clássicos(como a mestiçagem e a história da vida privada) de Gilberto Freyre, neste trabalho, discutimos as interpretações que Gilberto Freyre fez pelo prisma do luso-tropicalismo sobre a língua e a identidade nacional no Brasil, considerando o cruzamento da Casa-grande e da Senzala representadas na estrutura das obras dos romancistas brasileiros.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1997

톡소포자충(ToxopLasmn gondii)은 다양한 항원을 가지고 있으며, 이들 항원의 분석은 세 포매개성 면역반응 및 톡소포자충증의 면역학적 진단방법의 연구에 매우 중요하다 본 연구는 톡소포자충의 여러 단백질중 대부분의 충주(strain)에 존재하는 분자량 30 kDa의 단백질을 단클론 항체를 이용하여 분리한 후. 30 kDa 항원의 면역학적 특성을 초음파 추출 조항원과 비교 평가하였다. 톡소포자충의 세포막 항원으로 면역한 마우스 비장세포와 마우스 Sp2/0-Agl4 골수종세포를 융합하여 8개의 단클론 항체를 Western blot으로 확인하였다 이들 단클론 항체는 높은 특이성을 보였으며, $IgG_{2b}가{\;}5개,{\;}IgG^{1}이{\;}2개,{\;}IgG_{2a}$가 1개였다. 간접형광항체법으로 충체내 위치를 관찰한 결과. 30 kDa 항원은 tachyzoite의 표면 세포막에 주로 분포하였다. 단클론 항체와 CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B를 coupling하여 만든 immunoafrnity chromatography를 이용 하여 30 kDa 항원을 분리하였다. 분리한 30 kDa 항원으로 자극시킨 마우스 복강대식세포의 $NO_2^{-}$ 생산량은 초음파 추출 조항원 사용군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나 대식세포의 탐식능은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 ELISA로 톡소포자충증을 진단시, 톡소포자충 30 kDa 항원 사용군은 조항원 사용군에 비해 민감도의 변화는 없었으나 특이성은 증가하였다 이상으로 보아 톡소포자충 30 kDa 항원은 감염 방어 면역 효과가 있었으며 진단에 이용시 특이성을 더 높일 수 있었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.182-190
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• 1998

DA-3585 is a recombinant human erythropoietin produced by Dong-A pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. using recombinant DNA technique. Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. In this study, we examined acute and subacute toxicity of DA-3585 in rats. DA-3585 was intravenously administered to rats at dose levels of 0, 6,250, 12,500 and 25,000 lU/kg for single dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 0,100,500 and 2,500IU/kg daily for 4 week-repeated dose toxicity study. In the single dose toxicity study, there were no death, clinical signs and changes in body weight gain related to the treatment. Necropsy revealed no evidence of toxicity related to DA-3585, In the repeated dose toxicity study, all the rats survived throughout the study. There were no treatment-related changes in clinical signs, food and water intake, and body weight. Hematological examination showed increases in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and mean corpuscular volume, and decrease in the number of platelet in 500 and 2,500 lU/kg dosed groups. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow were noted as treatment-related histological changes. Toxicologically significant changes were not observed in blood biochemistry, urinalysis, organ weights and in any other examinations. The treatment-related changes observed in this study were hematological or histological changes associated with pharmacological effects of DA-3585. On the basis of the results of this study, LD5n value of DA-3585 was above 25,000 lU/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level was estimated to be 100 lU/kg.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 1998

DA-3585, a biosynthetic recombinant human erythropoietin has been developed as a treatment for anemia associated with chronic renal failure in Dong-A pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. This study was carried out to assess its acute and subacute toxicities in rabbits. DA-3585 was intravenously administered to rabbits at dose levels of 6250, 12500 or 25000 lU/kg for single dose toxicity study and at dose levels of 100, 500 or 2500 lU/kg/day for 4-week repeated dose toxicity study. In the acute toxicity study, dose up to 25000 lU/kg had no adverse effect on the behavior or body weight gain. Pathological examinations revealed no abnormal gross lesions related to DA-3585. In the subacute toxicity study, all animals survived until termination of treatment. DA-3585 had no influence on clinical signs, food and water intake or on body weight changes. Hematological examination showed increases in the number of RBC, hemoglobin contents and hematocrit values with a dose dependent manner in the animals treated with DA-3585. Histopathological examination revealed erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver. The changes detected in the hematological and histopathological examination presumably represent exaggerated pharmacological effects of erythropoietin. The NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect-level) of DA-3585 was estimated to be 100 lU/kg/ day under this study condition.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.281-285
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• 1994

Neutropenia is a major dose-limiting factor in cancer chemotherapy diminishing its usefulness and increase patient's susceptibility to infectious disease. Some recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factors(rhG-CSFs) are in use to reduce the risk of this serious side effect. In this study, we examined the pharmacological properties of DA-3030, a rhG-CSF expressed in E. coli. DA-3030 100 and $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i. v., had no significant effect on the central nervous, gastrointestinal system in mice and cardiovascular system in rabbits, but it slightly inhibited the spontaneous motility of isolated nonpregnant uterus in rats. It also had no influence on excretion of urinary electrolytes. DA-3030 administered for successive 3 days increased the blood WBC count in zymosan air pouch inflammed rats and in normal rats. These results indicate that DA-3030 has little side effects in animals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.236-243
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• 1993

Immunologic potential of DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was investigated using guinea pigs and mice. In antigenicity experiments, guinea pigs were sensitized subcutaneously with DA-125 or DA-125 incorporated in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) once a week for three weeks. No systemic anaphylaxis was induced by intravenous injection of DA-125 or DA-125 incubated with guinea pig serum after 3 weeks from the last sensitization. None of sera of these animals showed any passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction (PCA) when DA-125 or DA-125 incubated with guinea pig serum was used as a challenging antigen in homologous PCA experiment. On the other hand the treatment of guinea pigs with ovalbumin Incorporated in CFA induced systemic anaphylactic reaction when challenged by intravenous injection of 5 mg/body of ovalbumin. Immunodiffusion test revealed no precipitating antibodies as detected in guinea pigs sensitized with DA-125. In 24-hour heterologous PCA reaction with sera of C57BL/6 mice immunized with DA-125 or DA-125 mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum), None of sera showed positive reaction when DA-125 or DA-125 incubated with rat serum was used as a challenging antigen. Sera of animals immunized with a mixture of ovalbumin and alum showed positive PCA reaction when 5 mg/body of ovalbumin was injected as a challenging antigen. In lymphocyte proliferation tests, spleen lymphocyte proliferation to PHA and LPS was similarly impaired by 12 mg/kg of DXR or 36 mg/kg of DA-125, and the immunodepressive activity of DA-125 showed a dose-dependent manner. From these results, it could be concluded that immunosupression of DA-125 would be comparable to that of DXR and that DA-125 would not induce systemic allergic reaction in its clinical use.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1994

This study was conducted to examine DA-3002, a biosynthetic human growth hormone, for its acute and subacute toxicities in mice and rats. The drug was administered subcutaneously and orally at a dose level of 1.0, 3.0, 8.9, 26.7 or 80.0 lU/kg once for single dose toxicity and given subcutaneously at a dose level of 0.34, 1.7 or 8.4 lU/kg daily for 13 weeks to investigate repeated dose toxicity. In the acute toxicity study, doses up to 80 lU/kg had no adverse effect on the behavior or body weight gain. Pathological examinations revealed no abnormal changes which could be attributed to toxic effect of DA-3002. In the subacute toxicity study, the growth hormone was tolerated well in broth mice and rats. No drug related deaths occurred and all animals appeared to be normal throughout the dosing period. Increases in body weight gain, food utilisation and absolute organ weights were observed in the rats in the high dose group. Mild changes in the blood chemical parameters were also seen in the treated groups. Histopathologically, however, no abnormal changes were observed in any organ. The changes noted during the treatment periods presumably represent exaggerated pharmacological effects of the growth hormone, and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be more than 8.4 lu/kg/day.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 1997

Intravenous and oral acute toxicity tests in ICR mice and SD rats and percutaneous acute toxicity tests in SD rats and NZW rabbits were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of DA-5018 and DA-5018 cream, respectively Clinical signs observed in mice and rats after the administration of DA-5018 were similar regardless of administration route. The observed clinical signs were jumping, wild running, lacrimation, ataxia, reddening of extremities and ears, ventral or lateral recumbency, respiratory distress, cyanosis, convulsion and death. Pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhage were observed in the animals died immediately after the dosing of DA-5018. At terminal necropsy, pulmonary enlargement and hemorrhage, corneal opacity and focal scabbing and depilation around nose were seen. LD$_{50}$ Values of DA-5018 are 11.5 mg/kg (mice, male), 12.6 mg/kg (mice, female), 88.3 mg/kg (rat, male) and 73.2 mg/kg (rat, female) in oral toxicity tests and 11.0 mg/kg (mice, male), 18.7 mg/kg (mice, female), 0.12 mg/kg (rat, male) and 0.32 mg/kg (rat, female) in i.v. toxicity tests. In the percutaneous acute toxicity tests of DA-5018 cream, no deaths occured in all the tested groups during 14-day observation period. There were also no abnormalities in the general conditions, body weight changes and on necropsy findings in all groups. LD$_{50}$ values of 0.1 ~0.9% DA-5018 creams in male and female rats and rabbits are >2000 mg/kg./kg.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.353-362
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• 1993

Fibricola seoulensis의 성체와 피낭유충에서 acid(Acpase)와 alkaline phosphatase (AIPase)의 분포와 동위효소유형 (유형)의 변화를 추구하고자 효소조직화학적 방법과 전기영동법을 이용하여 성체에서 Acpase는 pH 5가 최적의 활성이 나타났고. 분자량이 95 kDa. 85 kDa. 73 kDa. 62 kDa인 4종류의 동위효소가 동정되었다. 피낭유충에서 A쳬ase는 활성이 약하거나 나타나지 않았고. 분자량이 62 kDa인 1종류의 동위효소가 동정되었다 성체와 피낭유충에 AIPase는 pH 8에서 최적의 활성이 나타났고, 피낭유충의 생식원기에서 강한 활성이 나타났다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.227-242
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• 1994

The general pharmacological effects of a new anthracycline anticancer agent, DA-125 $[7-0-(2,\;6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-{\alpha}-L-talopyranosyl)-adriamycinone-14-{\beta}-alaninate{\cdot}HCI]$ were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and dogs. Intravenous administration of DA-125 presented no significant effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems of ICR mice except a decrease in the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing response at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In anesthetized rats and dogs, DA-125 produced a transient depression of blood pressure and an increase in heart rate, but did not affect the peripheral blood flow in the isolated ear vessels of rabbits and the mechanical functions of the isolated hearts of guinea pigs. No significant effects were observed on the gastrointestinal functions and the contractilities of smooth muscle preparations obtained from guinea pig trachea, rabbit ileum, pregnant and non-pregnant uterus and vas deferens of rats. DA-125 Increased the contractility of the isolated ileum of guinea pigs in a dose range of $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-9}g/ml$, and also increased, but weaker than adriamycin, the vascular permeability in rat skin. DA-125 had no effect on the kallikrein-induced increase in permeability and the permeability of the visceral organs. DA-125 did not adversely affect the liver function and the blood coagulation system, and did not induce hemolysis in vitro. It is concluded from the results that the general pharmachological effects of DA-125 are similar to or weaker than those of adriamycin, and that little adverse effects are anticipated with a therapeutic dose range.