• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2002

In order to study the range of flight and feeding activity of Anopheles sinensis, the dispersal experiment was conducted in Paju city, located in the northern part of Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, during the period of 7th to 28th September 1998. Unfed females An. sinensis were collected in cowshed and released after being marked with fluorescent dye at 23:00 hours on the same day. Released female mosquitoes were recaptured everyday during 21 days using light traps, which were set at 10 sites in the cowsheds located 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 km north-northwest and north-northeast and at 3 sites located 1, 6 and 9 km toward south-west from the release point. In addition, to study the longest flight distance in one night, we set the light traps at 16 and 20 km toward north-northeast from the release site. All the collected mosquitoes were placed on filter papers and observed on UV transilluminator after treatment with one drop of 100% ethanol. Out of 12,773 females of An. sinensis released, 194 marked females mosquitoes were recaptured, giving 1.52% recapture rate. Of 194, 72 mosquitoes (37 1%) were recaptured in light traps from three places set at 1 km from the release point, 57 mosquitoes (29.4%) from two places at 1-3 km, 41 mosquitoes (21.1%) from three places at 3-6 km, 20 mosquitoes (10.3%) from three places at 6-9 km, and 4 mosquitoes (2.1%) from two places at 9-12 km. Since 170 female mosquitoes (87.6%) out of 194 marked mosquitoes were captured within 6 km from the release point, this flight radius represents the main activity area. An. sinensis was found to be able to fly at least 12 km during one night.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

An oxygenator is a very important artificial organ and widely used for patients with lung failure or during open heart surgery. Although an oxygenator has been widely studied worldwide to enhance its efficiency, studies on oxygenators, in particular when using a pulsatile blood flow, are domestically limited. Therefore, a new oxygenator was developed in the lab and animal experimental results are described in the paper. The oxygenator is composed of polycarbonate housing and polypropylene hollow fibers. It has a total length of 400 mm and a surface area of $1.7 m^2$. The animal experiment lasted for 4 hours. The blood flow rate was set to 2 L/min and a pulsatile blood pump, T-PLS (Twin-Pulse Life Support), was used. Samples were drawn at the oxygenator's inlet and outlet. The total hemoglobin (Hb), saturation oxygen ($sO_2$), and partial oxygen pressure ($pO_2$), partial $CO_2$ pressure ($pCO_2$), and plasma bicarbonate ion concentration ($HCO_3^-$) were measured. The oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates were also calculated based on the experimental data in order to estimate the oxygenator's gas transfer efficiency. The oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates were $16.4{\pm}1.58$ and $165.7{\pm}10.96 mL/min$, respectively. The results showed a higher carbon dioxide transfer rate was achieved with the oxygenator. Also, the mean inlet and outlet blood pressures were 162.79 and 137.92 mmHg, respectively. The oxygenator has a low pressure drop between its inlet and outlet. The aim of own preliminary study was to make a new oxygenator and review its performance when applying a pulsatile blood pump thus, confirming the possibility of a new oxygenator suitable for pulsatile flow.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.425-432
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• 1994

질산 용액중의 우라늄(VI) 환원에 대한 하이드라이진형태 및 티타늄 전극상태 영향을 알기위하여, 질산 및 하이드라이진($N_2$H$_4$) /하이드라이진 양이온($N_2$H$_{5}$$^{＋}$) 용액중의 전기화학적 미-처리 /처리 티타늄 전극에서 우라늄환원에 대한 voltammogram 해석을 수행하였다. 질산 및 하이드라이진 양이온 계를 사용한 전기화학적 미처리 티타늄 전극에서의 우라늄 환원은 그 전극에 존재하는 산화막에 의해 높은 활성화 과전압을 보이며, 하이드라이진에 기인한 질산용액중 수소이온의 소모에 의해 용액전도도의 감소 및 iR 저항의 증가 때문에 하이드라이진의 절대 농도보다는 하이드라이진/질산 농도 비에 의해 영향을 더 받았다. 질산 및 하이드라이진 양이온 계를 사용한 전기화학적 처리 티타늄 전극에서의 우라늄환원 전류는 같은 전위에서 전기화학적 미처리 티타늄전극에 비해 속도론을 해석하기에 충분히 분명하며, 높은 피크를 보였으며 질산에 의해 크게영향을 받았다. 용액중에 하이드라이진 양이온의 존재는 생성된 우라늄(IV)의 재산화 방지를 위해 중요하지만 그 농도는 우라늄 이온의 환원에는 영향을 미치지 않았다.다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

Background: In July 2016, the Infectious diseases society of america and the american thoracic society (IDSA & ATS) published a guideline recommending piperacillin/tazobactam (Pip/Tazo) 18 g/day as the anti-pseudomonal dose for the treatment of pathogenic pneumonia. After the guideline was published, the Pip/Tazo dose used for the treatment of pathogenic pneumonia was changed from 13.5 g/day to 18 g/day in a superior general hospital intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness and safety of the new dose. Methods: Adult patients aged ${\geq}19years$ who were diagnosed with pneumonia in ICU and who received Pip/Tazo for 7 days or more from September 1, 2015 to May 31, 2017 were included in the study. The electronic medical record (EMR) was retrospectively analyzed. Results: At baseline, there was a significant difference between 44 patients treated with 13.5 g/day and 31 patients treated with 18 g/day of Pip/Tazo. The 18 g/day-treatment group comprised more elderly patients than the 13.5 g/day-treatment group (p=0.028). The results of the treatment-effects analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. In case of safety data, there were significant differences in two parameters related to blood count, namely hemoglobin (p=0.016) and platelet count (p=0.011). Conclusion: Based on the significant difference in baseline age, there is a possibility that high-dose Pip/Tazo showed improved therapeutic effect. However, when high-dose Pip/Tazo was used, the blood cell count was found to drop from the reference value more frequently. Therefore, blood cell count should be monitored carefully when high-dose Pip/Tazo is administered.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.167-174
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• 2001

Reflection method using ultrasonic source has been attempted to obtain the information about tunnel lining structures composed of lining, shotcrete, water barrier and voids at the back of lining. In this work, two different types of sources, i.e. single-pulse source and sweep source, can be used. Single-pulse source with short time duration has the frequency content whose amplitudes tend to be concentrated around the dominant frequency, whereas sweep source with long time duration denotes a flat distribution of relatively larger amplitude over a broad frequency band, although the peak to peak amplitude of single-pulse source wavelet is equivalent to that of sweep source one. In traditional seismic application, a single-pulse source(weight drop, dynamite) is typically used. However, to investigate the fine structure, as it is the case in the tunnel lining structure, the sweep wavelet can be also a desirable source waveform primarily due to the higher energy over a broad frequency band. For the investigation purposes of sweep source, a physical modeling is a useful tool, especially to study problems of wave propagation in the fine layered media. The main purpose of this work was using a physical modeling technique to explore the applicability of sweep source to the delineation of inner layer boundaries. To this end, a two-dimensional physical model analogous to the lining structure was built and a special ultrasonic sweep source was devised. The measurements were carried out in the sweep frequency range 10 ∼ 60 KHz, as peformed in the regular reflection survey(e.g. roll-along technique). The measured data were further rearranged with a proper software (cross-correlation). The resulting seismograms(raw data) showed quitely similar features to those from a single-pulse source, in which high frequency content of reflection events could be considerably emphasized, as expected. The data were further processed by using a regular data processing system "FOCUS" and the results(stack section) were well associated with the known model structure. In this context, it is worthy to note that in view of measuring condition the sweep source would be applied to benefit the penetration of high frequency energy into the media and to enhance the resolution of reflection events.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

This study was started to study the buffer zone of Daejeon metropolitan city in order to study the policy and environment for the suitability evaluation of the use of green buffer zone. The target of the study was selected as the buffer zone of western buffer, which is frequently used in the Daejeon Metropolitan City, and a preliminary index was selected to evaluate the suitability of the green buffer zone. AHP analysis was conducted to increase the reliability of the preliminary indicators and the weight was analyzed by questionnaires to experts and practitioners. In addition, based on the existing statistical data, we rebuilt the green buffer zone and investigated the current condition, and compared and analyzed the green buffer zone and the places where they did not. The results are as follow. First, unlike the statute interpretation that construction can not be done in buffered green spaces, green buffer zones have been utilized in various ways. However, the lack of advanced citizen consciousness of the residents, the responsibility of the responsible person, and the problem of the management office alone are causing problems. Second, according to the results of AHP questionnaire analysis, functional and stability among the appropriateness indexes of green buffer zone utilization were evaluated highly. Park accessibility and utilization potential also weighed somewhat, and it was judged that the epochal trend was more important in the use of green buffer zones. Third, analysis of the status of Western green buffer zones in Daejeon showed that the utilization rate was more than half. This suggests the necessity of judging the appropriateness of the application of the green buffer zone effectively due to the change of the perception of the green buffer zone of the residents. Fourth, as a result of comparing and analyzing the site where the site is used and the site where it is not, it is found that it is used within a range that does not greatly affect each index. However, as the stability has decreased, we have decided that the utilization method is most damaging to the green zone, and we should strive to improve the stability in future. Finally, the analysis of a red clay road and a red clay road sites decreased from Class I of stability to Grade II. However, the fall figure showed a difference between the 13 % drop rate of the target location and the 5% decline rate of utilization. The difference was analyzed as the difference of width of a red clay road. This can be regarded as one of the ways of damaging the green zone to the minimum extent, which is a great advantage in selecting the future utilization plan.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.80-99
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• 2016

Objectives : Instrumental chemical analysis was utilized to investigate the effect of Add-Omit-Saenghyeoryunbu-eum(AO-SHU) on diabetic treatment. One of the most exciting, yet also controversial, arguments is the safety and biological mechanisms of the natural medicine on human body. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a better understanding on bioactive chemical components, hazards of heavy metal contamination and biological mechanism of the diabetic medicine composed of 12 different natural herbs. Methods : To study bioactive compound and metallic component in the diabetic medicine in detail, LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass/Mass), GC (Gas Chromatography) and ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) were utilized to characterize the extract of the diabetic medicine and the result was compared with 18 marker substances selected from literature survey. In addition, in vitro assay experiments including GPR 119 activity and human DGAT-1 inhibition, and OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) were performed to verify the effectiveness of this medicine on diabetic treatment. Results : Out of 18 marker substances, 9 bioactive compounds were identified from LC-MS/MS analysis which include Citruline, Catalpol, Berberine, Ginsenoside Rb1, Ginsenoside Rg1, Oleanolic acid, β-Sitosterol, Mangiferin, and Schizandrin. ICP study on 245 residual pesticides revealed that 239 species were not detected but 6 species, Dimethomorph, Trifloxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Isoprocarb, Carbaryl and Flubendiamide, while the amounts are trace levels, below permitted concentrations. The biological activity was observed in vitro assay and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test(OGTT), which are consistent with a preliminary clinical test result, a drop in blood sugar level after taking this herbal medicine. Conclusions : Instrumental chemical analysis using LC-MS/MS, GC, and ICP was conducted successfully to identify bioactive compounds in AO-SHU for the treatment of diabetes, finding 9 bioactive compounds. Furthermore, in vitro assay experiments and OGTT show that AO-SHU has its biological activities, which imply that it can be a candidate for the future diabetes remedy.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1971

신미종(辛味種)고추의 추숙(追熟)에 따른 지질(脂質)의 변화(變化)를 중성지질(中性脂質)과 극성지질(極性脂質)로 분획(分劃)하여 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 중성지질(中性脂質)의 함량(含量)은 cli. stage에서 최저치(最低値)가되고 극성지질(極性脂質)의 함량(含量)은 post-cli. stage에서 격감(激減)하고있다. 2. 중성지질(中性脂質)의 지방산(脂肪酸)으로서 주(主)가 되는 것은 linoleic acid이고 이것은 추숙(追熟)에 따라 점감(漸減)하고 있다. 3. 중성지질(中性脂質) fatty acid의 saturates/unsaturates치(値)가 cli. stage에서 최저(最低)가 되는데, 이것을 중성지질함량(中性脂質含量)도 cli.stage에서 최저(最低)를 가리키는 것과 아울러 생각할때 climacteric rise가중성지질(中性脂質)의 대사(代謝)와 관계(關係)가 있는것 같다. 4. 극성지질(極性脂質)의 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成)은 추숙(追熟)에 따라 linoleic acid가 줄곧 감소(減少)하고 linoleic acid가 증가(增加)하여 cli. stage에서 역전(逆轉)하고 있는데, 이것은 고추의 climacteric rise에 따라 일어나는 막성분(膜成分)의 변화(變化)를 가리키는 한 지표(指標)가 될 수 있을 것 같다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.500-511
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• 2003

모바일 IP 프로토콜에서 핸드오프 동안에 발생하는 패킷 손실 때문에 초래되는 TCP의 성능저하를 방지하기 위해서는 모바일 IP 경로 최적화 확장의 스무스 핸드오프 방식에서 이전 기지국이 핸드오프 동안 손실된 패킷들을 버퍼에 저장하고 저장된 패킷들이 이동한 단말에게 전달되어야 한다. 그러나 이동단말이 새로운 서브 네트워크의 혼잡한 기지국으로 이동한 경우에는, 이전 기지국이 포워딩하는 패킷들은 손실되고 또한 포워딩된 패킷들로 인해 심화된 혼잡으로 기지국 내 이동단말 TCP 플로들의 무선링크이용률 성능이 저하되게 된다. 본 논문에서는 기지국 패킷 버퍼링 방식이 결합된 스무스 핸드오프 방식으로 이동단말이 새로운 서브 네트워크의 혼잡한 기지국으로 이동한 경우, 이전 기지국이 핸드오프 동안 저장한 패킷들을 Priority 패킷으로 표기하고 혼잡한 새로운 기지국의 RED 버퍼 관리 방식에서는 Priority 패킷을 큐 길이 및 혼잡정도에 따른 확률적인 폐기의 대상에서 제외하는 암시적인 패킷 포워딩 우선권 보장 방안을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안하는 암시적인 패킷 포워딩 우선권 보장 방안을 적용하여 모바일 IP 프로토콜의 수정 없이 모바일 네트워크에서 이동단말들의 무선링크이용률 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1197-1204
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• 2018

Objective: The objective was to characterize the fermentative and microbiological profile of Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage with different layers of polyethylene film and storage time. Methods: The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design with four and six wrapping layers (100 and 150 microns in total. respectively) allocated in the main plots, through repeated measures analysis (30, 60, and 90 days of storage) with four replicates. Results: The storage time and number of wrapping layers did not show changes in the population of Clostridium and lactic acid bacteria. A decrease was observed in the enterobacteria population with an increase in the storage period in the two wrapping layers studied. Upon opening of the haylage at 30 days, the population of Bacillus was lower in haylages made with six layers of wrapping (3.63 log colony forming units/g). No growth of Listeria sp. or Salmonella sp. was observed during the experimental period. The fungal genera with a greater occurrence were Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The following mycotoxins were not detected: ochratoxin A, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Relative to the organic butyric, propionic, and acetic acids, the haylages presented a low concentration of lactic acid; this may have prevented a drop in the pH, which was high when the silos were opened (5.4). The levels of ammoniacal nitrogen and soluble carbohydrates presented no variation among the number of wrapping layers, with an overall average of 35.55 and 38.04 g/kg. Conclusion: Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage wrapped with four and six layers presented adequate fermentation and microbiological characteristics in the evaluated periods.