• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.112-127
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• 1987

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission function disorder characterized by fatigue and weakness of voluntary muscles. This muscular weakness is intensified by activity and stress, and improved by the use of anticholinesterase compounds. It was initially described by Erb in 1879 and later named myasthenia gravis by Jolly in 1895. Although the pathogenesis is Known to be an autoimmune related reduction in the number of available acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions, the role of thymus in myasthenia gravis is still unclear and under investigation. Thymectomy in the management of myasthenia gravis has become increasingly important since Dr. Blalock observed in 1939 that some patients with thymic tumors and myasthenia gravis improved following thymectomy. A clinical study of 102 cases of myasthenia gravis was performed at Yonsei University College of Medicine. Seoul, Korea from Jan. 1976 to Jun. 1986. In order to determine which factors are of prognostic significance, attention is focused upon pre-operative patient evaluation, problems in operative and post-operative care, and long-term follow-up observations. The results were as follows: 1. The sex distribution was 67 females and 35 males, the mean age of onset was 28.95*1.69 years, and the maximal incidence occurred between 21 and 40 years of age [56 cases: 54.9%]. 2. Clinical manifestations of ocular symptoms were seen to 70 patients [68.6%] extremities weakness in 33 [32.3%], bulbar weakness in 29 [28.4%], and dyspnea in 13 [12.7%]. 3. Study cases more than two thirds were classified as mild types [MG 1 and MG 11A] and 6 cases as grave [MG 1V] based on the modified Osserman`s classification system, 4. Thymectomy was performed in 19 cases which presented in severe myasthenia symptoms and showed no improvement with cholinergic drugs. Histologic examination of the excised thymus glands revealed no abnormalities in 4 cases, thymic hyperplasia in 5, benign thymoma in 5, and malignant thymoma in 5. 5. Immediate post-operative complications included 2 cases of pneumothorax which were treated by tube thoracostomies, there was no operative mortality. 6. The response to cholinergic drugs in 36 cases younger than 20 years old and in 27 cases older than 40 years was relatively poor, while that in 35 cases between the ages of 21 and 40 years old was good. 7. Thirty of 39 cases in groups IIB, III & IV improved markedly with medical or surgical management while only 16 of 59 cases in the mild groups [I and IIA] improved, almost all surgical cases improved in all categories. 8. There were 5 deaths. occurring between 7 months and 3 years 3 months of treatment of myasthenia gravis. The causes of death were myasthenic crisis in 2 cases, respiratory failure due to candidiasis & radiation pneumonitis in one case, cerebral hemorrhage due to high blood pressure in two case.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2005

근래에 들어 진행된 시추공을 이용한 각종 측정 장비의 개발에 따라 지하정보의 가시화는 중요한 관심의 초점으로 대두되었다. 이를 위해 시추공벽 영상의 모니터링과 동시에 여러 가지 분석틀을 제공할 수 있는 장비가 개발되고 있으나 불량한 암반조건이나 소수의 엔진이어만이 접근할 수 있는 곳에서는 그 장비의 활용이 극히 제한적이다. 그리하여 최소한의 기능만을 보유하고 휴대가 가능한 시추공 카메라가 개발되어 상용화 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 휴대용 시추공 카메라를 이용하여 얻은 지하정보를 토대로 암반 내에 발달해있는 불연속면의 분포를 3차원으로 가시화 하는 수리학적인 형식화 과정과 가시화된 이미지의 해석방법을 제시하고 이에 대한 사례연구로서 두 지역에 적용하였다. 형식화 과정은 3차원 공간좌표에서 불연속면의 방향성분(경사각, 경사방향 및 심도)이 지시한 위치관계를 시추공의 선주향(trend)와 주향경사(plunge)의 변화에 기초하여 고찰함을 의미하며, 그 결과 일련의 조건식을 유도한다. 두 지역에 대한 사례연구를 통해, 본 연구에서 제시한 가시화 기법이 국지적인 불연속면의 분포가 중요한 경우 지반공학적(geotechnical)으로 유용한 수단이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.429-449
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• 1992

The consumption of foods rich in TDF should not be associated with impaired mineral absorp-tion and long-term mineral status. In surveys of populations consuming high amounts of TDF e.g Third World populations and vegetarinas gross deficiencies in mineral nutrition have not been noted. If mineral status is low among these groups it is most likely caused by the inadequacy or imbalance of the diet and not by the TDF. The key word is interaction which should be inte-rpreted in dietary imbalances that produce nut-rient deficiencies. There are no strong data to support the concept that TDF inhibits mineral absorption through a binding chelation mechanism. Limited data sug-gest that positively charged groups on polymers such as chitosan and cholestyramine will decrease iron absorption in humans and animals. Because TDF does not contain positively charged groups future research should be directed at the possible role of protein consumed along with TDF and the combination of effects on mineral nutrition Phytic acid is acknowledged as a potent chela-tor of zinc. However its association with zinc and its propensity to lower Zn bioavaiability may enhance the absorption of other elements notably copper and iron. The importance of interactions among nutrients including TDF will gain addi-tional attention in the scientific community. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber function di-fferently in the intestine. Insoluble fibers accele-rate movement through the intestine. Soluble die-tary fibers appear to regulated blood concentra-tions of glucose and cholesterol albeit by some unknown mechanism. In creased viscosity produ-ced by the SDF in the intestine may provide an explanation of how this class of polymers affects plasma glucose cholesterol and other nutrients. Employing a double-perfusion technique in the rat we demonstrated that viscosity produced by SDF will delay transfer of zinc into the circulatory system. This delayed absorption should not be interpreted as decreased utilization. A great deal of additional research is required to prove the importance of luminaly viscosity produced by SDF on slowing nutrient absorption or regulating bllod nutrient homeostasis. Increased intake of TDF in the total human diet appears desirable. A dietary intake of 35g/day should not be considered to have a negative effect on mineral absorption. It is important to educate people that an intake of more than 35g TDF/day may cause an imbalance in the diet that can adve-rsely affect mineral utilization. Acknowledgments. Appreciation is given to Dr. George V. Vahouny(deceased) who was intense a great competitor in and out of science and who gave the author inspiration Portions of this work were supported by the University of Missouri Ag-ricultural Station and by a grant from the Univer-rch Support Grant RR 07053 from the National Institutes of Health. Contribution of the Missouri Agriculatural Experiments Station Journal Series No. 10747.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.253-258
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• 2006

본 연구는 우리나라 RCC/RSC의 효율성을 2개의 입력변수와 5개의 출력변수를 자료를 토대로 퍼지 DEA를 이용하여 측정 평가하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 해양사고 발생자료 뿐만 아니라 환경스트레스치에 의한 잠재적 해양사고 발생가능 자료도 고려하여 운영효율성을 분석하였다. 한편, 현실자료에는 수많은 애매성이 존재하기 때문에 본 연구에서는 DEA법에 퍼지이론을 이용한 퍼지 DEA 법을 이용하였다. 이 퍼지 DEA법은 ${\alpha}-cut$ 을 기반으로 한 크리습 선형계획문제로 변환된 것으로 입/출력 변수를 삼각형 퍼지수로 하여 해를 산출하는 방법을 제안하였고, 제안된 퍼지 DEA를 이용하여 퍼지 RCC/RSC의 순위를 결정하였다. ${\alpha}-cut$를 0.5 로 하여 효율성을 산출한 결과 YS, BS, MP, TS, JJ, PH, US, IC, SC, DH, GS, TA, WD RCC/RSC 순으로 효율성 이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 효율성이 비교적 낮게 평가된TA, WD RCC/RSC는 효율성이 높은 준거집단을 참조하여 벤치마킹을 해야할 필요가 있다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국멀티미디어학회 1998년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.149-154
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 월드와이드웹상에서 3차원 인터페이스를 기술하는 표준 사양인 VRML과 자바의 EAI(External Authoring Interface)를 통하여 사용자 간에 발생하는 상호작용들을 동기화 시키는 방법을 소개한다. 제시한 방법에서는 별도의 독립적인 응용프로그램을 작성하거나 동기화를 위하여 확장된 VRML을 사용할 필요없이 웹브라우저와 바로 호환하여 사용할 수 있으며 기존의 방대한 웹문서와 연계가 쉬우므로 범용적인 자료구축이 가능하다. 하지만, 가장 최근의 VRML97에서조차도 VRML이 제시하는 가상공간 다중 사용자 환경의 지원은 아직 미비하다. 더 이상 단순히 3차원 월드를 탐험하는 시기는 지났으며, 같은 공간상에서 혼자가 아닌 여럿이 함께 하는 다중 사용자 환경을 제공해야 할 것이다. 이에 자바의 네트웍 기능과 가상공간의 외부에서 동적으로 월드를 제어할 수 있는 EAI를 이용하여 부족했던 다중 사용자 환경을 지원함으로써 가상 공간 시스템을 구축할 수 있다. 그러나, 가상 공간에서 일어나는 이벤트는 단지 동일 브라우저에서만 유효하기 때문에 다른 사용자에게 전달할 때는 이벤트를 원격지의 이벤트와 연동하기 위하여 다른 방법이 필요하다. 사용자 상호작용 시스템에 있어서 이러한 이벤트를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소는 아바타의 행동양식(avatar's behavior)이라 할 수 있다. 가상 공간에서 일어나는 이벤트의 대부분이 사용자에 의해서 발생되는 것들이다. 즉, 아바타의 행위에 따라서 사용자 서로 간에 상호작용이 일어나게 되며 이들 이벤트를 서로 동기화 함으로써 실시간 3차원 상호작용 시스템을 구현한다. 이렇게 구현된 시스템을 구현한다. 이렇게 구현된 시스템은 전자 상거래, 가상 쇼핑몰, 가상 전시화, 또는 3차원 게임이나 가상교육 시스템과 같은 웹기반 응용프로그램에 사용될 수 있다.물을 보존·관리하는 것이 필요하다. 이는 도서관의 기능만으로는 감당하기 어렵기 때문에 대학정보화의 센터로서의 도서관과 공공기록물 전문 담당자로서의 대학아카이브즈가 함께 하여 대학의 공식적인 직무 관련 업무를 원활하게 지원하고, 그럼으로써 양 기관의 위상을 높이는 상승효과를 낼 수 있다.하여는, 인쇄된 일차적 정보자료의 검색방법등을 개선하고, 나아가서는 법령과 판례정보를 위한 효율적인 시스템을 구축하며, 뿐만 아니라 이용자의 요구에 충분히 대처할 수 잇는 도서관으로 변화되는 것이다. 이와 함께 가장 중요한 것은 법과대학과 사법연수원에서 법학 연구방법에 관한 강좌를 개설하여 각종 법률정보원의 활용 내지 도서관 이용방법에 관하여 교육하는 것이다.글을 연구하고, 그 결과에 의존하여서 우리의 실제의 생활에 사용하는 $\boxDr$한국어사전$\boxUl$등을 만드는 과정에서, 어떤 의미에서 실험되었다고 말할 수가 있는 언어과학의 연구의 결과에 의존하여서 수행되는 철학적인 작업이다. 여기에서는 하나의 철학적인 연구의 시작으로 받아들여지는 이 의미분석의 문제를 반성하여 본다. 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.크기에 의존하며, 또한 이러한 영향은 $(Ti_{1-x}AI_{x})N$ 피막에 존재하는 AI의 함량이 높고, 초기에 증착된 막의 업자 크기가 작을 수록 클 것으로 여겨진다. 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

One of the reasons to causing blood coagulation in the tissue of xenografted organs was known to incompatibility of the blood coagulation and anti-coagulation regulatory system between TG pigs and primates. Thus, overexpression of human CD73 (hCD73) in the pig endothelial cells is considered as a method to reduce coagulopathy after pig-to-non-human-primate xenotransplantation. This study was performed to produce and breed transgenic pigs expressing hCD73 for the studies immune rejection responses and could provide a successful application of xenotransplantation. The transgenic cells were constructed an hCD73 expression vector under control porcine Icam2 promoter (pIcam2-hCD73) and established donor cell lines expressing hCD73. The numbers of transferred reconstructed embryos were $127{\pm}18.9$. The pregnancy and delivery rate of surrogates were 8/18 (44%) and 3/18 (16%). The total number of delivered cloned pigs were 10 (2 alive, 7 mummy, and 1 died after birth). Among them, three live hCD73-pigs were successfully delivered by Caesarean section, but one was dead after birth. The two hCD73 TG cloned pigs had normal reproductive ability. They mated with wild type (WT) MGH (Massachusetts General Hospital) female sows and produced totally 16 piglets. Among them, 5 piglets were identified as hCD73 TG pigs. In conclusion, we successfully generated the hCD73 transgenic cloned pigs and produced their litters by natural mating. It can be possible to use a mate for the production of multiple transgenic pigs such as ${\alpha}-1,3-galactosyltransferase$ knock-out /hCD46 for xenotransplantation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1299-1303
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• 2001

For the Exp. 1, a total of fifty four crossbred [(Duroc Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs ($77.67{\pm}1.42kg$ average initial BW) were used in a 41-d growth assay to determine the effects of yucca extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum characteristics of finishing pigs. Dietary treatments included 1) Control (basal diet), 2) YE60 (basal diet+60 ppm yucca extract), 3) YE120 (basal diet+120 ppm yucca extract). Average daily gain was not improved by yucca extract supplementation during the whole experimental perid (d 0 to 41). Pigs fed control diet showed the best average daily gain. Pigs fed control and YE120 diets tended to increase average daily feed intake compared with pigs fed YE60 diet (quadratic effect, p<0.0001). Gain/feed with control treatment was significantly better than the YE groups (linear effect, p<0.071). However, there was no significant difference among levels of yucca extract (p>0.10). Apparent digestibility of dry matter in pigs fed yucca extract were greater than for pigs fed control diets (linear effect, p<0.017). Pigs fed YE120 tended to have higher digestibility of nitrogen than pigs fed the control diets (linear effect, p<0.019). There were no significant differences in Total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations of serum, and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations in serum was not influenced by the yucca extract supplementation (p>0.10). For the Exp. 2, fifteen [(Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace] pigs ($25.00{\pm}0.50kg$ average initial BW) were used in a 30-d metabolism experiment to determine the effects of yucca extract supplementation on fecal ammonia gas production. Treatments were : 1) Control (basal diet); 2) YE (basal diet+150 ppm yucca extract); 3) BD (basal diet+100 ppm Bio-Dr; yucca extract+far infrared emitted materials). Fecal ammonia gas production differences between d 0 and d 30 were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by feeding BD compared to control and YE. Also, when pigs were fed the diet with YE tended to be decreased ammonia gas production compared to pigs fed the control diet without significant differences (p>0.05). There were no differences for DM and N digestibility among pigs fed the treatment diets. In conclusion, yucca and (or) far infrared radiological materials can be used to make environment-friendly diets for growing-finishing pigs without negative effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제7호
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• pp.165-188
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• 2009

In the development of linear perspective, Brook Taylor's theory has achieved a special position. With his method described in Linear Perspective(1715) and New Principles of Linear Perspective(1719), the subject of linear perspective became a generalized and abstract theory rather than a practical method for painters. He is known to be the first who used the term 'vanishing point'. Although a similar concept has been used form the early stage of Renaissance linear perspective, he developed a new method of British perspective technique of measure points based on the concept of 'vanishing points'. In the 15th and 16th century linear perspective, pictorial space is considered as independent space detached from the outer world. Albertian method of linear perspective is to construct a pavement on the picture in accordance with the centric point where the centric ray of the visual pyramid strikes the picture plane. Comparison to this traditional method, Taylor established the concent of a vanishing point (and a vanishing line), namely, the point (and the line) where a line (and a plane) through the eye point parallel to the considered line (and the plane) meets the picture plane. In the traditional situation like in Albertian method, the picture plane was assumed to be vertical and the center of the picture usually corresponded with the vanishing point. On the other hand, Taylor emphasized the role of vanishing points, and as a result, his method entered the domain of projective geometry rather than Euclidean geometry. For Taylor's theory was highly abstract and difficult to apply for the practitioners, there appeared many perspective treatises based on his theory in England since 1740s. Joshua Kirby's Dr. Brook Taylor's Method of Perspective Made Easy, Both in Theory and Practice(1754) was one of the most popular treatises among these posterior writings. As a well-known painter of the 18th century English society and perspective professor of the St. Martin's Lane Academy, Kirby tried to bridge the gap between the practice of the artists and the mathematical theory of Taylor. Trying to ease the common readers into Taylor's method, Kirby somehow abbreviated and even omitted several crucial parts of Taylor's ideas, especially concerning to the inverse problems of perspective projection. Taylor's theory and Kirby's handbook reveal us that the development of linear perspective in European society entered a transitional phase in the 18th century. In the European tradition, linear perspective means a representational system to indicated the three-dimensional nature of space and the image of objects on the two-dimensional surface, using the central projection method. However, Taylor and following scholars converted linear perspective as a complete mathematical and abstract theory. Such a development was also due to concern and interest of contemporary artists toward new visions of infinite space and kaleidoscopic phenomena of visual perception.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2011

Methyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether 그리고 isobutyl vinyl ether 등의 alkyl vinyl ether는 화학 및 의약산업에서 용매와 합성중간체로 널리 사용된다. 최근 들어 alkyl vinyl ether는 고분자 전해질막 연료 전지에 대한 원료와 셀룰로오스의 염색가공에 선호되나, 공정 및 운전변수의 최적화를 위한 alkyl vinyl ether계의 혼합물성은 극히 일부가 보고되고 있고, propyl vinyl ether(PVE)에 대한 상평형과 물성 데이터는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 {PVE + ethanol + benzene} 삼성분계 333.15 K에서 기액평형을 headspace gas chromatography (HSGC)을 이용하여 측정하였고 Wilson, NRTL 및 UNIQUAC 식에 상관시켰다. 또한 삼성분계를 구성하는 혼합물성으로써 {PVE + ethanol}, {ethanol + benzene} 그리고 {PVE + benzene}계에 대한 과잉부피($V^E$) 및 굴절율 편차(${\Delta}R$)를 303.15 K에서 측정하였다. 측정된 이성분계 혼합물성은 Redlich-Kister 다항식을 이용하여 매개변수를 상관시켰으며, 이를 이용하여 Radojkovi 식으로 삼성분계 혼합물성을 예측하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2016

Lectins belong to the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) class and play important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate immune system. Recently, it was reported that lily-type lectin-1 is involved when a pathogen attacks in the early immune response of fish. However, this study is limited to information that the lectin is involved in the innate immune response against viral infection. In the present study, the lily-type lectin-2 and -3 of Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfLTL-2 and 3) have been presented to be included B-lectin domain and two D-mannose binding sites in the amino acid sequence that an important feature for the fundamental structure. To investigate the functional properties of OfLTLs, the tissue distribution in the healthy rock bream and temporal expression during early developmental stage analysis are performed using quantitative real-time PCR. OfLTL-2 and 3 are predominantly expressed in the liver and skin, but rarely expressed in other organ. Also, the transcripts of OfLTLs are not expressed during the early developmental stage but its transcripts are increased after immune-related organs which are fully formed. In the challenge experiment with RBIV (rock bream iridovirus), the expression of OfLTLs was increased much more strongly in the late response than the early, unlike previously known. These results suggest that OfLTLs are specifically expressed in the immune-related tissues when those organs are fully formed and it can be inferred that the more intensively involved in the second half to the virus infection.