• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1394-1399
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• 2014

Quality characteristics of radish treated with red clay-processed materials (RCPM) were investigated. Two different types of treatments using RCPM including a control were farm-raised in identical environments. General components, texture, nutrients, and antioxidant activities were performed. For general components analysis, total amounts of crude fat and ash were higher in radish treated with RCPM than in control. RCPM-treated radish showed higher contents of minerals (P, Mg, K, Zn, Mn, and Na) and vitamins (vitamin C, thiamin, and riboflavin) than those of control. RCPM-treated radish exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activities and total polyphenol contents than those of control, indicating higher antioxidant activities of radish raised by RCPM. In the textural analysis following refrigeration for 4 weeks, RCPM-treated samples showed a more stable texture and higher hardness values than those of control. Therefore, these results indicate that RCPM can be used to produce high-value radish of premium quality.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2015

In this study, a Yanggaeng with added loquat fruits puree was developed and studied on quality characteristics. The mixed ratio were 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% of loquat fruits puree. Loquat fruits puree have 83.49% of water, 0.36% of crude protein, 0.04% of crude fat, 0.46% of crude ash, $14.3^{\circ}Brix$ of sweetness, 75.10(mg/kg) of polyphenol and 4.01 of pH. The water contents of Yanggaeng were 41.78~53.37%, and showed significant increase (p<0.001). The sugar contents of Yanggaeng were increased from $28.7^{\circ}Brix$ at control group to $36.0^{\circ}Brix$ at 100% mixing group (p<0.001), while pH were decreased from 6.4 at control group to 4.26 to 6.4 at 100% mixing group. In color, the brightness (L-value) gradually decreased from 72.69 at control group to 43.64 at 100% mixing group (p<0.001), the redness (a-value) of control group was the lowest by -1.72 while 100% mixing group was the highest by 8.64 (p<0.001). The yellowness (b-value) of control group was 15.91 while that of 100% mixing group was 21.98 (p<0.001). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of control group was the lowest by 9.24% while that of the group 100% mixing was the highest by 46.17%. Total polyphenol was not detected from control group and 20% mixing groups, and 100% mixing group was The highest by 16.69 mg/100 g (p<0.001). Preference test showed the groups with mixing loquat fruits puree 60% or more were preferred (p<0.001) in color. There were no significant difference from sweet taste but sour taste of 100% mixing group was The highest by 4.85 (p<0.01). For texture and overall preference the most preferred groups were the groups of mixing of 60% and 80% of loquat fruits puree.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.39-57
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of Kyejakjimotangkami(KMK) on osteoarthritis. Methods We checked antioxidant activity and measured production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cell after treat by KMK. Then we measured hind paw weight of Wister Rat with arthritis induced by MIA after KMK oral administration, checked Prostaglandin E2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, Osteocalcin, TIMP-1, MMP-9, LTB-4 in serum, ran histopathological test and ${\mu}CT$-arthrography. Results 1. DPPH radical Scavenging was increased depend on concentration of KMK ethanol extract in RAW 264.7 cell. 2. Production of NO was significantly decreased by KMK ethanol extract on concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$ in RAW 264.7 cell. 3. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$ was significantly decreased by KMK ethanol extract on concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. And Production of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly decreased KMK ethanol extract of every concentration in RAW 264.7 cell. 4. Result of checking hind paw weight when administered KMK ethanol extract to Wister Rat with arthritis induced by MIA was significantly higher than control group and similar to normal group. 5. Production of Prostaglandin E2, IL-$1{\beta}$, Osteocalcin, TIMP-1, MMP-9 and LTB-4 in serum was significantly decreased by KMK ethanol extract after administerd to Wister Rat with arthritis induced by MIA. 6. In Hematoxylin & Eosin staining and Safranin-O staining, we could find inflammation of synovial cell, infiltration of macrophage and granulocyte and degeneration of cartilage and bone were decreased in comparison with control group. 7. When checked cartilage volume to examine degree of cartilage degeneration using ${\mu}CT$-arthrography, volume of cartilage was increased in comparison with control group. Conclusions Comparison of the results for this study showed that KMK ethanol extract have anti-inflammatory effectiveness and can protect cartilage and bone. So we expect that KMK can be used as a effective drugs for osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1190-1195
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• 2008

Effect of electron beam irradiation on various physiological property changes of the ethanol extract from the cooking drips of Enteroctopus dofleini was investigated. The Hunter's color values of extract were increased with increasing irradiation doses. The radical scavenging activity of the extract was increased depending on the irradiation dose. The inhibitory activities against tyrosinase and angiotensin I converting enzyme were also increased with irradiation dose. It was also shown that the contents of proteins and polyphenols were increased by the irradiation. It was reasoned that the antioxidant activities were increased by proteins modified by the irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.538-546
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality characteristics of Korean domestic commercial white wines. Four sample wines were analyzed in terms of their pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, alcohol content, soluble solid, free $SO_2$, total $SO_2$, color, free sugar content, organic acid, volatile compounds, total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and sensory characteristics. The pH of wines ranged from 3.06 to 3.76 and their total acidity from 0.43 to 0.83% (v/v). The alcohol content of samples ranged from 9.4 to 12.8% (v/v) and their soluble solid contents from 9.9 to $12.3^{\circ}Brix$. The free $SO_2$ and total $SO_2$ contents of the W1 wine were lower than those of the other wines, while the color intensity, a (redness) and b (yellowness) of W1 wine were higher than the values of the other wines. The malic acid contents of the four wines indicated that complete malolactic fermentation (MLF) occurred in W1, incomplete MLF in W3, and was absent in W2 and W4. Aroma analysis resulted in identification of 10 alcohols, 11 esters, 2 ketones and 6 miscellaneous compounds. 2,3-Epoxybutane and 1-(ethenyloxy)-pentane levels in were significantly higher W1 than the other wines, while several types of ester predominated in W2, W3 and W4. W1 had the lowest sensory score among the four wines. Therefore, the quality characteristics of domestic white wines are considered to be acceptable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2017

Water stress obstructs rice growth mainly by oxidative damage in biological cells to cause a reduction of leaf photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. In this study, exogenous application of vanillic acid (VA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to improve drought tolerance of two Oryza sativa cultivars, Q2 and Q8 was tested. The drought evaluation based on leaf phenotypes to show that both Q2 and Q8 resulted in remarkable water-stress tolerance induced by leaf spraying pretreatment of mixed solution of $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$. The mixtures of $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treated on Q2 and Q8 in water deficit condition also indicated that total phenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly greater their controls. In general, the accumulation of individual phenolic acids was increased in exogenous phenolic treatments, as compared with controls. Particularly, Q2 obtained a considerable amount of endogenous PHBA after application of $50{\mu}M\;VA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ (0.18 mg/g DW, 0.71 mg/g DW, and 1.41 mg/g DW, respectively); and a negligible content of VA (0.003 mg/g DW) appeared uniquely in the treatment of $50{\mu}M\;VA$. Similarly, Q8 also absorbed a significant quantity of PHBA in $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treatments (0.15 mg/g DW, 0.15 mg/g DW, and 0.22 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, the spraying $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ on Q8 leaves induced similar amount of drought tolerance of Q2 and Q8 were improved, paralleled with the increased amounts of endogenous phenolics revealed that VA and PHBA played an important role to enhance drought tolerance in rice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2017

Water stress obstructs rice growth mainly by oxidative damage in biological cells to cause a reduction of leaf photosynthesis and evapotranspiration processes. In this study, exogenous application of vanillic acid (VA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to improve drought tolerance of two Oryza sativa cultivars, Q2 and Q8 was tested. The drought evaluation based on leaf phenotypes to show that both Q2 and Q8 resulted in remarkable water-stress tolerance induced by leaf spraying pretreatment of mixed solution of $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$. The mixtures of $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treated on Q2 and Q8 in water deficit condition also indicated that total phenols, total flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly greater their controls. In general, the accumulation of individual phenolic acids was increased in exogenous phenolic treatments, as compared with controls. Particularly, Q2 obtained a considerable amount of endogenous PHBA after application of $50{\mu}M\;VA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ (0.18 mg/g DW, 0.71 mg/g DW, and 1.41 mg/g DW, respectively); and a negligible content of VA (0.003 mg/g DW) appeared uniquely in the treatment of $50{\mu}M\;VA$. Similarly, Q8 also absorbed a significant quantity of PHBA in $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$, $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$, and $50{\mu}M\;VA+50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ treatments (0.15 mg/g DW, 0.15 mg/g DW, and 0.22 mg/g DW, respectively). In addition, the spraying $50{\mu}M\;PHBA$ and $25{\mu}M\;VA+25{\mu}M\;PHBA$ on Q8 leaves induced similar amount of VA (0.04 mg/g DW). Meanwhile, there were no trace of VA and PHBA found in controls. The levels of drought tolerance of Q2 and Q8 were improved, paralleled with the increased amounts of endogenous phenolics revealed that VA and PHBA played an important role to enhance drought tolerance in rice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.554-566
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• 2008

Objectives : Modified Gamgil-tang is a prescription commonly used for respiratory diseases. This thesis was carried out to check the treatment effects and diversity of drug formulation by comparing extraction method of ethanol and water of modified Gamgil-tang. Methods : All experiments were carried out with water and 50% ethanol extraction for comparison. In vivo experiment, hyaluronidase inhibitory effects and trypsin inhibitory effects were tested to measure the anti-inflammatory effects activity. Scavenging effects of DPPH free radical, xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects and inhibition on TBA-RS formation were experimented to measure anti-oxidative effects. With the in vivo experiment, ICR group mice and SD group rats were used as experimental animals. An anti-inflammatory effects experiment were carried out to measure the action on carrageenin-induced hind paw edema: analgesic effects were measured using writhing syndrome induced by 0.7% acetic acid in mice: antipyretic effect was measured using endotoxin, and inhibitory effects of increase vascular permeability induced by 0.5% histamine were measured. Results : For extraction of glycyrrhizin contents, ethanol extract was extracted 2 times of that of water extract. Anti-inflammatory effects showed high in ethanol extract. Anti-oxidative effects measured high in ethanol extract. No significant result was found in inhibition on TBA-RS formation. Analgesic effects were found to be similar in water and ethanol extract. Antipyretic effects were found to be stronger in water extract. Inhibitory effects of increase vascular permeability induced by 0.5% histamine showed stronger in ethanol extract. Conclusion : By measuring anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, antipyretic effects, anti-oxidative effects, and histamine permeation inhibition effects both in water extract and ethanol extract after adding agents such as Mentha Herba, Gardenias Fructus, and propolis to existing Gamgil-Tang, ethanol extract was found to be more effective in anti-inflammatory effects, analgesic effects, anti-oxidative effects, and histamine permeation inhibition effects. The converse was found for antipyretic effect.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

In this study red ginseng was extracted with ethanol and then fermented by yeasts including Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum. Fermented red ginseng extracts(FRGE) were found to be more effective antioxidants in vitro with regards to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity than red ginseng extracts(RGE). In FRGE, the contents of ginsenosides $Rb_1$, $-Rb_2$ and -Rc were much lower than in RGE, however, the contents of ginsenosides 20(S)$-Rg_3$, 20(R)$-Rg_3$ and compound K were higher than RGE. FRGE was added to Yanggaeng(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%), and physicochemical and sensory evaluations of the Yanggaeng were conducted. The L and b values of Yanggaeng with added FRGE were decreased by increasing the ratio of FRGE, while the a value was increased. Sensory evaluations for, taste, color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of Yanggaeng with addition of FRGE (10%) were applicable for improving the Yanggaeng product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.822-828
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• 2014

Allium sacculiferum Max. (ASM) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family and grows over the entire regions of Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and has currently become a prevalent chronic disease. Adipocytes produced by preadipocyte differentiation during adipogenesis and adipocytes combined with abnormal accumulation cause obesity. Recently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to accelerate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASM methanol extracts on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ASM methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. ASM methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, ASM methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of both pro-oxidant enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$. Our results suggest that ASM methanol extracts inhibit ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulatory genes and adipogenic transcription factors. Thus, ASM has potent natural antioxidant, anti-adipogenic properties and have potential in the development of a potent anti-obesity agent.