• Title/Summary/Keyword: DO Depletion

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Inhibition of Myoblast Differentiation by Polyamine Depletion with Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)

  • Cho, Hwa-Jeong;Kim, Byeong-Gee;Kim, Han-Do;Kang, Ho-Sung;Kim, Chong-Rak
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 1995
  • The role of polyamines in skeletal myoblast differentiation was investigated using the polyamine metabolic inhibitor methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)(MGBG). Concentrations of intracellular free spermidine and spermine increased 2 to 2.5-fold at the onset of myoblast fusion. The systhesis of actin, and creatine kinase activity both dramatically increased during myotube formation. However, MGBG at a concentration of 0.5 mM not only abolished the increase of intracellular free polyamines, but also reduced cell fusion to almost half the level of untreated cells, without noticeable morphological alteration. The production of actin, and creatine kinase activity were almost completely abolished by MGBG. The inhibition of myoblast fusion by MGBG was partially recovered with 0.1 mM of spermidine or spermine added externally. Results indicate that polyamines are necessary for normal myoblast differentiation. Since the first indication of myoblast differentiation is alignment of muscle cells and membrane fusion of adjacent cells, and since polyamine depletion completely inhibited the synthesis of actin, which might be associted with membranes, polyamine might be involved in myoblast differentiation through membrane reorganization events.

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Life Cycle Assessment and Eco-efficiency Analysis for the Resource-circulation Network of Waste Heat Generated from Industrial Process (공정폐열의 자원순환 네트워크 구성을 위한 전과정 평가 및 생태효율성 분석)

  • Shin, Choon-Hwan;Park, Do-Hyun;Kim, Ji-Won
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.281-289
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    • 2013
  • For the purpose of evaluating the eco-efficiency(EE) on surplus heat generated from industrial process, techniques of life cycle assessment are adopted in this study. Because it can be indicated both environmental impacts and economic benefits, EE is well known as a useful tool for symbiosis network on the sustainable development of new projects and businesses. To evaluate environmental impacts, the categories were divided into two areas of resource depletion and global warming potential. It can be seen that environmental impact increased a little but much higher economic benefit on the company, environmental performance and economic value were improved on the apartment by the district heating, respectively. In result, eco-industrial park(EIP) project on surplus heat should be found sustainable new business because the EE was in the area of fully positively eco-efficiency and, moreover resource depletion was taken place than the reduction of greenhouse gas.

Thermal-hydraulic study of air-cooled passive decay heat removal system for APR+ under extended station blackout

  • Kim, Do Yun;NO, Hee Cheon;Yoon, Ho Joon;Lim, Sang Gyu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.60-72
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    • 2019
  • The air-cooled passive decay heat removal system (APDHR) was proposed to provide the ultimate heat sink for non-LOCA accidents. The APDHR is a modified one of Passive Auxiliary Feed-water system (PAFS) installed in APR+. The PAFS has a heat exchanger in the Passive Condensate Cooling Tank (PCCT) and can remove decay heat for 8 h. After that, the heat transfer rate through the PAFS drastically decreases because the heat transfer condition changes from water to air. The APDHR with a vertical heat exchanger in PCCT will be able to remove the decay heat by air if it has sufficient natural convection in PCCT. We conducted the thermal-hydraulic simulation by the MARS code to investigate the behavior of the APR + selected as a reference plant for the simulation. The simulation contains two phases based on water depletion: the early phase and the late phase. In the early phase, the volume of water in PCCT was determined to avoid the water depletion in three days after shutdown. In the late phase, when the number of the HXs is greater than 4089 per PCCT, the MARS simulation confirmed the long-term cooling by air is possible under extended Station Blackout (SBO).

Change of Groundwater-Streamflow Interaction according to Groundwater ion in a Green House Land (비닐하우스 지역의 지하수 양수에 따른 지하수-하천수 상호 유동 변화 분석)

  • Kim, Nam Won;Lee, Jeong Woo;Chung, Il Moon;Kim, Chang Hwan
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.45 no.10
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    • pp.1051-1067
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    • 2012
  • Increased use of water curtain facilities to keep green house warm during winter cultivation has been known to cause excessive groundwater ion which might lead to decline of groundwater level, resulting in streamflow depletion. Therefore it is required to quantitatively assess the effects of groundwater ion on the streamflow depletion such as magnitude and extent. The objective of this study is to assess the change of stream-aquifer interaction according to groundwater ion near stream. To this end, a green house cultivation land in Sooha-ri, Sindun-myun, Icheon-si, Gyonggi-do was selected as a field experimental site, and monitoring wells were established near and within stream to observe the water level and temperature changes over a long period of time. From the observed water level and temperature data, it was found that the river reach of interest changed to a losing stream pattern during the winter cultivation season due to groundwater level decline around pumping wells near the stream. The continuous exchange rates between stream and aquifer were estimated by plugging the observed water level data series into the experimental relation between head difference and exchange rate, showing the streamflow depletion by 16% of the groundwater pumping rate in Feb, 2011.

The Effects of Self-regulatory Resources and Construal Levels on the Choices of Zero-cost Products (자아조절자원 및 해석수준이 공짜대안 선택에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jinyong;Im, Seoung Ah
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.55-76
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    • 2012
  • Most people prefer to choose zero-cost products they may get without paying any money. The 'zero-cost effect' can be explained with a 'zero-cost model' where consumers attach special values to zero-cost products in a different way from general economic models (Shampanier, Mazar and Ariely 2007). If 2 different products at the regular prices of ₩200 and ₩400 simultaneously offer ₩200 discounts, the prices will be changed to ₩0 and ₩200, respectively. In spite of the same price gap of the two products after the ₩200 discounts, people are much more likely to select the free alternative than the same product at the price of ₩200. Although prior studies have focused on the 'zero-cost effect' in isolation of other factors, this study investigates the moderating effects of a self-regulatory resource and a construal level on the selection of free products. Self-regulatory resources induce people to control or regulate their behavior. However, since self-regulatory resources are limited, they are to be easily depleted when exerted (Muraven, Tice, and Baumeister 1998). Without the resources, consumers tend to become less sensitive to price changes and to spend money more extravagantly (Vohs and Faber 2007). Under this condition, they are also likely to invest less effort on their information processing and to make more intuitive decisions (Pocheptsova, Amir, Dhar, and Baumeister 2009). Therefore, context effects such as price changes and zero cost effects are less likely in the circumstances of resource depletion. In addition, construal levels have profound effects on the ways of information processing (Trope and Liberman 2003, 2010). In a high construal level, people tend to attune their minds to core features and desirability aspects, whereas, in a low construal level, they are more likely to process information based on secondary features and feasibility aspects (Khan, Zhu, and Kalra 2010). A perceived value of a product is more related to desirability whereas a zero cost or a price level is more associated with feasibility. Thus, context effects or reliance on feasibility (for instance, the zero cost effect) will be diminished in a high level construal while those effects may remain in a low level construal. When people make decisions, these 2 factors can influence the magnitude of the 'zero-cost effect'. This study ran two experiments to investigate the effects of self-regulatory resources and construal levels on the selection of a free product. Kisses and Ferrero-Rocher, which were adopted in the prior study (Shampanier et al. 2007) were also used as alternatives in Experiments 1 and 2. We designed Experiment 1 in order to test whether self-regulatory resource depletion will moderate the zero-cost effect. The level of self-regulatory resources was manipulated with two different tasks, a Sudoku task in the depletion condition and a task of drawing diagrams in the non-depletion condition. Upon completion of the manipulation task, subjects were randomly assigned to one of a decision set with a zero-cost option (i.e., Kisses ₩0, and Ferrero-Rocher ₩200) or a set without a zero-cost option (i.e., Kisses ₩200, and Ferrero-Rocher ₩400). A pair of alternatives in the two decision sets have the same price gap of ₩200 between a low-priced Kisses and a high-priced Ferrero-Rocher. Subjects in the no-depletion condition selected Kisses more often (71.88%) over Ferrero-Rocher when Kisses was free than when it was priced at ₩200 (34.88%). However, the zero-cost effect disappeared when people do not have self-regulatory resources. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate whether constual levels influence the magnitude of the 'zero-cost effect'. To manipulate construal levels, 4 different 'why (in the high construal level condition)' or 'how (in the low construal level condition)' questions about health management were asked. They were presented with 4 boxes connected with downward arrows. In a box at the top, there was one question, 'Why do I maintain good physical health?' or 'How do I maintain good physical health?' Subjects inserted a response to the question of why or how they would maintain good physical health. Similar tasks were repeated for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th responses. After the manipulation task, subjects were randomly assigned either to a decision set with a zero-cost option, or to a set without it, as in Experiment 1. When a low construal level is primed with 'how', subjects chose free Kisses (60.66%) more often over Ferrero-Rocher than they chose ₩200 Kisses (42.19%) over ₩400 FerreroRocher. On contrast, the zero-cost effect could not be observed any longer when a high construal level is primed with 'why'.

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Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Drought for Major Upland Crops using Soil Moisture Model -Focused on the Jeollanam-do- (토양수분모형을 이용한 주요 밭작물의 미래 가뭄 전망 -전라남도 지역을 중심으로-)

  • Hong, Eun-Mi;Nam, Won-Ho;Choi, Jin-Yong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.65-76
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    • 2015
  • Estimating water requirements for upland crops are characterized by standing soil moisture condition during the entire crop growth period. However, scarce rainfall and intermittent dry spells often cause soil moisture depletion resulting in unsaturated condition in the fields. Changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change have significant influence on the increasing the occurrence of extreme soil moisture depletion. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate agricultural drought for upland crop water planning and management in the context of climate change. The objective of this study is to predict the impacts of climate change on agricultural drought for upland crops and changes in the temporal trends of drought characteristics. First, the changes in crop evapotranspiration and soil moisture in the six upland crops, such as Soybeans, Maize, Potatoes, Red Peppers, Chinese Cabbage (spring and fall) were analyzed by applying the soil moisture model from commonly available crop and soil characteristics and climate data, and were analyzed for the past 30 years (1981-2010), and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios (2011-2100). Second, the changes on the temporal trends of drought characteristics were performed using run theory, which was used to compare drought duration, severity, and magnitude to allow for quantitative evaluations under past and future climate conditions.

Electrochemical Evaluation of Corrosion Property of Welding Zone of 304 Stainless Steel (304 스테인리스강의 용접부위의 부식특성에 관한 전기화학적 평가)

  • Moon, Kyung-Man;Kim, Yun-Hae;Kim, Jong-Do;Lee, Myung-Hoon;Kim, Jin-Gyeong
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.58-63
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    • 2009
  • Two kinds of welding methods are used for austenitic 304 stainless steel: laser welding and TIG welding. The difference in the corrosion characteristics of the welded zone between these two welding methods was investigated using electrochemical methods, such as corrosion potential measurements, polarization curves, cyclic voltammograms, etc. The Vickers hardnesses of all the welded zones (WM: Weld Metal, HAZ: Heat Affected Zone, BM: Base Metal) showed relatively higher values in the case of laser welding than for TIG welding. Furthermore, the corrosion current densities of all the welding zones showed lower values compared to TIG welding. In particular, the corrosion current density of the HAZ with TIG welding had the highest value of all the welding zones, which suggests that chromium depletion due to the formation of chromium carbide appears in the HAZ, which is in the range of the sensitization temperature. Thus, it can easily be corroded with a more active anode. Consequently, we found that the corrosion resistance of all of the welding zones for austenitic 304 stainless steel could apparently be improved by using Laser welding.

A Study on Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Water Quality in the Middle Area of the Nakdong River, Korea (낙동강 중류 보 구간에서의 시 · 공간적 수질 분포 특성 연구)

  • Na, Eun Hye;Park, Suyoung;Kim, Jongha;Im, Seongsoo;Kim, Kyunghyun
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.723-731
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    • 2015
  • We investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of water quality in the Gangjung-Goryoung weir that is located in the middle area of the Nakdong river, Korea. The monitoring results indicated that there are discernible vertical differences in water quality during the pre- and post-monsoon periods (May to September). During this period, it was observed that the weak thermal stratification formed at the maximum level, and pH, Chl-a, and DO concentrations in the surface layer were higher than those in the bottom layer. This vertical difference was especially noticeable for DO concentrations: there were DO depletions at the bottom layer in late June to early August. During the summer monsoon period with heavy rainfall, there was a decline in vertical differences in water quality. From this study, it was suggested that continuous monitoring of vertical profiles could become a useful tool for identifying the spatial and temporal distributions of water quality and for developing the best management policy for water quality in the Nakdong river.

C-kit Expressing Male Germ Cells were Highly Sensitive to Busulfan Treatment and Apoptosis of Male Germ Cells Induced by Busulfan Treatment was not Caused by Fas/FalsL or p53

  • Ok Do-Won;Lee Mi-Suk;Gwon Deuk-Nam;Kim Jin-Hoe
    • Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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    • 2002.06a
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    • pp.4-4
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    • 2002
  • Male germ cell apoptosis has been extensively explored in rodent. In contrast, very little is known about their susceptibility to apoptosis stimuli of developing germ cell stages at the time when germ cell depletion after busulfan treatment occurs. Furthermore, it is still unanswered how spermatogonial stem cells are resistant to busulfan treatment. Spontaneous apoptosis of germ cells was observed in the testis of adult mice and experimentally induced busulfan treated mice increased this apoptosis to such an extent that there was a decrease in the weight of the testis. (omitted)

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Effects of an Anabolic Steroid, Nandrolone Phenylpropionate, on Reductions in Body and Muscle Proteins Under the Dietary Regimens of Feeding a Low-Protein Diet and of 50% Food Restriction in Rats

  • Choo, Jong-Jae
    • Nutritional Sciences
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.3-7
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    • 1998
  • The aim of the present investigation was to see whether an anabolic steroid, nandrolone phenylpropionate (NPP), exerts protienanabolic effects under such adverse nutritional conditions as protein deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition in male rats. feeding on a low-protein (8% casein) diet resulted in a marked reduction in body weight gain that was associated with reductions in body protein and protein content of gastrocnemius muscle. Administration of NPP (4 mg/kg body weight) did not alter muscle and body protein depletion induced by a low-protein diet. 50% food restriction caused reductions in body protein and in protein content of gastrocnemius muscle. These reductions were partially prevented by NPP (4 mg/kg body weight). Food restriction did not affect plasma concentration of corticosterone, insulin, or tetosterone plus dihydrotestosterone. On the other hand, neither plasma concentration of corticosterone nor insulin were affected by NPP. The present results show that anabolic steroids do not express anabolic effects under conditions of protein deficiency, but in protein-energy malnutrition, anabolic steroids exert their anabolic effects even in male rats.

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